[Pygmy hamster] Pygmy hamster refers to the three kinds of hamsters, Campopus campbelli (commonly known as first-line class), Gacaria (commonly known as the trilinear class) Phodopus sungorus and Roborovskii (commonly known as in-laws). Since all three hamsters are of the genus Phodopus, they are also collectively known as Dwarf Hamsters.
Gacaria Dvalf Winter White Russian Hamster (commonly known as: three-line, maple leaf rat, crouching bear) Scientific name: Phodopus sungorus Classification: Vertebrate phylum --- mammals - Rodents - Hamster family - Hamster subfamily - Hairy foot genus (pygmy hamster genus) Appearance characteristics: Body length 8-11 cm, tail length 1.6-3 cm, weight 30-45 g. There are three black lines in the middle and two of the wild-colored backs. The dorsal hairs are dark grey and the ventral hairs are white. Some hamsters of this species have the phenomenon of coat color turning white in winter, commonly known as "winter white".Native land: Siberia, Russia, Mongolia Habitat: steppe, semi-desert, farmland, hillside and alpine meadows/living alone; Temperature: 18 - 26 degrees Celsius Humidity: 30 - 40 % Food: Omnivorous, staple food of various weed seeds and grains, occasionally hunting insects, have the habit of storing food, do not hibernate, and rely on stored food for the winter. Activity time: Night Life: 2-3 years Temperament: More docile breeding: 2 months of sexual maturity, breeding begins in spring, gestation period of 17-22 days, 3-5 litters per year, 4-8 litters per litter, up to 10. Avoid inbreeding, which can lead to a decline in offspring and a high mortality rate. Gender identification: males have an anus that are far away from the genitals and can see the testicles; The females are closer together, and the nipples of adult female mice are more pronounced.
The earliest record of the discovery of the Gacaria hamster was in 1770. It was later artificially bred by the Germans as an experimental animal in the 1960s. Most of the Gaccaria hamsters raised today are derived from the hamsters bred by the Germans. Laboratories in the UK introduced the Gacaria hamster in the 1970s and began as a pet in 1978.
【Features】Winter white: The so-called winter white refers to a kind of coat color change phenomenon in which the three-line hamster first turns white from the face and finally extends to the entire body when winter comes. Three-line hamsters carry the winter white gene, but this does not mean that all third-line hamsters will turn white in the winter. Winter white is a protective color, not a variety. Face: The trilinear class has a pointed face compared to other breeds of hamsters. Backline: Standard three-line hamsters have a thicker backline and a pronounced backline. As we age, the dorsal line fades. Coat color: The overall coat color distribution is relatively uniform, and there are obviously overgraded blocks between different colors. Get along with people: the three-line hamster is a more docile hamster, but it can also be relatively familiar with people; but it should be noted that the three-line hamster can be said to be the most "jealous" hamster in the pet hamster, if you snub it for too long, it is inevitable to bite you.
Getting along with rats: Three-line fights are basically fights when they meet, and it is normal for the head to break and bleed. Therefore, the three-line hamster must not be caged to avoid tragedy.
Wild color (three-line)】 (genetic code: AA) Wild color, which is commonly known as three-line, is the natural coat color of wild Gacaria hamsters. The three lines of dorsal hairs are evenly distributed and transition naturally, with three black lines on the back divided into two coat-colored areas, and the eyes are black. Dorsal line: A black stripe from the head to the tail, with thicker lines. Heredity: The third line is a carrier of other recessive trait genes, but does not carry dominant genes. If there is only three-line mating and breeding, silver foxes will never be obtained under normal circumstances. (Domestic genetic chaos, so not necessarily)
【Purple Warehouse】(Gene Code: dd) Purple Warehouse is blue-gray hair, and the color of the eyes is black. Related information: Purple Barn is the first genetic mutation of the Jacaria hamster, the first Purple Barn was born in 1988 in Black Williams, England. This is a spontaneous mutation.
[Silver Fox] (Genetic Code: Pepe) Silver fox, full of white undercoat hair, there is a clear black line from beginning to end on the back, and some silver fox back black lines are not complete. Heredity: The silver fox is a dominant mutation. Some foreign data show that it may be a fatal genetic mutation, that is, it will be difficult for the offspring of PePe's homozygous to survive. Related information: In 1989, the first silver fox was bred by Carol Sanders in the United Kingdom, which was pure white (personally believed to be caused by an albino mutation). Originally, all male silver foxes were incapable of reproduction (albinism was actually a genetic defect), but this is not the case anymore. After the silver fox entered the Netherlands, the overall coat color gradually turned black, and it developed into a Dutch silver fox with a clear dorsal line and an even distribution of black hair all over the body. The Dutch silver fox was temporarily certified as a new breed, but it was not officially converted to a new breed for certification in 2005 due to the fact that the information about the silver fox did not match well, type and color.
