Academician Yin Wenying in his youth
At the end of 1952, a fish disease prevention site called "Linghu Fish Disease Workstation" in China's most important freshwater fish breeding area was being prepared. At that time, in order to speed up the construction of the entire site and improve the scientific research level of the site, the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences sent 5 young researchers to help fishermen and farmers prevent and control fish diseases. But who could have imagined that in this fish disease workstation, a later "protozoan classification innovator" and entomologist - Academician Yin Wenying was born.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > father and daughter academicians</h1>
As the daughter of Academician Yin Zanxun, a pioneer and organizer of China's geological undertakings, Academician Yin Wenying's childhood life can be said to be surrounded by a scientific research atmosphere.
Academician Yin Zanxun in his youth
In 1931, Academician Yin Zanxun went to work at the Beijing Geological Survey, and then brought academician Yin Wenying, who was only 9 years old, to Beijing with his wife. However, because Yin Wenying in his hometown in Hebei province had only studied private school for a few years, there was a disconnect between the content of traditional education and new education, and Academician Yin Wenying could not keep up with the progress of his classmates' coursework. However, Academician Yin Wenying, who is strong, did not give up on resignation, but in the evening when his father was free, he picked up the lamp to study the falling content under the guidance of his father. The cost of exponential time allowed Academician Yin Wenying to not only catch up with the learning progress of his classmates in the past three years, but also passed excellent results and was admitted to Huaguang Girls' High School.
Academician Yin Zanxun and Academician Yin Wenying took a group photo
However, from 1934 to 1943, during the most turbulent 8 years in the country, in order to be safe, Academician Yin Wenying, who had just been admitted to middle school, had to travel with his parents to many places. From Huaguang Women in Beijing to Huiwen Girls' High School in Nanjing, to Anqing, to Nanchang... In the past 8 years, Academician Yin Wenying has traveled to 5 middle schools, while self-studying while following the teachers of the school to supplement new knowledge, the study in these 8 years, although it has delayed the learning progress of Academician Yin Wenying, but it has laid a solid foundation for him, which has provided a great help for his later admission to national central university.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the beginning of protozoa research in China</h1>
The beginning of this innovation should begin with a "small white dot-like bug" and academician Yin Wenying's "chance encounter".
Academician Yin Wenying, who is helping fishermen spray anti-fish disease medicine in fish ponds
In 1963, the work of the Linghu Lake Fish Disease Workstation was initially completed, and a set of effective "three eliminations and four determinations" fish disease prevention measures were summarized in the resident experiment of Academician Yin Wenying and other 5 people, and began to become an indispensable part of the scientific operating procedures of pond fish farming in China at that time. The work came to an end, and Academician Yin Wenying and others were gradually transferred back to Shanghai.
Academician Yin Wenying, who had just been transferred back to the Shanghai Institute of Entomology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, adhered to the concept of scientific power, and joined the insect specimen collection in Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang Province, without stopping, in the process, Academician Yin Wenying encountered the "proto-tailed insect" and was dumped by this "small white dot-like bug". Through the comparison of existing specimens in the laboratory, Academician Yin Wenying found that this small white insect is a proto-tailed insect that has not yet been discovered in China, but because it is the first discovery, there is no existing relevant data in China, and it can only seek literature from foreign counterparts and borrow literature to complete the research. This is the background of The first paper on protozoans in China, "Two New Species of Protocopods in China".
In the following fifty years, Academician Yin Wenying, who realized the gap in the history of insect classification in China, began to lead the team, measuring the land with footprints while collecting specimens. During this period, the team of academician Yin Wenying collected more than 30,000 protozoan specimens, reported more than 190 species of protozoa, including 168 new species, 19 new genera, and established 4 new families, which greatly enriched the number of species of protozoa in China and achieved a breakthrough from 0 to 1 in China.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > a taxonomic innovation for protozoa</h1>
Red Leech
In the 1990s, academician Yin Wenying discovered a red protozoan, the red Chinese leech, while collecting specimens in Dongshe Mountain, Songjiang District, Shanghai. Through his research experience in recent years, Academician Yin Wenying speculated that this may be a new family in the proto-tail order) "Hua Liceae", and wrote a paper called "The Study of Chinese Protozoa II. On a New Family of Suborders" to explain the reasons for this classification.
