As the weather gets hotter and hotter, wild cats, mice, etc. begin to be active frequently, and this is when farms should pay attention, which is when pig toxoplasmosis is most likely to break out. As a parasite, once parasitized in the host body, it will quickly spread to the surrounding susceptible animals, resulting in a population outbreak, and the disease is susceptible to humans, so its onset can cause serious consequences, and it is necessary to maintain due sensitivity and strictly prevent its infection.
<h1>1 Epidemiology</h1>
Toxoplasma pigs mainly live in the blood of animals, and survive for a very long time, can last up to several years, in its development process requires the participation of 2 hosts, its terminal host is a cat, other animals are the middle host, such as pigs, cattle, sheep and so on. The source of infection of this disease is the animal that has been infected with the disease, there are some animals with insects that have not yet developed the disease, the excrement of these animals and the carcass and internal organs contain a large number of pathogens, through feces and other excrement to excrete the pathogenic oocyst out of the body, Toxoplasma mainly in the form of oocysts contaminated feed, drinking water, etc.; the infection route of the disease is the respiratory tract and digestive tract, usually through the mouth, throat and respiratory tract infection, but also through the skin, eyes and other parts of the infection, pregnant sows may also spread the pathogen to piglets through the placenta. Susceptible animals are susceptible to pigs of all ages, of which pigs at 3 months of age are the most susceptible to infection. There are more than 200 species of animals that can be infected with the disease, and all of them are susceptible animals to the disease. There is no significant seasonality in the occurrence of this disease, but the incidence is higher during the high temperature and humidity season.
<h1>2 Pathogens</h1>
The pathogen of this disease is Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoa disease that reproduces within the cells of the intestinal wall of cats and develops there into trophoblasts and cysts. The other part of the insect body breeds in large quantities in the small intestine of the cat and becomes a large and large gametophyte. Large and small gametophytes re-mature and combine into zygotes to develop into oocysts, which can infect other animals. The oocyst is very resistant to the environment and can survive in the environment for 1 year, but it is sensitive to high temperatures and ammonia, and dies quickly at high temperatures and 10% ammonia.
<h1>3 Clinical symptoms</h1>
Pigs have a certain tolerance to Toxoplasma gondii, so they do not show clinical symptoms after infection, and Toxoplasma gondii appears as a state of hidden infection after forming a capsule in the pig tissue. Initially there will be an increase in body temperature, even as high as 42 ° C, the heat type is residual heat, lack of energy, shortness of breath, decreased appetite or even exhaustion, flushing of the conjunctiva of the eye, dry nose mirror, coarse hair, often alternating diarrhea and constipation. Usually sick pigs are reluctant to move, manifested by weakness in the hind limbs, lying down, and as the disease progresses, there will be an unequal number of bleeding spots or purple patches behind the ears and under the nose, and even on the inside of the hind limbs. Sick pigs have difficulty breathing, often showing abdominal breathing, and severely ill pigs will suffocate and die. The superficial lymph nodes of the body will be enlarged to varying degrees, and some sick pigs have not died and often recover in half a month, but there will still be some symptoms such as coughing and breathing difficulties.
<h1>4 Pathological changes</h1>
Sick and dead pigs often show cyanosis behind the ears, cyanosis in many places such as under the abdomen and tail. There is blood flowing out of the anus, there will be swelling of both the inguinal lymph nodes and the mesenteric lymph nodes, the section is moist and myelinated, grayish white or reddish, the cut surface is valgus, juicy, or grayish or grayish yellow necrosis foci are seen. There is a yellow, clear effusion in the chest and abdominal cavity, sometimes with a cloudy effusion. The lungs are enlarged, visible reddish in appearance, and have bleeding spots and necrotic foci. There are also some red foamy liquids present in the trachea and bronchi. The liver is mostly yellowish brown, hard in texture, and has a gray-white necrotic foci on the surface. The spleen is enlarged and the spleen marrow is mud-shaped. The kidney surface has needle-tip-sized necrotic foci and bleeding spots. There is also bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.
<h1>5 Prevention and control</h1>
5.1 Prevention
The prevention of this disease must remove the terminal host in the farm, that is, the cat, and then it is necessary to strengthen the breeding management, strictly prevent the oocyst contamination of toxoplasma gondii such as feed and drinking water, eliminate the source of infection, and also use the disinfectant solution that disinfects the egg sac with a good effect on the oocyst to disinfect the premises to kill the toxoplasma gondii oocyst in the environment and cut off the transmission route. Pig farms should be reasonably dewormed, breeding boars are dewormed 1 to 2 times a year, and sows are dewormed once before breeding, because deworming sows can effectively prevent sows from being infected with Toxoplasma gondii when pregnant and spreading to newborn piglets. Deworming drugs can be selected as highly effective broad-spectrum drugs that prevent not only toxoplasmosis, but also other parasitic infections.
5.2 Treatment
Antibacterial drugs can be used for the treatment of this disease, usually more are used in macrocyclic lipids, sulfadiazine and lincomine 10% sulfadiazine sodium injection 0.5 to 1 ml / kg, intramuscular injection, 2 times / day, even 3 to 4 days, the first time doubled; mixing with doxycycline hydrochloride soluble powder, with plate green granules. Macrolides mainly use roxithromycin and azithromycin. Roxithromycin is safer and more effective in the treatment of Toxoplasma gondii and has not been adversely affected even in pregnant sows. Azithromycin can also better inhibit the growth and development of its oocysts. Clindamine clindamycin can be very effective in the treatment of Toxoplasma gondii and can also be used for the prevention of early Toxoplasmosis.