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In October 1934, the Central Red Army embarked on an arduous 25,000-mile long march. But in the vast Long March, only 32 women accompanied the army.
Among the "32 female masters of the Long March," 30 are revolutionaries with outstanding merits or female cadres who act independently, and there are only two ordinary female soldiers, and one of them is Wang Quanyuan.
When Wang Quanyuan was 24 years old, she was unfortunately captured for covering the main force, but after being occupied by the enemy, she preferred to die.
Two years later, she narrowly escaped the clutches of her enemies, but because of this, she left the organization and cut off contact with her beloved husband.
So, how did Wang Quanyuan become the "32 female masters of the Long March"? And how was he captured? How did her fate change after being captured? Who is her ex-husband?
Born into poverty and revolution
One day in 1930, Wang Quanyuan, who was only 17 years old, went to town to catch up with the Communist Party's "Jiuda Ji'an."
In order to cooperate with the siege of the main forces, the underground party in Ji'an, Jiangxi Province, also organized a large-scale solidarity movement in the city.
They handed out leaflets and shouted "The Communist Party leads the revolt of the poor in Ji'an!" "We poor people have been organized from now on!" "Down with the landlord-capitalists, turn over and become masters!" and so on, the scene is very inspiring.
At that time, Wang Quanyuan did not know what a riot was, and it was the first time she heard about the Communist Party, but the phrase "turn over and become the master" really spoke to her heart.
Therefore, she also involuntarily joined the propaganda team, shouted slogans with everyone, and officially joined the propaganda team soon after.
However, she was sold by her parents to be a child bride as early as 8 years old, and it was not easy for her to escape from the demon cave of her in-laws' family.
In fact, Wang Quanyuan, whose real surname is Ouyang, was born in 1913 and is the child of a poor family in Ji'an County, Jiangxi Province.
Before she was born, there were two older brothers in the family. Her father heard the old generation often say that "children become good", so he always wanted to have another daughter.
Wang Quanyuan's birth just fulfilled their wish, so they named him "Quanyuan", which means "Quanyuan" for everything.
But hope is beautiful, but reality is cruel. In 1921, when there was a famine in Ji'an, her father sold her to the Wang family at the age of 8 in exchange for 40 quintals of life-saving rice in order to save the family's life.
After Ouyang Quanyuan arrived at the Wang family, he changed his name to Wang Quanyuan, nominally the adopted daughter of the Wang family, but in fact, it was the child bride-in-law bought by the Wang family for their son Wang Zhaodou, who was 24 years old at the time.
The life of a child bride-in-law is not good, it is natural to suffer hardships and be affected, and it is also convenient to be beaten and scolded.
Wang Quanyuan dreamed of getting rid of this life, but she was powerless until this time the Communist Party appeared in her life, and she knew that she finally had a chance.
At that time, her husband Wang Zhaodou found out that the signs were wrong, so he forced her to round the house, hoping to bind her to this old feudal family from now on.
But Wang Quanyuan's revolutionary enthusiasm has long been ignited, and this marriage that should not have existed can no longer tie her up. Soon, she ran away from home and joined the Chinese Communist Party.
Although Wang Quanyuan had little education, she was born to be a revolutionary material, and soon with her outstanding work ability, she went from a "yellow-haired girl" who knew nothing all the way to the position of an officer of the Women's Department of Xianggan Province.
In 1933, as an outstanding representative, she participated in the Congress of Soviets held in Xianggan Province. It was at this conference that she met Wang Shoudao for the first time.
Marriage on the Long March
Wang Shoudao is a native of Liuyang, Hunan, but "Xianggan has not been separated from families since ancient times", so he is also half of Wang Quanyuan's fellow countryman.
He was born in 1906, only seven years older than Wang Quanyuan; He joined the revolution in 1925, in fact, only five years before Wang Quanyuan.
However, he was from the Guangzhou Peasant Movement Workshop and was a good student taught by Chairman Mao, so he was personally handed down by Chairman Mao.
So at the age of only 25, he achieved the position of secretary of the Xianggan provincial party committee. But when he became famous at a young age, he did not have a little arrogance, but liked to mingle with his subordinates.
