The appreciation and conservation management of rhododendrons is worth collecting
Mr. Hanaki
Rhododendron is one of the top ten famous flowers in China, and there are about 900 species of rhododendrons in the world. China is the country with the largest distribution of rhododendrons, about 530 species, rhododendrons have a wide variety of flowers, gorgeous flowers, flowers, leaves and beauty, ground planting, potted plants are suitable, is one of the common potted plants in the family, especially during the Spring Festival, azaleas are hot products in the flower market, many people will buy several pots, display living room window sills, increase the festive atmosphere, but many friends complain that azaleas are very difficult to raise, especially in the north, after buying back from the flower shop, the flowers bloom brightly, the branches are luxuriant, but after a short time will gradually wither and die, then, Why is this happening? Hua Mujun will introduce you to the cultivation management and appreciation of rhododendrons, hoping to help flower friends.
Rhododendron simsii Planch.), also known as mountain heel, mountain pomegranate, and mountain red, is an evergreen, deciduous or semi-deciduous shrub or tree of the Rhododendron family Rhododendron family, and is commonly used in the market as evergreen shrubs. The plant is glabrous or covered with various coats or scales. The leaves are evergreen or deciduous, semi-deciduous, alternate, fully margined, rare and inconspicuous small teeth. Flower buds are scaled by most morphologically variable size buds. The color of the flowers is red, purple, yellow, white, pink, blue and other colors, small to large, usually arranged in an umbrella-shaped total, shaped or short total inflorescence, rare single flowers, usually apical, rarely axillary; most seeds, small, spindle-shaped, with membranous thin wings, or seeds with obvious or inconspicuous fin-like wings at both ends, or wingless but with narrow or tail-like appendages at both ends. The natural flowering period is from March to May, and the fruit period is from June to August.
Rhododendron is widely distributed in China, except for Xinjiang and Ningxia, all provinces and regions are distributed. Southeast Tibet, southwestern Sichuan, and northwestern Yunnan are the most concentrated production areas, accounting for more than 100 species, and Yunnan alone accounts for more than half of the national varieties. Due to different ecological environments, they have their own living habits and shapes. The smallest plants are only a few centimeters tall, cushion-shaped, and grow close to the ground. The largest is several feet tall, standing majestically and spectacularly. Rhododendrons are divided into two main categories: deciduous and evergreen. Deciduous leaves are small and evergreen leaves are large. It grows at altitudes of 1000–1400 m on hillsides, alpine meadows, forest edges, stone walls and marshlands.
Rhododendron has a long history of cultivation in China, and was artificially cultivated at the latest in the Han Dynasty. The origin of the name of the azalea is said to be that after the death of the ancient Shu king (Wangdi) Du Yu, he turned into a rhododendron bird, cried out at night, tears and blood, fell on the flower, dyed the flower red, and turned into a red rhododendron. In addition, the cuckoo bird has a red stripe on the corner of its mouth, just like a drop of blood. Hence the name, of course, this is just a legend. The scientific reason for rhododendron red is that the cell fluid of rhododendrons contains an anthocyanin that is changed from glucose. When anthocyanins are acidic, rhododendrons appear red. When it is alkaline, the flowers appear blue.
Regarding the poems of azaleas, the ancients have many descriptions, such as the poem Xian Li Bai's "Xuancheng Sees Azaleas": "The Shu Kingdom once heard of the zi rules birds, and Xuancheng also saw azaleas." One called one ileum and one broken, three springs and three months remember three bars. Bai Juyi's: "The Jiujiang March cuckoo came, and a sound destroyed the flowers." Idle folding two branches in the hand, a closer look does not seem to exist in the world. In the flower, this thing is Xi Shi, hibiscus peony medicine are all concubines. ", comparing the cuckoo to Xi Shi, and the hibiscus peony has become an ugly mother-in-law.
Song Dynasty poet Yang Wanli's "Azalea": "Why should the famous garden look at the spring wind, and the mountain flowers along the way do not live up to the nong." Every day, the Jinjiang River is in the shape of a brocade, and the Qingxi Reflects the Red Of the Mountains. Later, people also called the cuckoo yingshan red. As for the poems describing cuckoos, the author believes that the most representative one should be Li Shangyin's "Jinse" of Li Shangyin, who was famous for writing love poems in the Tang Dynasty:
Jinser unprovoked fifty strings, one string and one pillar Sihua Nian.
Zhuang Sheng Xiao dreamed of butterflies, and wangdi chunxin trusted the cuckoo.
There are tears in the pearls of the sea and the moon, and the warm jade smoke of the blue field.
This can be a memory, but it was already confused at the time.
The poem is neat and tidy, affectionate, tossing and turning, poignant, both high artistic appeal, is a representative work of describing love, often sung, which uses the allusion of the ancient Shu Emperor crying blood.
