#头条创作挑战赛 #
The London-based Daily Telegraph called her "the world's greatest war correspondent," but more people took note of Martha Gailhorn because she was the third wife of the great writer Ernest Hemingway.
Martha Gaylehorn
The world has even prepared an inscription for her tombstone: the wife of the literary hero Hemingway.
But Martha didn't want to be a footnote to someone, but to be the master of her own life.
Destined to be extraordinary girlish
Martha Gaylehorn, born into a German-Jewish family, grew up in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. Martha's parents are middle-class intellectuals and the atmosphere of the whole family is very nice. Parents encourage children to participate in the conversation and to have their own independent thinking and opinions. This "special" childhood made Martha a child with a personality from an early age, she was aggressive and strong, and was considered by her classmates to be a "very reliable" but not likable person.
Martha Gaylehorn
In 1926, at the age of 18, Martha enrolled at Bryn Mawr College in Philadelphia and began writing literature. Three years later, the assertive Martha chose to take a break from school. The immutable life at school was not for her, and Martha seemed to have been able to see her life after graduation, getting married, having children, and then being trapped in the family to run the housework.
Martha Gaylehorn
Martha doesn't want to be trapped in a small world, she wants to go out and see the world. But at the beginning of the 20th century, women were not welcome in public. The American writer Rebecca Sonny once mentioned in "The Song of Wandering: A History of Walking": "The presence of women in public is often stigmatized, and women who violate sexual norms are said to be wandering, wandering, strolling — all of these words imply that women's travel has sexual connotations... It means that they walk to get attention. "So if Martha wants to go out, she may get the support of a small number of people, but she will be vilified and slandered by more people." But Martha didn't back down, and after leaving school, she joined The New Republic magazine as a journalist.
Martha's career as a journalist
Many people thought that the beautiful Martha would become a broadcast reporter, but no one expected that she would always fight on the front line. During the Great Depression in the United States, Martha was commissioned by Harry Hopkins, the director of the Federal Relief Agency, to go to various places to understand and report on the living conditions of the people. Her collection of reports, "The People's Hardship Chronicles," not only influenced the policies of the White House, but also gained the friendship of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt.
Eleanor Roosevelt
In the spring of 1930, Martha came to Paris, France, with two suitcases, to work as a foreign correspondent for the Associated Press. She lived in cheap hotels to cover in depth, write columns, and even start her own creative career. Also in Paris, during an interview, Martha met her first husband, the French economist Bertrand de Euphne.
Martha, 22, fell in love with the French gentleman, and the two of them soon fell in love. But after the two emerge from their honeymoon, they find that the foundation of the marriage is wrong, and Bertrand can't stand his wife's strong personality. In the society at that time, almost every woman was a vassal of her husband, but Martha was not, she was independent, strong and tough, and did not give in to her own interests. She was definitely not a little woman who was willing to snuggle in her husband's arms and beg for his protection, and Martha had always been an eagle soaring independently. The marriage lasted only two years before falling apart, not only men did not like it, but even the women of the time did not understand Martha, Bertrand's stepmother once said of Martha: "This woman is simply the devil in hell." ”
Martha Gaylehorn
Careers see no prospects, and emotions are traumatized, leaving Martha physically and mentally exhausted. She thought for a long time whether she would stay in this land. Finally Martha decided to leave France and embark on a steamer back to New York. She told a friend: "I've been hungry for a long time and I need the passion and energy to live. ”
Fateful encounters
In 1934, Martha returned to the United States and continued her work in journalism. The following year, Martha's novel The Problem I See made her famous. Martha proved to be more suitable for news writing than literary creation, and her books exposing the lives of people in the Great Depression in the United States were far more popular than the literary works she created. Because of this book, the little famous Martha met the famous Ernest Hemingway on her trip with her family. The two are said to have fallen in love at first sight at a bar called Slopppy Joe's on Key West, Florida.
Martha Gaylehorn and Hemingway
The 28-year-old Martha has blonde hair and blue eyes, and her perennial exercise has also made her slender, slender and powerful. At this time, Hemingway was 37 years old, in his prime. Two people with the same literary attainments and tough personalities at first sight. They drank wine while discussing literature and writing. The opponent will meet the talent, or the writer will meet his own muse, the two of them are so tacit, Martha's smile makes Hemingway so intoxicated, let him involuntarily fall in love with the attractive woman in front of him.
At this time, Luo Shi did not have a husband, but Hemingway already had a loving wife Pauline.
