1. Small salary A
1. Harmful symptoms
A single fruit is not harmed, and only two adjacent fruits are endangered when squeezed together. The injured consequence surface appears like a needle tip size hole, the epidermal cells of the fruit surface form a wood-embolized tissue, bulging into scabs, and there are obvious small holes after victimization, while the pulp under the epidermis is hard, and the taste is poor and has no commodity value.
2. Prevention and control methods
It is necessary to reduce the occurrence of small salaries in the East from the source. In winter, the garden is completely cleared, and the wing skin is scraped and burned intensively. In mid-May, when the kiwi blossoms are opened, the insecticides are sprayed twice in a row, generally once every 10-15 days. Choose 40% good labor or 40% Anminle emulsion l500 times + 25% Jinlix emulsion 7500 times liquid + soft water through 4000 times liquid (and also treat brown spot disease). It can also be temporarily used with 2.5% insect race dead emulsion 2000-3000 times liquid + soft water through 4000 times liquid.
Second, mulberry white borer
Also known as mulberry white shield borer, mulberry shield borer, mulberry shell worm, peach shell worm and so on. Mulberry white borers belong to the order Homoptera, insects of the family Shieldworm.
The insect is mainly female adult and male nymph clustered on the branch of the plant, with a stinging mouthpiece to absorb cortical nutrients, when the harm is severe, it can be seen to secrete white wax powder, and the surface of the branches is covered with gray and white shells. Occasionally, it is harmful on fruits and leaves. The affected branches show that the buds are sharp and thin, and the leaves are small and yellow, and finally fall off.
In severe cases, the shell overlaps densely, making the surface of the branches uneven, the light weakens the tree, and the heavy ones kill the whole plant.
(1) Eliminate wintering female insects: during the dormancy period of fruit trees, brush off the overwintering female insects on the branches with a wire brush, cut off the severely damaged branches and burn them, and spray mineral oil.
(2) Adjust the density of branches and strengthen the pruning of whole branches.
(3) Pharmaceutical control: Try to choose to control before the high incidence of mesophyll nymphs has not yet produced a wax layer or powder layer. At the beginning of the occurrence, 40% methyl vitamin salt chlorpyrifos EW can be used for prevention, and chlorpyrifos in the emulsion dosage form should not be selected to avoid drug harm; in the middle and late stages, it is recommended to use 240g/L spironoid ethyl ester SC3000 times (with auxiliary hasten).
Third, grasshoppers
Generation by year, eggs and hatching nymphs overwinter in the soil at the base of the trunk. From late February to early March, nymphs go up trees to harm young shoots and shoots, secrete white wax powder on the body, and turn into adults after molting their skin three times. Male adults appear in early to mid-May. After the female and male adults have crossed their tails, the female adults descend the tree in mid-to-late June, first secrete white waxy egg sacs, and lay eggs in the sacs, with more than 100 eggs per sac. Female adults die in the soil after laying eggs. In Shaanxi, the harm was once serious, but it has occurred from time to time in recent years, and it has not caused serious harm.
Fourth, the large green leafhopper
Macrophyllum occurs in 3 generations a year and overwinters as eggs in crescent-shaped spawning marks on the host epidermis. In April of the following year, its eggs hatch, and the nymphs prefer to roost, and the nymphs suck the juice of young shoots and young leaves and lay eggs on young branches. Both adult and nymphs suck the host juice with a stinging mouthpiece. In May and June, the first generation of adult worms appeared. From July to August, a second generation of adult worms appears. Adults have phototropism, good at flying, jumping, and the damage period is generally 25 to 35 days. When the adult green leafhopper lays eggs, the epidermis of the branches is punctured with an egg layer to form a crescent-shaped upturn, and the eggs are laid in the branch cortex, resulting in dehydration of the branches, often causing winter and spring strips and the death of young trees. Seedlings and young trees die. Seedlings and young trees are more severely affected. Usually, the leaves appear transparent round holes, which are damaged by the damage and the leaf expands to form holes, and the holes expand as the leaves grow.
(1) It is best not to plant autumn vegetables near young tree gardens and nursery fields, or to plant autumn vegetables in appropriate places to trap adult insects and prevent laying eggs on trees. Intermediate crops should be dominated by those with earlier harvest periods, and vegetables and other crops with late harvest periods should be avoided.