[Golden Fox] (Genetic Code: PepeMama) Golden Fox, full of white underlings, a yellow dorsal line on the back, eyes are black. The golden fox is bred by the mating of silver fox and pudding. Heredity: Both genes carried by the golden fox are lethal.
[Pudding] (main genetic code: Mama/mm) Pudding body yellow hair, dark yellow dorsal line, black eyes. But as we age, this yellow color fades, and after about 5-6 weeks, the coat color will slowly darken and eventually turn brown. After that, the coat color of the pudding changes indefinitely, and as we age, the coat color may change again. Domestic for a variety of coat color changes are collectively referred to as pudding, but foreign countries will refine the classification. Details will be explained later. Heredity: Pudding is a dominant gene. However, if two Ma genes meet together, the fertilization rate drops, so this can also be a fatal gene. This means that if the offspring are bound by two Ma genes, they will be difficult to give birth to, and most of them will be stillborn or absorbed by the mother (which explains part of why pudding is prone to difficult childbirth).
[Milk Tea] (Genetic Code: ddmm) The color of milk tea is a soft lime purple, and the back line is not obvious. Milk tea is bred from purple warehouses and black pudding. Inherited from the genes of black pudding, milk tea may also suffer from genetic defect disease - crooked head, that is, hamsters can not stand upright normally, while under pressure and cause the head to tilt to one side, some will appear to rotate in situ. If you have this genetic defect, you can see that it has a bias in the sense of direction when you are usually 2 weeks old. When the early milk tea was first bred, the eye color was dark red when it was a child, but then it slowly became darker and turned black. Nowadays, some milk teas also have dark red eyes when they are small.
【Introduction of foreign varieties】
【Wild pink-eyed pudding [domestically not available]】
(Gene code: pp) Wild red-eye pudding is yellow. There are many color changes when breeding, and the genes are not very stable. Internationally, some people confuse it with amber in Campbell hamsters. In Britain, this color is called orange, and in the Far East it is more commonly known as pudding. Red-eye pudding is basically exported from Russia to Singapore or the Netherlands, especially in the mid-1990s. Red-eye pudding is larger, sometimes more than 13cm long. Genes: It belongs to the recessive gene, and the red eye is an albino mutation. Dorsal line: Breeding with trilinear species of different varieties can obtain wild red-eyed pudding of different colors of dorsal line, one is brownish black and the other is silvery white. Breeding is generally believed to be mainly caused by the influence of the purple warehouse gene. Most breeders prefer a brownish-black dorsal line. Related information: Wild pink-eye pudding is not a spontaneous mutation, and the initial appearance is due to cross-breeding of Campbell hamsters and Jacaria hamsters. It was first bred in Russia in 1910, but was subsequently found to have a huge genetic defect due to close relatives. Some breeders bought a wild red-eyed pudding that looked like a Campbell hamster in the 80s, but later explored with other breeders that this seemingly Campbell hamster was actually a Gacaria hamster, and after 7 years of 20 generations of backcrossing, it was finally re-bred into a pure Gacaria hamster, but it could not avoid genetic defects caused by close relatives. Still, wild pink-eyed pudding is the basis for the breeding of many new breeds of jacaria hamsters. There are rumors that there are spontaneous mutations of wild pink-eye pudding in laboratories in Russia, but unfortunately there is no written evidence so far.
Yellow Blue-fawn (hereinafter referred to as YBF) looks very similar to wild pink-eyed pudding, but the hair color is still different. The overall coat color of YBF is the presence of a staggered relationship of camel, blue and gray hair. This is mainly affected by the genes of the purple warehouse, and sometimes the blue coat color will be more. In Flanders and the south of the Netherlands, YBF is more commonly known as "Yellow Blue". Genes: Bred from the mating of purple and wild red-eyed pudding.