Second wife Pauline Pfeiffer
With all due respect, even though Hemingway was a great writer, he was a complete scumbag in his love life. From an ordinary family, after marrying his first wife, Hadley Richardson, who was 8 years older than him, he relied on her inheritance to concentrate on writing. But when he became famous, he abandoned Hadley and joined Pauline Pfeiffer, the editor of the fashion magazine Vogue. Hadley gave everything for her husband after marriage and became a yellow-faced woman, while Pauline was a fan of Hemingway's books, who was fashionably dressed and wealthy.
Hemingway with his first wife Hadley
So the third party succeeded in ascending to the throne, and Hemingway abandoned his wife and married the third party. The second wife, Pauline, did not get a good ending, she gave birth to two children for Hemingway, and even did not hesitate to make plastic surgery to meet Hemingway's aesthetic. But just because Hemingway met Martha, she was about to become an ex-wife.
A combination in the smoke of war
In 1936, when the Spanish Civil War broke out, Hemingway was invited to Spain to report on the war. And here he meets Martha again. This pretty girl tied her hair, revealing her slender neck. She carried only a backpack and held a notebook in her hand to describe what she had seen and heard. "She seems to be more beautiful." Hemingway could not help but think that this maverick woman deeply attracted the heart of the prodigal son, and he encouraged Martha to write reports according to her own will, so Martha described the smallness of ordinary people under the fire of war, the fragility and withering of life; Depicts the wailing wounded in the hospital and the homeless children... Her peers criticized Martha for lacking the objectivity of the news, but the public liked her because her reports revealed the cruelty of war and resonated with many.
Martha and Hemingway
When Hemingway saw Martha walking through the rubble without regard for her safety, he couldn't help but exclaim to the people around him: "This is the bravest woman I have ever seen." ”
This life of mutual affection has made their love and their careers at the same time. Martha became a well-known war correspondent with live reports, while Hemingway wrote the novel "For Whom the Death Knell Tolls" set against the backdrop of war.
Martha and Hemingway
After the Spanish Civil War, Hemingway returned home and quickly dumped Pauline, and on November 20, 1940, married Martha in Wyoming, USA. One journalist called their union" "the combination of tough steel and flintstone" because both men were known for their fiery temperament and perseverance. Some good people even speculate at the beginning of the marriage that the tip of the knife will last for how many years the marriage to Mai Mang will last.
Abandon Hemingway
After marriage, as usual, it is a warm and peaceful life. Soon after, Martha received an invitation from Corrier Weekly to travel to China to cover the War of Resistance Against Japan. Hemingway wanted to go on a honeymoon, but under the cajoling of Martha's "just treat this trip as a honeymoon", he accompanied his wife to China.
Martha and Hemingway in China, Chongqing, 1941
During this trip, Martha not only interviewed Kuomintang politicians such as Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Mei-ling in Chongqing, but even met Zhou Enlai. In her memoirs, Martha praised Premier Zhou Enlai: "I was so captivated by this charismatic man! Even Hemingway said: "The Kuomintang has no hope, after the war, the Communist Party will take power in China!" " words.
Martha and Hemingway
After returning to the United States from China, the honeymoon period between the two ended quickly. Hemingway, like Ye Gonghaolong, likes women who are as strong, hardworking, and competitive as himself. But after marriage, his requirements for his wife became obedient, taking care of the housework, so that he had no worries.
Obviously, Martha is not such a woman at all, she is not willing to dedicate herself to the family for her husband, she is not willing to be a wife who pleases her husband in exchange for pity, she insists on being busy with her career, separated from her husband, wherever there is war, there is her presence. Martha once said, "Wherever the war is, I will go." "Journalists are no longer a profession for her, but a lifelong career.
Martha Gaylehorn
Hemingway never thought his marriage would be like this, this woman was clearly what he loved, but why did his life become a mess? The room was a mess that no one paid attention to, and when he was drunk with his friends, no one cared, and during that time, Hemingway relied on drinking to relieve his pain. He was an alcoholic, making trouble, and keeping a flock of ferocious male cats at home. A great battle broke out between the two of them, and Hemingway woke marsa up while she was sleeping, shouting, satirizing her work, intimidating and beating her. Not to be outdone, Martha crashed his expensive Lincoln car and castrated all his cats.
Martha and Hemingway
In such a deformed marriage, both were hurt. The macho Hemingway wants to be the master of the family, while the independent and strong Martha is determined not to allow others to manipulate her life. The two fought all over the body, but licked each other's wounds after the emotional head... This painful marriage finally died out at the Battle of Normandy.