(2) Reasonable fertilization. Organic fertilizer or organic inorganic biological fertilizer is the mainstay, but nitrogen fertilizer is not applied in excess to promote the timely growth and maturity of the trunk and the branches of the year, and improve the insect resistance of the tree.
(3) Set up black lights at summer nights and use their phototropism to trap adult insects.
(4) 1 to 2 years old young trees, before the adults lay overwintering eggs, wrap the trunk with plastic film bags, or use (1:50) (1:100) lime water to dry and spray branches to prevent adults from laying eggs.
(5) Serious orchards can be selected for spray control of 2.5% insect dead emulsion l500 times, 20% atropole 2000 times, 40% Anmin Le emulsion l000 times + soft water through 4000 times mixed liquid whole garden spray control. Generally, the interval is 7 to 10 days, and the spray is 2 to 3 times in a row to eliminate the adult insects that migrate.
5. Scarab beetles
There are more than 10 kinds of scarab beetles in kiwifruit, including brown scarabs, small blue and white scarabs, small green scarabs, white star scarabs, spotted golden scarabs, black and green golden scarabs, North China large black gills golden beetles (Korean large black gills golden scarabs), black gill golden beetles, Hua A gill scarabs, spotless arc scarabs, Hua arc li scarabs and patina scarabs, apple-haired golden scarabs, etc.
Both larvae and adults are harmful to plants and have a very heterogeneous diet, eating almost all plant species. Adults eat the leaves, flowers, buds, young fruits and shoots of the plant, while the larvae nibble on the plant's root bark and young roots. Symptoms of harm are irregular absences and holes. Delicious kiwifruit varieties such as Qin Mei have hair, and scarab beetles do not like to eat, and the victims are lighter. When the scarab beetle is abundant in the upper part of the ground, it does not move to fly, eats at night, and hides in the ground during the day.
(1) Remove weeds in and around the orchard and apply fully decomposed farm manure.
(2) During the occurrence of adult insects, use black light lamps and frequency vibration insecticidal lamps to trap them; or in the period of concentrated damage of adult insects, use sweet and sour liquid to trap them, the ratio of sweet and sour is 3 to 5:1, and a small amount of insecticides such as enemy insects is dripped;
(3) Initial stage: the ground is sprinkled with chlorpyrifos granules to kill the grubs, and the foliar spray kills 2.5% cypermethrin emulsion 2000 times liquid, 2.5% green kung fu emulsion 2000 times liquid or 10% bromocyanosamide.
6. Bugs
The bugs that harm kiwifruit include vegetable bugs, hemp skin bugs, two star bugs, tea wing bugs, guang er star bugs, spotted bugs, small long bugs and so on. These pests are characterized by odor glands that emit a pungent odor when caught. All are sucking mouthpieces that suck up the sap of plants for a living. The worm is gregarious. Adult nymphs can be harmful.
The sites of harm are the leaves, flowers, buds, fruits and shoots of plants. After the organization is victimized. Local cells stop growing, tissues dry out into scars, indurations, depressions; local discoloration and loss of photosynthetic function of leaves, and fruit loses its commodity value.
(1) Remove dead leaves and weeds in winter, scrape the bark, and fertilize or burn.
(2) Using the pseudo-death and chemotacticity of adult insects, artificial hunting or setting up sweet and sour liquid booby traps at the peak of their activities.
(3) In the late autumn and early winter of the year of the occurrence, when the adult insects look for gaps and drill into the buildings with higher temperatures to prepare for the winter, the fixed point is fortified brick stacks, the brick stacks try to heat up, add sweet and sour enticing agents, apply stickworm sticker stickers to the brick cracks, and stick to catch overwintering adult insects to reduce the base of the insect mouth in the following year.
(4) During the hazard period, pay attention to the use of bugs in the early morning do not like the characteristics of spraying prevention and control. You can choose 20% Atropili Emulsion 3000 times, or 2.5% Worm Dead Emulsion 2000-3000 times, or Ruigong Water Emulsion 3000~4000 times + Soft Water Pass 4000 times Mixed Liquid Spray Control in the whole park.