Rhododendron has been loved by people since ancient times, and a wide variety of resources, there is no careful classification of botany in China, if you want to introduce it in detail, I am afraid that you need a thick book to roughly explain clearly, Huamujun is mainly for the commodity rhododendron potted plants on the market, briefly introduce the precautions for cultivation management.
Rhododendron is roughly divided into spring crane, spring and summer crane, summer crane and western crane according to the flowering period. The varieties that bloom in spring are called spring cranes, which are divided into two kinds: large-leaf large flowers and small-leaved small flowers; those that bloom in June are called summer cranes; those that bloom in June are called spring and summer cranes; and those imported from the west are listed as a separate category called Western Azaleas, referred to as Western Cranes. The rhododendron sold in the flower market, most of which belongs to the west azalea, is a Chinese rhododendron and European rhododendron through anti-complex cross-breeding, its plant is low, the branches are tight, the leaves are small, and the four seasons are evergreen, through pruning and tying, you can also make various styles of stump bonsai, which is simple and elegant, more stylish.
【Growing environment】The living environment of rhododendron prefers cool, moist and ventilated semi-shade environment, which is afraid of both heat and cold, and the growth temperature is 12 °C to 25 °C, and the summer temperature exceeds 35 °C, then the new shoots and new leaves grow slowly and are in a semi-dormant state. The western crane has the weakest cold resistance, and the temperature drops below 0 °C and is prone to frost damage. Therefore, pay attention when cultivating.
【Soil】 This is a necessary condition for cultivating rhododendrons, and it is also the main cause of the death of many rhododendrons. Rhododendron requires loose, fertile, rich humus, acidic sandy loam soil is appropriate, and should not accumulate water, otherwise it is not conducive to the normal growth of rhododendron. In practice, the perennial rotten pine needles are used, with a small amount of mountain soil, slightly added cake fertilizer and insecticide powder to stir into the pot, so that the pot soil often maintains "fertility" and fewer harmful insects.
【Light humidity】Rhododendron belongs to semi-shade plants, afraid of strong light, so it should be fully shaded in summer, 80% of the sun in spring and autumn, and full light in winter. Rhododendron likes to be wet, the humidity requirements are slightly higher, so it is often necessary to spray the leaves to create a humid small environment, but to strengthen ventilation, poor ventilation, will cause rhododendron to breed bacteria.
Watering is also a key factor for cuckoos, and many people water them to death. The average person has a drowning love festival for flowers, just buy back will continue to water, only afraid of plant lack of water, do not know that many plants died prematurely. The same is true of rhododendrons, who like to be wet and afraid of waterlogging, and the watering principle is "not dry and not watered, but watered thoroughly". On the basis of loose and breathable soil, water once a day in spring and autumn, increase the amount of watering in summer, twice a day, morning and evening watering, reduce the number of watering in winter, observe the soil condition, generally once every two or three days (indoor maintenance).
【Fertilization】 Rhododendron likes fertilizer, but fertilization is very exquisite, to thin fertilizer diligent application, spring can be diluted alum fertilizer water or cake fertilizer water, applied every 10 days, to promote the growth of branches and leaves; summer is strictly forbidden to fertilize; autumn with diluted potassium dihydrogen phosphate, fertilization every half a month to promote the growth of plant buds; in winter, if indoors, the temperature is higher, you can fertilize once a month before the buds are formed, and the concentration is halved than in spring and autumn. In addition, the roots can be watered with a small amount of ferrous sulfate or a dilution to improve the soil pH.
【Propagation】 Commonly used cuttings and striping method of propagation, the family recommends using the high-altitude pressing method, carried out in the spring, select 2 annual mature branches, use a sharp knife at 15 to 20 cm from the top for ring peeling, ring width 1.5 cm, wrapped with plastic film, stuffed with moss or saprophyll soil, and kept moist, about 4 to 5 months to heal and root, the root system can be cut down directly potted.
【Pruning】Rhododendrons grow rapidly, so they should be properly pruned in spring and autumn. Mainly prune diseased branches, dead branches, over-dense branches, long branches, delicate branches, etc., in addition, in order to azaleas flowering and cutting the flowering period is long, you can pick hearts, peel buds, wipe buds, reduce excessive consumption of nutrients, so that the rhododendron bonsai is beautiful and the flowers are bright.
【Pests and diseases】The common diseases of Rhododendron are brown mold disease and root rot, which can be sprayed with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1500 times liquid or 50% methyl tolbuzin wettable powder 1000 times liquid. Insect infestations are susceptible to red spiders in summer and autumn. It can be sprayed with 40% Lego emulsion 1500 times liquid. Rhododendron xanthophylla disease, mainly because rhododendron is acidic and alkali-afraid, and the soil is caused by long-term watering tap water (mainly in the north), which can be improved with ferrous sulfate.
2017-11-25 Easy to flower wood