When he received the deputies after the meeting, when he heard that Wang Quanyuan not only used shuttles and sabers, but also killed a bandit with a shell gun, he could not help but praise her: "I didn't expect to be a sharpshooter." ”
Since then, Wang Quanyuan has left a special impression in his heart. But at that time, the two of them were only friends in Pingshui.
It didn't take long for Wang Shoudao to be ostracized by Wang Ming's leftist forces and transferred away from Xianggan. Wang Quanyuan didn't think much about anything other than feeling unhappy for Wang Shoudao.
But fate is a wonderful thing. At the end of 1933, Wang Quanyuan was transferred to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
And Wang Shoudao also became the secretary general of the Central Organization Bureau with the help of Li Weihan, then director of the Central Organization Bureau, and the two met again in Ruijin.
At this time, Chiang Kai-shek launched the fifth encirclement and suppression of the Central Soviet Region. In order to counter the enemy's blockade, the Central Committee decided that the Central Organization Bureau would be in charge of the Central Organization Bureau, and key personnel would be transferred to carry out the "Red Expansion Assault" campaign.
Wang Quanyuan was also transferred to the Central Organization Bureau because of her outstanding work ability, and she became a colleague with Wang Shoudao.
The two fought side by side for a long time, not only gained a better understanding of each other, but also successfully fulfilled the task of "expanding the red" assigned by the organization, strengthened the strength of the Red Army, and made outstanding contributions to the "anti-encirclement and suppression" struggle.
However, under the influence of Wang Ming's leftist line, the fifth counter-encirclement and suppression finally failed, and the CCP Red Army began a long march of arduous efforts.
Considering the difficulty of the march, the central government approved only 32 women to accompany the Long March, and these 32 women were later called the "32 female masters of the Long March".
At that time, Wang Quanyuan, who was only a "little soldier", was fortunate to become one of the "32 female masters" together with Mao Zedong's wife He Zizhen, Zhou Enlai's wife Deng Yingchao, and other famous revolutionaries.
Regardless of their status, whether they were married or not, they were all uniformly incorporated into the second column of the Central Military Commission, and the director of the political department of the second column at that time was Wang Shoudao.
The so-called "one birth, two acquaintances", Wang Shoudao and Wang Quanyuan, who have met for the third time, naturally became good friends who have nothing to say.
Graph source network
At that time, Wang Quanyuan was working in the health regiment of the column, and usually had to clean wounds for the wounded and sick, feed medicine and food, and run to the front line to carry stretchers when the battle came, and the work was dangerous and arduous.
At this time, the news of the death of her husband Wang Zhaodou came from his hometown.
Although Wang Quanyuan has no love for Wang Zhaodou, she has lived with him since she was a child, so she has long regarded him as a relative. Now when I hear the news of the death of my loved ones, my heart is also saddened.
All this that happened to Wang Quanyuan, Wang Shoudao also saw it in his eyes. He wanted to help her, but he didn't know how to help, so he could only go to see her and say something to encourage her.
But it was these "insignificant" cares that gave Wang Quanyuan, who was physically and mentally exhausted, great comfort, and she gradually fell in love with Wang Shoudao because she was extremely helpless in her heart.
Graph source network
And Wang Shoudao also found that Wang Quanyuan was soft on the outside and tough on the inside, and was his favorite type, so he also secretly felt affection for her.
But in order to stabilize the team, the central government at that time explicitly forbade falling in love during the Long March, so the two of them hid this relationship in their hearts.
But the changes in the relationship between Wang Shoudao and Wang Quanyuan were seen by everyone.
After the Zunyi Conference in 1935, Comrade Mao Zedong regained military command, and the situation of the Central Red Army also took a major turn.
One night, Cai Chang, Liu Ying and others came to Wang Quanyuan's residence and mysteriously said that they wanted to take her to a place.
Cai Chang
After saying that, he hugged Wang Quanyuan to the door of the Catholic Church in Zunyi City, and then ran away with a smile.
Wang Quanyuan pushed the door and looked, only to find that Wang Shoudao was waiting for her. Before Wang Quanyuan could react to what was going on, Wang Shoudao asked her for marriage.
She had been waiting for this day for a long time, so she immediately agreed to Wang Shoudao happily.
Unfortunately, the newlyweds had only spent one night before they were about to embark on another journey with the army.