(Gene code: aa) pure black, the back line is a little darker, and the eye color is black. The chin and abdomen have white hairs, and most of the limbs are white. Heredity: Information about recessive genes: Russian blue was bred earlier than the black third line. The recorded Black Three Line was in 2006, when a couple bought a wild color and a purple barn at a pet store, and mated and bred a Black Triline and a Russian Blue, but they did not know that it was a new breed caused by a new mutated gene, and then sold them to the pet store. Black three-line black bears are darker than first-line black bears, and first-line black bears can sometimes find white hair on their heads, but black three-liners do not. The true source of this genetic mutation is unknown. Some of the black lines are dark blue at first, and gradually darken as they age.
[Russian Blue] (Genetic code: aadd) Russian blue is a darker blue, the dorsal line will be a little darker than the coat color. The eyes are black, and the middle line between the limbs of the chin and abdomen (Figure 2) is white. Heredity: Russian blue is a mutant product of the black three-line and purple chambers. Related information: At the end of 2005, a breeder saw a Russian blue in the Jacaria hamster pile in the pet store, which was a female juvenile mouse, and bought it. In mid-2006, the breeder found Russian blue in a pet store, and there was also a black third line (that is, the couple introduced in the black third line accidentally bred). Russian blue is a mutation. At present, it has been able to form a stable coat color.
[Dove] [Domestic No] (Gene Code: aapp) Pigeon ash was first bred in July 2008. It belongs to the new breed of Gacaria hamster. Overall pigeon with gray fur and red eyes. Heredity: A combination of black trilinear and wild pink-eyed pudding. Related information: Pigeon grey is somewhat similar to red-eyed cloves, but compared to red-eyed cloves, pigeon grey is a little browner, while red-eyed cloves are more gray. Campbell hamsters and Syrian hamsters also have DOVE colors, but gacaria hamsters, pigeon grey, are darker than the previous two.
[Chocolate] [domestically not]] (Genetic code: aamm) The hair of chocolate is dark chocolate colored. Heredity: Derived from the breeding of black pudding and black trilinear. Related information: Chocolate that inherits the genes of black pudding may also have a genetic defect with a crooked head. The combination of this color will cause this defect to appear more likely. Another feature of this defect is cockfighting. The eye color of chocolate was originally dark red, but has now changed to black.
[Black-eye Lilac (domestic no]] (genetic code: aaddmm) The coat color of black-eyed lilac is a light lilac color. Heredity: Bred by mating with black three lines and milk tea. Related information: Black-eyed cloves that inherit the gene of black pudding may also have a genetic defect with a crooked head. The combination of this color will cause this defect to appear more likely. Another feature of this defect is that it can fight eyes. The eye color of the black-eyed lilac was originally dark red, but has now changed to black.
[Red-eye Lilac (domestic no]] (gene code: aaddpp) Red-eye cloves are relatively rare new varieties. The body coat is lilac in color and the ends of the hair are white. Red-eyed cloves are hard to photograph in their true color. Heredity: Black trilinear, purple barn and wild red-eyed pudding mate and breed from each other.
[Champagne (No domestic]] (Genetic code: aaddppmm) The first champagne on record was born in July 2010. However, it is not excluded that it has been bred earlier, but it is not known. Champagne is similar to red-eyed cloves, but its coat color is lighter than red-eyed cloves. Heredity: Champagne is a combination of four genes that are difficult to cultivate.
【Detailed classification of pudding abroad】 In China, pudding is uniformly called pudding whether it turns black or white or unchanged. But abroad, pudding is finely classified into different varieties. Next, we will introduce the relevant classification of pudding in foreign countries. Some have it domestically, and some domestic ones do not.
[Wild red-eye pudding [domestically not]] (Genetic code: pp) Wild red-eye pudding is yellow. There are many color changes when breeding, and the genes are not very stable. Internationally, some people confuse it with amber in Campbell hamsters. In Britain, this color is called orange, and in the Far East it is more commonly known as pudding. Red-eye pudding is basically exported from Russia to Singapore or the Netherlands, especially in the mid-1990s. Red-eye pudding is larger, sometimes more than 13cm long. Genes: It belongs to the recessive gene, and the red eye is an albino mutation. Dorsal line: Breeding with trilinear species of different varieties can obtain wild red-eyed pudding of different colors of dorsal line, one is brownish black and the other is silvery white. Breeding is generally believed to be mainly caused by the influence of the purple warehouse gene. Most breeders prefer a brownish-black dorsal line. Related information: Wild pink-eye pudding is not a spontaneous mutation, and the initial appearance is due to cross-breeding of Campbell hamsters and Jacaria hamsters. It was first bred in Russia in 1910, but was subsequently found to have a huge genetic defect due to close relatives. Some breeders bought a wild red-eyed pudding that looked like a Campbell hamster in the 80s, but later explored with other breeders that this seemingly Campbell hamster was actually a Gacaria hamster, and after 7 years of 20 generations of backcrossing, it was finally re-bred into a pure Gacaria hamster, but it could not avoid genetic defects caused by close relatives. Still, wild pink-eyed pudding is the basis for the breeding of many new breeds of jacaria hamsters. There are rumors that there are spontaneous mutations of wild pink-eye pudding in laboratories in Russia, but unfortunately there is no written evidence so far.
