The black hole could be a dark star with a "Planck heart."
They are neither black nor holes
A "black hole" with Planck's heart will lack a real boundary of events (pictured) (Photo Editor: Alexander Morisovich)
Black holes are gravitational monsters that are called black holes because no amount of light can escape their clutches. Black holes are by far the most mysterious objects in the universe.
But a new theory suggests that black holes may not be black. According to a new study, these black holes could be dark stars with bizarre physics at their core. This mysterious new physical phenomenon could cause these dark stars to emit a strange radiation; These substances, in turn, explain all the mysterious dark matter in the universe, which pulls everything but does not emit light.
Dark Star
Thanks to Einstein's general theory of relativity, which describes how matter warps space-time, we know that some massive stars can collapse to such an extent that they will constantly collapse into an infinitesimal point—a singularity.
Once a singularity is formed, it is surrounded by the event horizon. This is the ultimate one-way street in the universe. At the event horizon, the gravity of a black hole is so strong that to escape, you must travel faster than light. But since faster-than-light is absolutely impossible, anything that crosses that line is doomed to failure.
These simple but surprising claims have been observed for decades. Astronomers have observed the star's atmosphere being sucked into the black hole. They saw stars orbiting black holes. Physicists have heard gravitational waves emitted by black hole collisions. We've even taken pictures of black hole "shadows" — voids formed by black holes in the glow of surrounding gas.
But at the heart of black hole science remains a mystery. The most appropriate property to define a black hole—the singularity—seems physically impossible because matter can't actually collapse into an infinitesimal point.
Planck engine
That means the current understanding of black holes eventually needs to be updated or replaced by something else that could explain the center of a black hole. But that hasn't stopped physicists from trying.
A theory of black hole singularities replaces those infinitesimally tiny dots made of infinitely compressed matter with something more acceptable. These are called Planck nuclei because the theory holds that the matter inside a black hole is compressed all the way to the smallest possible scale, i.e. Planck length: 1.6*10^-35 meters.
This.. Very small.
With Planck's nucleus, there is no longer a singularity, and black holes no longer have an event horizon—no more places with faster-than-light gravity. But to outside observers, the strong gravitational pull looks and behaves like an event horizon. Only extremely sensitive observations can tell the difference, but we still don't have the technology to make a judgment.
dark matter
Fundamental problems require fundamental solutions, and replacing the "singularity" with a Planck kernel is not so far away, although the theory is still only a vague outline, and no physicist or mathematician can confidently explain that situation. In other words, the Planck nucleus is a casual idea from physics, but it is still useful, and the singularity theory requires some serious thinking that breaks the mold. And it could have some additional effects, such as solving the mystery of dark matter.
Dark matter makes up 85% of the mass of the universe and never interacts with light. We can only determine its existence by its gravitational effect on normal luminous matter. For example, we can observe stars orbiting the center of galaxies and use their orbital velocities to calculate the total mass of those galaxies.
In a new paper submitted to arXiv, a preprint database, physicist Igor Nikitin of Germany's Fraunhofer Institute for Scientific Algorithms and Computations takes the idea of an "extreme singularity" to a new level. According to the paper, Planck nuclei may emit particles (because there is no event horizon, these black holes are not completely black). These particles may be familiar to us or they may be new.
Perhaps, they are some form of particles that could explain dark matter. Nikitin writes that if black holes are really Planck stars, then they are constantly releasing streams of dark matter that could explain the motion of stars within the galaxy.
His idea may not stand up to further deduction (there is much more evidence for the existence of dark matter than it has on the motion of stars). But it's a great example of how we need as many ideas as possible to explain black holes, because we never know how it might relate to other unsolved mysteries in the universe.
BY:Paul Sutter
FY:Katrina H.
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