Goodbye once and again
However, this time Wang Shoudao could no longer travel with Wang Quanyuan, and he was appointed as the party representative of the Red Ninth Army, and he wanted to stay behind to cover the main force crossing the Wujiang River south.
Before leaving, Wang Shoudao was worried about Wang Quanyuan's safety, so he gave her a personal pistol. Wang Quanyuan said movingly:
"According to the custom of our hometown, I should now give you a pair of shoes that I personally hold. When you wear it, you will always be my man, and no matter how far you go, you will eventually come back to me. But it happened suddenly, and I didn't have time to prepare for you. ”
Wang Shoudao said with the same emotion: "It's okay, when you have the conditions, you will do it for me." Even if I don't wear the shoes you made, I will come back to you!"
Under the cover of the Red Ninth Army, the main forces successfully crossed the Wujiang River. However, the Red Ninth Army itself was surrounded by the enemy in the Qianxi region.
Wang Quanyuan was anxious, but she couldn't do anything, so she could only pray day and night for Wang Shoudao to return safely.
Finally, Wang Shoudao's troops successfully crossed the Jinsha River from near Qujing, Yunnan, and soon caught up with the main force resting in the Maogong area of Sichuan.
Wang Quanyuan finally met Wang Shoudao again. The central government specially approved a small wooden building for them to spend the night together. They thought they would be able to stay together from now on, but the situation has changed.
After the 1st and 4th Red Front armies met at Maogong, in order to create a new situation, the central authorities decided that the two armies would jointly go north to the Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu regions to establish new revolutionary base areas.
For the convenience of the march, the Central Committee decided to divide the large army into two roads on the left and right and advance in parallel. Unfortunately, Wang Shoudao was assigned to the right side, while Wang Quanyuan was assigned to the left side.
At the time, they thought it was fine, and they would see each other again after crossing the grass. But the political situation has changed beyond their expectations.
Under the leadership of Mao Zedong and others, the Right Route Army successfully passed through the Songpan Meadows and captured Ban You, waiting for the arrival of the Left Route Army.
But what he did not expect was that Zhang Guotao, who led the left road army, repented on the verge of the battle, refused to go north, but insisted on going south.
Under these circumstances, Mao Zedong and others could only lead the Right Route Army north. Wang Shoudao and Wang Quanyuan also separated.
Zhang Guotao led the Left Route Army to toss and turn in western Sichuan for most of the year, although there were many losses and generals, but it did not open up the situation.
In desperation, he could only go north again. Wang Quanyuan thought that she could finally go to Yan'an to reunite with Wang Shoudao now.
However, when the troops entered southern Gansu, Zhang Guotao changed his mind again and began to advocate the westward advance of the troops to open the so-called "northwest passage of Soviet military aid."
Proceeding from the overall situation of unity within the party, the Central Committee finally agreed to the plan for the western expedition. Wang Quanyuan's wish to meet Wang Shoudao in Yan'an was also frustrated.
Xu forward
In November 1936, more than 20,000 men of Wang Quanyuan's Red Fourth Front Army were incorporated into the "Western Route Army," with Xu Qianqian as the commander-in-chief, crossing the Yellow River from near Jingyuan, Gansu, and began a tragic journey to the west.
Under the command of Xu Qianqian, the Western Route Army also initially achieved a series of victories, but in the end it was defeated due to the unfamiliar environment, the difficulty of supply, and the huge disparity between the forces of the enemy and us.
In the end, the Western Route Army of more than 20,000 people was left with less than 5,000 men, and under these circumstances, the central government decisively ordered the Western Route Army to retreat.
In order to cover the retreat of the troops, Wang Quanyuan, who was already the head of the Women's Pioneer Regiment, came forward and took the initiative to ask for battle:
"Let's take cover! Gay men are more combative, allowing them to complete more difficult tasks. 〞
How could Xu Qianqiang bear to let a group of female soldiers fight the murderous Ma Jiajun alone, so he didn't agree to this plan at first.
But Wang Quanyuan had already made up her mind, no matter how Xu Qianqiang persuaded, she still insisted on breaking the back. Xu Qianqian finally approved her request in desperation.
In order to cover the retreat of the large army, Wang Quanyuan led more than 1,000 female soldiers of the Women's Pioneer Regiment to set up three defensive lines near Luyuankou in Linze County, Gansu Province.