7. Leaf mites
The leaf mites that harm kiwifruit mainly include hawthorn leaf mites, apple leaf mites, diplodont leaf mites, cinnabar leaf mites, ovate short-whisker mites and so on. Leaf mites are small, red or brown.
It often attaches to buds, shoots, flowers, buds, leaf backs and young fruits, and uses its sucking mouthparts to draw the sap of the plant. The victim site shows small spots of yellow-white to gray-white green loss, and in severe cases, the green spots are connected into pieces, and finally scorched and peeled off. Adult mites and mites can be harmful. Mites reproduce quickly, from several to dozens of generations a year.
(1) Combined with the winter garden, sweep the fallen leaves and fruits, remove the diseases and insect branches and vines and burn them in a concentrated manner or bury them deeply.
(2) Pay attention to the use of natural enemies to suppress the outbreak of leaf mites, through the orchard grass day or help migrate mite ladybugs, small flower bugs, insectivorous blind bugs, grass dragonflies, thrips, hidden winged nails, predatory mites, etc., to treat mites with insects. Use topical drugs to protect natural enemies, reduce the amount of pesticides used, and reduce insect pests.
(3) Chemical control: before flowering, use 20% mite dead net emulsion 2000 times liquid, or 15% pyridoxine wettable powder Qi U2000 ~ 3000 times liquid, or 1.8% avermectin emulsion 3000 ~ 4000 times soft water through 4000 times mixed liquid; after flowering and summer, you can choose 1.8% avermectin emulsion 3000 ~ 4000 times.
Eighth, the ground tiger
There are many types of ground tigers, and the harm of small ground tigers is the most common. The larvae endanger unexplained and newly unearthed kiwi seedlings and often bite off from the ground. If the main stem hardens after the seedlings emerge, they can also bite the growth points and young roots, causing the death of the whole plant or affecting normal growth. Ground tigers occur in 3 to 5 generations in a year, with the most severe harm in April to May, pupating in May to June, and generally overwintering in the soil with pupae or old mature larvae.
(1) Remove weeds, when ploughing the land deeply, release poultry to catch insects.
(2) Artificially capture the larvae, in the early morning around the fracture or along the remaining branches and leaves of the cave, the soil is pulled apart by 3 to 5 cm, looking for larvae to kill.
(3) In orchards or nurseries with serious harm, before the local tiger activity period, 40% Anmin Le emulsion or 40% good labor emulsion 400 ~ 50 Hao liquid is used to water the whole garden, and its effect is good.
(4) Poison bait booby trap: Before the seedlings are unearthed, use tender, juicy, dry-resistant grass, sorrels, spin flowers, etc., and cut into 3 to 4 cm pieces. Mix 95% of the enemy insects 500 to 800 times the liquid, and sprinkle it evenly in the garden in the evening, or sprinkle it in small piles in the field to trap and kill.
IX. Caddisflies
Mainly nibble on young leaves, bite off the seedlings, so that the whole plant dies.
Living habits and harmful symptoms: adults and nymphs harm the roots of kiwi seedlings and young stems close to the ground, and the affected parts are uneven filamentous defects, often causing the seedlings to die; it also endangers the seeds that have just been sown. Adults and larvae often move on the surface, drilling into many crisscrossing pores, separating the seedling roots from the soil, and wilting and dying after sun exposure. Hazard period diurnal and nocturnal, generally 21:00 ~ 23:00 for the peak of activity feeding in March to April to start activities, April to May is the peak of harm, May to June laying eggs hatching, the second half of the winter began to overwinter, to spring and autumn two seasons more active. It appears after rain and after irrigation, which is a good time for manual capture.
(1) Remove weeds, deep plough the land, combine irrigation, artificial capture.
(2) Take advantage of its phototropism to carry out light booby-traps during the peak of night activities; where the power supply is convenient, black light can be set up in a large area to booby trap.
(3) If the seedbed finds a worm road, a little waste engine oil and kerosene can be dripped at the mouth of the road, and then water is poured, and the slugs immediately crawl out of death.
(4) Poison bait booby trap, with crushed stir-fried vegetable cakes or peanuts, mixed with 90% enemy insects 50 times liquid, sprinkled around the plant or on the ground in the evening to trap; in severe cases, 40% Anmin Le emulsion or 40% good labor emulsion 400 ~ 500 times liquid watering treatment in the whole garden.
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