[Tangerine] (Gene code: Mama) In 2000-2002, there was a new mutant variety in the Gacaria hamster, orange. This is a jacaria hamster with yellow and black eyes. At 3 weeks of age, the coat color is yellow, but after 5-6 months of age, most of the coat color will begin to turn brown (what we commonly call anti-black). The dorsal line also begins to change color, eventually becoming a brown dorsal line. However, as we age, the brown coat color will slowly fade (pictured below). The color of oranges is very unstable, and you can see a lot of hues. Heredity: Oranges are alleles consisting of dominant and recessive genes. However, if two dominant genes (Ma) meet together, fertilization rates drop, so this can also be a fatal gene. That is to say, if the offspring's gene is MaMa, it will be difficult to be born, and most of them will be stillborn or absorbed by the mother. Related information: The earliest name for oranges was in Singapore. Compared to wild red-eyed pudding, the orange coat color is smoother. However, at present, more and more oranges have been found abroad that may be diabetic, but there are not many cases at the beginning. Foreign breeders believe that one possibility is that the breeder's negative attitude towards diabetes does not reproduce offspring, and the other possibility is that mating with purple chambers in the later stage reduces the incidence of this disease. At present, no orange born after mating with zicang has been found in the Netherlands to have diabetes.
[Camel] (Genetic code: ddMama) The coat color of camels is more soft and uniform than that of oranges, and brown hair is not as pronounced as oranges. It is creamy in infancy and is also called the first frost. Heredity: Bred from oranges and purple chambers. Related information: The official naming of camels was determined at the Naming Conference for The Colour Test of new breeds held in the Netherlands in July 2005. Subsequently, in another test result, the name was not suitable, but a suitable new name could not be found, so it was temporarily named Camel.
[White Orange/Golden Fox (Tangerine Pearl)] (Genetic Code: MamaPepe) White orange, which is also known as the "Golden Fox" in China, has white underwear, the yellow dorsal line on the back inherits from oranges, and the eyes are black. Usually, white oranges usually yellow will not fade. Heredity: Both genes carried by the golden fox are lethal.
[White Camel/Golden Fox (Camel Pearl)] (Genetic Code: ddMamaPepe) White camel, also known as a kind of "golden fox", has a white coat color, a white head and buttocks, and a brown dorsal line. If we follow the domestic classification, it should be what we often call "anti-black gold fox". Genes: Obtained by breeding camels and silver foxes.
(Gene Code: ppMama) The coat color of red-eyed orange is light orange, usually the coat color does not change, and the gene is relatively stable. Heredity: Bred by mating oranges and wild pink-eyed pudding.
[Red-eye camel (domestic no]] (gene code: ddppMama) The color of the red-eyed camel is lighter than the color of the camel, which is light brown. Heredity: Red-eyed camels are mated from purple-eyed pudding, wild red-eyed pudding, and oranges.
[Dirty Brown/Rust Brown] (genetic code: mm) Black pudding, also known as rust, is an internationally renowned variety. The overall coat color is brown , and the eyes may be dark red in juvenile years and darken to black in adulthood. Heredity: Black pudding is recessive. Related information: A big flaw in the black pudding gene is the crooked head. You will see many varieties related to black pudding, such as milk tea, with crooked heads, sideways problems, and some serious ones will rotate in place.
Sometimes a genetically defective black pudding can also be dumped to one side, as shown below.
(Tangerine Brown) (Gene Code: mmMama/ddmmMama/mmppMama/ddmmppMama) If oranges are combined with black pudding, you may get a mibuding that hues like a gradient layer, and can also be combined with wild red-eyed pudding to breed. The only drawback of this breed is that it inherits the gene of black pudding and may inherit a genetic defect with a crooked head. Heredity: Oranges are bred in combination with black pudding or milk tea or mikin.