In order to confuse the enemy, she ordered all officers and men of the regiment to cut off their long hair, change to men's clothing, and changed to the number of the 286th regiment of the 30th army.
With only 5 rounds and 2 grenades each, the women's unit held out on the ground for three days.
When the bullets were gone, grenades were thrown, and when the grenades were lost, stones were thrown, and finally the task of covering the retreat of the large army was successfully completed.
However, the women's pioneer regiment of more than 1,000 people was completely destroyed, and in the end, including Wang Quanyuan, only six female soldiers remained. They fought with the enemy in the Qilian Mountains for more than a month, and were unfortunately captured by the northwestern warlord Ma Bufangbu.
Rather die than escape from the clutches of the devil, he returned to his hometown to remarry and was robbed
Ma Zhengchang, commander of Ma Bufang's engineering regiment, saw that Wang Quanyuan was beautiful, so he planned to make her his "little wife." But no matter how Ma Zhengchang coerced and lured and tortured him, Wang Quanyuan would never have obeyed.
In the end, Ma Zhengchang had no way to deal with her, so he stopped forcing her, but did not let her go, but put her under house arrest and sent a maid named Ah Xi to watch her day and night.
Ah Xi also came from a poor background, and he also dared to be angry with Ma Zhengchang. After seeing that Wang Quanyuan was still mighty and unyielding in danger, he had admiration for her.
Therefore, not only did he not strictly guard Wang Quanyuan according to Ma Zhengchang's requirements, but he always wanted to help Wang Quanyuan escape from the clutches of the devil
In mid-March 1939, Ma Zhengchang was ordered to move troops from Yongchang to Wuwei, and Ah Xi took advantage of the chaos to help Wang Quanyuan get a pass.
With the pass, Wang Quanyuan easily escaped from Ma Zhengchang's apartment, went all the way southeast, came to Lanzhou, and found the office of the Eighth Route Army in Lanzhou.
Wang Quanyuan thought that she could be regarded as finding an organization at this time, but what she did not expect was that the people of the "Eighth Office" directly refused her request to return to the team.
Wang Quanyuan knew that the central authorities had a stipulation that "one year should be taken back, examined for two years, and not retained for three years." But she had been captured for less than two years and still met the conditions for taking them in.
Wang Quanyuan fought for a long time, and the "Eighth Office" did not accept it alive, but generously gave her five pieces of ocean and asked her to find another place.
Wang Quanyuan never understood why the office ruthlessly turned her away, until later she learned that it was Ma Zhengchang who deliberately sent someone to release rumors after discovering her escape.
It is said that Wang Quanyuan has long been his aunt, and this time he asked to return to the army in order to lurk inside the Eighth Route Army as a spy.
Although the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated at that time, the diehard Kuomintang faction represented by Ma Bufang was still anti-communist.
Under these circumstances, the "Eighth Office" could hardly distinguish the truth or falsity of the rumors, and could only proceed from the overall situation and rejected Wang Quanyuan's request to return to the team. Wang Quanyuan had nowhere to go and could only return to her hometown in Jiangxi.
Along the way, she braved the wind and frost, braved the cold and heat, begged and marched, experienced thousands of hardships, tasted the bitterness and bitterness of people, and lasted three years before finally returning to her hometown in Ji'an.
But the villagers in her hometown did not know what happened to Wang Quanyuan, and after seeing Wang Quanyuan returning to her hometown alone, they all thought she was a deserter and accused her of being spineless.
And the Kuomintang security chiefs thought that Wang Quanyuan was a chihua element, so they looked for her stubble when there was nothing to do, and Wang Quanyuan was angry at both ends, and her life was difficult.
In order to find a reliance for the rest of his life, Wang Quanyuan reluctantly married Liu Gaohua of Heshi Township, Taihe County in 1948 when he could not contact Wang Shoudao.
Liu Gaohua's father participated in the Nanchang riot and served as the leader of the riot in the county, so Liu Gaohua himself is also a revolutionary offspring, and after Wang Quanyuan married him, he encouraged him to join the army.
After the liberation of Taihe, Liu Gaohua became the first township chief of Heshi Township, and Wang Quanyuan also served as the director of the district committee women.