Professor Tuxen is being discussed with Academician Yin Wenying
As soon as the article was published, it immediately attracted the attention of the global entomological community. If the family was recognized as a new subject, it was an innovation in the classical taxonomy established by Professor Tuxen, then a world-renowned entomologist recognized worldwide. To this end, Professor Tuxen and Academician Yin Wenying have met many times, but they have been deadlocked on whether the Chinese leech can belong to the ancient leech suborder.
How can this cognitive barrier be broken? Yin Wenying began to observe the structure of protozoan sperm ultrastructurally, hoping to explain his classification claims for the family Porphyra through genetic characteristics. Purchasing instruments and exploring technology, Academician Yin Wenying's team has conducted ultrastructural comparative studies on the sperm of 20 species of protozoans in 8 families and 16 genera around the world. Through years of analysis and comparison, Academician Yin Wenying found that the sperm of each family and even genus of protozoa has its own unique characteristics, and the performance of this feature is not only reflected in the shape of its sperm, but also in its different structures.
However, this result is not enough to support the taxonomic status of Chinese leeches, in order to provide a more favorable classification basis, Academician Yin Wenying began to make multidisciplinary comparisons of different protozoans. By dissecting, observing, and comparing the submicronic structure of the internal organs of different protozoa, Academician Yin Wenying found that there were no small problems in the original classification system of protozoa, and it was necessary to reformulate the classification standards.
Until the 20th International Entomological Congress held in Florence, Italy in 1996, Academician Yin Wenying threw out her latest output of the taxonomic system of proto-tail order 3 orders and 10 families, and improved the details after discussing with a number of entomologists on the spot. Eventually, the basis for the classification of protozoa in the world at that time was reformulated, and the protozoa found at that time were reclassified.
While identifying the classification of protozoa, Academician Yin Wenying did not forget the importance of scientific research linkage. Taking the lead in cooperating with relevant experts of the United Nations, jointly carrying out the project of "Research on Soil Fauna in Typical Areas of China", linking 9 research institutes, a total of more than 80 experts and scholars to participate, through the investigation and research of organisms in different geomorphological regions of China, greatly enriched its collection of 300,000 specimens in the study of "subtropical forest soil fauna and its role in forest ecological balance" in 1982, and the specimens involved the reserves of more than 600 animals in 8 animal phylums, 20 classes and 71 purposes. It has drawn a strong stroke for the study of soil animals in China.
concentrate:
1) Yin Wenying, born on October 18, 1922 in Pingxiang, Hebei Province, is an entomologist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, researcher and doctoral supervisor of the Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
After graduating from the Department of Biology of Central University in 1947, Yin Wenying served as an assistant at the Institute of Zoology of the Academia Sinica; in 1950, he became an assistant researcher at the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; in 1956 he joined the Jiusan Society; in 1963 he worked in the Shanghai Institute of Entomology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences as an assistant researcher, associate researcher, and researcher; in 1991, he was elected as a member of the Faculty of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; and in 1998 he won the He Liang He Li Foundation Science and Technology Progress Award In 2014, he won the first Lifetime Achievement Award of the Entomological Society of China.
In his early years, Yin Wenying was engaged in research on fish parasites and fish disease control. After 1960, the taxonomy, morphology, ecology, post-embryonic development, biogeography, comparative spermology and sub-microstructure of protozoans were systematically studied, and a new classification system of protocopods was established accordingly, and experimental studies on the composition, variation of soil fauna and their role in soil material circulation and the impact of environmental pollution were completed in 6 climate zones after 1985.