【Summary of pudding】At present, in addition to wild red-eye pudding and varieties related to wild red-eye pudding (such as pink-eye orange, etc.), in a sense, basically other varieties of pudding are available. However, the domestic breeding of hamsters is not as strict as abroad, the existing domestic three-line varieties of genes are very chaotic, so the domestic pudding is difficult to divide according to the foreign classification, sometimes you may see the characteristics of N kinds of pudding varieties in the foreign classification in a hamster. In China, basically pudding will begin to change color after the full moon, some even change piece by piece, and some pudding basically changes the coat color throughout their lives. Chaotic genes lead to chaotic coat color. The genes of the pudding itself also determine that it has various defects, although after so many years of breeding, this defect has rarely been shown, but it is still unavoidable. Therefore, we have always said that pudding is the weakest hamster among the three-line hamsters, which is actually the reason. In general, the third-line class is not easy to get diabetes, but the probability of pudding developing diabetes is not low. For the breeding of pudding, the first advice is not to let the mother pudding breed. The fact that pudding is easy to produce is basically heard, but the reason is still limited by genes. Specific genetic problems are not described, after all, it is too complicated. Second, it is suggested that it can be bred with three-line or purple chambers, and the genes of these two varieties are conducive to correcting the genetic defects of the offspring pudding. Finally, although the domestic pudding is very confused due to chaotic genetic problems, it is undeniable that this may also be one of the charms of pudding.
[Hair special performance type] This section mainly introduces the more special performance type of hamster hair Basically many people think that the hair type of the Gacaria hamster is smooth hair, but in fact, there are many types Although a large part of these special performance types are caused by bad mutation genes, it is also necessary to understand as additional knowledge.
Merle is not a breed color, but a coat color pattern. It is a coat color pattern of white spots mainly positioned on the neck area, which can be combined with any color of Gaccaria hamster. Most Merles have a white bib and a pinch of white hair at the top of the head. In general, Merle's dorsal line is intact, but sometimes there is no dorsal line at the bib. Related: Merle was first discovered by Susan Washbrook in the UK. Merle is a dominant gene mutation.
[Mottled] (Genetic Code: Mimi) This coat color type is brought about by a three-line hybridization. It usually has a white mottle on the neck and flank, which is usually rounded. Heredity: A hair color type gene, a heterozygous fatal gene. If a hamster with this gene reproduces, the offspring that can be born will inherit the gene and usually die early, because it is easy to die of various fungi after opening their eyes. Related Information: The biggest disadvantage of this coat color type is that the male hamsters in the offspring you breed are not only sterile but also most likely white-eyed hamsters (i.e., blind), which will die within 2-3 weeks of birth. So breeding is definitely not recommended!
The Curly-haired Jacaria hamster was first recorded to have been bred in the Netherlands in 2007. The hair on the whole body is curly, and the beard is also curly. There is not much information on this coat color type, and it is not currently possible to determine whether the mutation gene is stable.
Curly Russian blue in infancy
【Paibald (spot)】
This mutant gene is currently only found in the United States and is derived from a wild color mutation. The coat color performance is basically pure white, irregular black spots. The official name is Paibald (spots), also known as Recessive Pieds (recessive spots). Heredity: A recessive genetic mutation.
Imperial does not affect the overall coat color, but makes the coat color of the jacaria hamster's abdomen white. This mutation was first discovered in the United States, but it has not been widely circulated. This is a pure form of dominantly fatal mutation that prevents breeders who once possessed the gene hamster from breeding it. Heredity: Imperal's gene is dominant and is a lethal gene. This means that if a Gacaria hamster that inherits this gene breeds, it is easy to miscarry, and there is no problem with chromosome pairing, but the fertilization rate is low.
[Umbrous (darkening)] The Umbrous gene is a dominant gene in gacaria hamsters, which can make the overall coat color darker, which is what we commonly call "darkening". This is not a new mutation.
From the following comparison, we can know that the coat color of the three-line foot with the Umbrous gene is not completely white, and the coat color of the abdomen on both sides is very darker than that of the ordinary three-line. The Umbrous gene can bind to any Jacaria hamster.
On the left is the foot of the ordinary three-line, and on the right is the foot of the darkened three-line
This article is excerpted from Wikipedia + Tieba: Foam Ink