After Liu Gaohua took office, he has been conscientious and selfless, but he has also offended the landlords in the township because of this.
In order to pull Liu Gaohua off his horse, the landlord poisoned the farming cattle in the village and blamed Liu Gaohua, for which Liu Gaohua was sentenced to five years in prison.
Wang Quanyuan, as a family member of the "counter-revolutionary," was naturally stopped from work. Wang Shoudao was the chairman of the provincial government in nearby Hunan Province at the time.
After hearing the news, many relatives and friends suggested that Wang Quanyuan go to Wang Shoudao. But Wang Quanyuan didn't know how to face him and didn't want to make trouble, so she flatly rejected the suggestions of relatives and friends and resolutely returned to the village.
After returning to the village, Wang Quanyuan was strongly hostile by the villagers who did not know the truth, and since then she has fallen into a continuous misery and desolation.
The first on the left is the king of the first way
The robbery crosses to see each other again
Until 1962 Hua, Kang Keqing accompanied Marshal Zhu De back to Jinggangshan. When passing by Ji'an, she suddenly remembered that Wang Quanyuan was from Ji'an, but after the Long March, there was no trace of her again.
Kang Keqing expected that Wang Quanyuan might have returned to his hometown, so he took the attitude of trying it out and asked the Ji'an Prefectural Committee to help inquire about Wang Quanyuan's whereabouts.
The Ji'an Prefectural Committee really found Wang Quanyuan. After seeing Sister Kang, who had been absent for 21 years, Wang Quanyuan had experienced hardships and hardships over the years.
She couldn't hold back her tears anymore and threw herself into Sister Kang's arms and cried bitterly.
Kang Keqing
After Kang Kexiao learned of what happened to Wang Quanyuan, he solemnly said to the leader of the Ji'an Prefectural Party Committee: "Quanyuan is a good comrade, I can testify!" ”
Under Kang Keqing's instructions, the relevant departments in Ji'an quickly found out the truth and gave Liu Gaohua a clean slate.
Wang Quanyuan also resumed her work and was transferred to the township old people's home as a director. After three years of good life, Liu Gaohua died of illness.
Wang Quanyuan, who was silent, never married again, but put all her energy into work.
Regardless of fame and fortune, she did not think of "official" minority, and worked for 13 years in the post of director of the nursing home, and finally became a well-known model worker.
In December 1981, Wang Quanyuan, who was a rare woman, was invited by the All-China Women's Federation to attend the Fifth National Women's Congress in Beijing.
Wang Shoudao, then vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, was already a deputy state-level cadre, but after learning the news, he made a special trip to the women's federation to visit Wang Quanyuan.
46 years of lovesickness, now goodbye, but can only "hold hands to look at each other tears, but speechless choking".
In the end, Wang Shoudao asked: "I waited for you in Yan'an for nearly three years, where did you go?" ”
After listening to Wang Quanyuan's experience, Wang Shoudao was moved to tears, but now that they each have their own lives, no matter what he does, he cannot save history.
In the end, he could only say to the leaders of the All-China Women's Federation: "Wang Quanyuan is a good daughter of the party and a time-tested female soldier of the Red Army!" You should implement the policy for her! ”
In 1989, with the care and assistance of Wang Shoudao and others, Wang Quanyuan's treatment policy was finally implemented.
In September 1995, when Wang Quanyuan heard that Wang Shoudao was seriously ill, she went to Beijing to visit Wang Shoudao and brought the cloth shoes that she owed Wang Shoudao for 50 years.
A year later, Wang Shoudao passed away unexpectedly, and Wang Quanyuan burst into tears when she heard the news on TV.
After that, Wang Weibin, the daughter of Wang Shoudao, made a special trip to bring her the relics of Wang Shoudao. When she heard Wang Weibin call her "mother", Wang Quanyuan shed tears of emotion again...
Wang Quanyuan's life is legendary. She is one of the "32 female masters of the Long March", but she has never been proud of her merits.
She and Wang Shoudao knew and fell in love, but they could not stay together for a lifetime due to historical reasons; She never gave birth in her life, but she has raised 6 orphans.
She had a bumpy life, but she was able to maintain her true colors as a Communist Party member. The spirit exuded by Wang Quanyuan is still worth learning from.
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