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Scientists have discovered a rich undersea world in the waters of Hawaii. Deep sea coral reefs there are home to vast algae meadows. Algae are simple, leafless plants.
Scientists have discovered an underwater world rich in Hawaiian waters. Deep-sea coral reefs have vast seaweed meadows. Algae are simple leafless plants.
Coral reefs are rock-like ridges. They are formed out of the hard outer shells of tiny animals known as coral.
Coral reefs are rock-like ridges. They are formed by the hard shells of tiny animals called corals.
Corals have hard outer shells, which remain after they die. The shells pile up and stick together. In time, the result is a huge coral reef.
Corals have a hard shell that remains after death. Shells piled up. Eventually a huge coral reef was formed.
Algae grow on these coral reefs. In turn, large numbers of fish live on the algae, or on other fish attracted to the reefs.
Algae grow on these reefs. In turn, large numbers of fish live on algae, or other fish attracted to coral reefs.
Scientists say the newly discovered algae meadows support more fish than any other place in Earth’s seas. They are also home to many kinds of fish not found elsewhere.
Scientists say the newly discovered seaweed meadows are more suitable for fish than anywhere else on earth. They are also home to many fish species not found elsewhere.
Fishing For Information
Shallow coral reefs have been carefully studied for years. However, until now scientists did not know much about deep reefs. Deep reefs are those found from 100 to 500 feet down.
Over the years, shallow coral reefs have been carefully studied. Until now, however, scientists have not known much about deep-sea reefs. Deep reefs are found at depths of 100 to 500 feet.
The new study took 20 years to complete. It focused in particular on areas off the islands of Maui and Kauai.
The new study took 20 years to complete. It pays special attention to areas outside Maui and Kauai.
In both places, scientists found vast stretches where the ocean floor was completely covered with coral reefs. These regions were found 300 feet beneath the surface and even deeper.
In both places, scientists have discovered vast seas, with the seafloor completely covered by coral reefs. These areas are found 300 feet or more below the surface.
“It’s amazing to find such rich coral communities down so deep," said scientist Anthony Montgomery.
Scientist Anthony Montgomery said: "It's incredible to find such a rich coral community at such a deep seafloor. ”
Light Gives Life
Both corals and algae need sunlight to live. The scientists say the area's unusually clear water allows sunlight to reach the deep reefs.
Corals and algae both need sunlight to survive. Scientists say the area's unusually clear waters allow sunlight to reach deep into the reef.
The scientists found more than 70 kinds of algae spread across huge deep sea meadows. The plants support many kinds of fish.
Scientists have found more than 70 species of algae spread across huge deep-sea meadows. These plants support a variety of fish. The scientists also found many fish that are endemic to their area. Endemic fish are fish that are found only in one place and nowhere else on the planet.
Scientists have also found many endemic fish species. Endemic fish are fish found only in one place and elsewhere on Earth.
Many Native To Hawaii
The deeper the scientists looked, the more endemic fish they found. In shallow reef areas, only around 1 in 6 of the different kinds of fish is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Below 230 feet, more than half of the kind of fish the scientists saw were endemic.
The deeper scientists look, the more endemic fish they find. In shallow reef areas, only about one-sixth of the species of fish endemic to the Hawaiian Islands are found. Below 230 feet, more than half of the fish scientists saw were endemic.
The difference was particularly striking in deep reef areas off the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. There, every type of fish the scientists saw is found only in Hawaii.
This difference is particularly pronounced in the deep reef areas of the northwest hawaiian islands. There, every fish scientist saw was found only in Hawaii.
The amount of fish endemism is "astonishing,” said scientist Randall Kosaki. Hawaii's deep reefs have more endemic fish than anywhere else on Earth.
Scientist Randall Kosaki says the numbers endemic to the fish are "staggering." Hawaii's deep-sea reefs have more endemic fish than anywhere else on earth.
Man And Machine
The study faced one big problem. Hawaii’s deep reefs are too far down for ordinary divers to reach.
The study faces a big problem. Hawaii's deep reefs are too deep for the average diver to reach.
The scientists solved that problem by combining different approaches. They used sonar, or sound waves, to map the seabed. They towed cameras underneath boats and sent remote-control cameras down to the bottom.
Scientists have solved this problem by combining different methods. They use sonar or sound waves to map the seabed. They dragged the camera under the boat and sent the remote camera to the bottom of the boat.
They also sent down divers who used special rebreather systems that let them stay under longer. The divers explored alongside submersible vessels. These are something like submarines.
“Free-swimming divers and submersibles don’t often work side-by-side,” said Richard Pyle, leader of the study. “Submersibles can go much deeper and stay much longer," he said. However, divers are much better at doing experiments and collecting samples. "Combining both together on the same dives allowed us to achieve tasks that could not have been performed by either technology alone.”
Richard Pyle, who led the study, said: "Freestyle divers and submersibles usually don't work side by side. "The submersible can dive deeper and stay longer," he said. However, divers do a better job of experimenting and taking samples. "In the same dive, bringing the two together allows us to accomplish tasks that no technology can accomplish alone.
Sadly, Shallow Reefs Are In Deep Trouble
The deep reefs could help us protect our oceans, the scientists say.
Scientists say deep reefs can help us protect the oceans.
Shallow reefs are being rapidly destroyed by water pollution and various human activities. The fish that depend on them are dying out too. Perhaps deep coral reefs could serve as a refuge for these fish. The reefs could give them another way to find food and shelter.
Shallow reefs are being rapidly destroyed by water pollution and various human activities. Fish that depend on them are also going extinct. Perhaps deep coral reefs could serve as a refuge for these fish. Coral reefs can provide them with another way to find food and shelter.
Hawaii's deep reefs provide us with a chance to help protect ocean life, said scientist Kimberly Puglise. We must make sure we do not destroy them as well, she said.
Scientist Kimberly Puglis says Hawaii's deep reefs offer us an opportunity to protect marine life. "We have to make sure we don't destroy them," she said. ”
News Background:
Recently, the "Deep Sea Finder" dive probe conducted a seabed survey of the PapaHanau Moquakia National Marine Sanctuary in Hawaii, sending back a large number of real-time images to truly present the mysterious underwater world. The dive detector reaches 4,829 meters below sea level, and a small long-range camera is shown following the dive probe.
The Deep Sea Finder dive probe provides a large number of photographs of strange creatures on the ocean floor, as shown in the picture, which are mushroom corals found 2,000 meters below sea level.
Through the discovery of deep-sea corals, humans realized that in addition to the common shallow-sea corals, there are also corals in the deep sea in some areas as long as there is enough light. And there are more species of life in these deep-sea corals than in the average coral. Through discoveries, new possibilities have been made available for the protection of marine and seabed life.