Before deciding to go to Normandy, Martha wrote a letter to Hemingway explaining her behavior, writing: "If I hadn't been through all this I would have come back, and I would have been useless to you... If I had just built a luxurious stone wall for the manor and sat in it, you wouldn't have loved me at all..." But Hemingway did not see through the affection hidden by his wife, and the letter aroused his desire to win or lose, and he decided to go to Europe and witness the Battle of Normandy with his own eyes. As America's most famous writer, he immediately occupied a limited number of war correspondents, while Martha lost her qualification to witness history.
Martha Gaylehorn
An enraged Martha sneaks onto a boat bound for Normandy, where she hides in one of the toilets. Martha spent the night in the bathroom, but fortunately no one noticed her. In this way, this heroic lady risked losing her press card to the front line of the war. Her husband, Hemingway, missed the interview because of a car accident. While Martha braved the hail of bullets and bullets to go to the front, Hemingway sent a telegram: "Are you a war correspondent, or a wife who sleeps with me?" ”
Martha replied, "I'm a war correspondent. ”
As a result, Martha completely lost faith in the marriage. She has her own pride, she thinks that she and Hemingway are heart-to-heart, but she did not expect that the two have become the thorns in each other's eyes and thorns in the flesh.
Martha Gaylehorn
In 1945, at the end of the war, Martha signed a document giving up all marital property and fled to Africa. This was the only experience of Hemingway's four marriages being abandoned by a woman, and the macho Hemingway could not accept such a reality at all. Hemingway, like a madman, wrote a poem scolding her, saying: "There are thousands of maids in the world named Martha, and they are so willing to obey orders. ”
Ernest hemingway
In comparison, Martha is more personable, and every time she is interviewed, she has only one request: not to mention Hemingway. Many years later, in Martha's autobiography, My Journey with Another Man, she wrote: My life is not anyone's footnote.
A woman in the midst of war
After divorcing Hemingway, Martha continued to roam the battlefield. She witnessed Indonesia's war against dutch colonists; She also experienced the process of the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948; Before she left Israel, she was on the front lines of the first Middle East war.
Martha Gaylehorn
After the death of her mother, Martha made her home, moving from Cuba to Italy, mexico, Kenya and eventually to England. In 1954, Martha entered her third marriage, marrying Tom Matthews, the editor-in-chief of Time magazine, but the marriage lasted only 9 years.
After the divorce, Martha continued to devote herself to her career, and she traveled to Saigon to cover the Vietnam War. Because she had seen too many tragic experiences of civilians in the war, her reports carried anger at the invaders and sympathy for the poor under the smoke of war. She wrote in the report: "I see people who have lived in this lovely land for generations, being slaughtered. Is it the glory of a great nation that I have seen the aggressors waging war in a land thousands of miles away from their peaceful homeland? ”
Martha Gaylehorn
Because of her accusations against the invaders, the American newspaper The Guardian refused to publish her report, and when she asked to return to Vietnam, they refused to issue Martha's passport.
Still fighting on the front lines in her 70s, Martha traveled to Nicaragua and El Salvador, where she interviewed the poor and wrote an editorial attacking the Reagan administration's Central American policies. In 1989, at the age of 81, Martha was still carrying her bags and running to the front lines of reports of the U.S. invasion of Panama. The environment of the battlefield was indeed too harsh for an old man in her eighties, and her body was greatly damaged. During the 1992 Bosnian War, Martha said to her assistant regretfully: "It seems that I am really old and can no longer go to the front." ”
Martha Gaylehorn
Her last reporting was in 1995, when Martha traveled to Brazil to write an analysis of the poverty situation in the area. At this time, her cataracts were already very serious, and she could not see the manuscript clearly, so she had to rely on her assistant to type and proofread.
In February 1998, Martha Gailhorn committed suicide at the age of 90 after taking cyanide capsules due to vision loss and ovarian cancer spreading to the liver.
Martha Gaylehorn
In 1961, Hemingway, afflicted by illness, ended his life with a shotgun. And Martha also committed suicide with poison because of illness, and it is not sad that these two evenly matched couples chose the same way to end their lives.
Martha had only been Mrs. Hemingway for 5 years, but it took her 50 years to wash away the title that was a humiliation for her. When she was on the front lines, people still praised her as the "female version of Hemingway", thinking that she was as tough as Hemingway. But I felt that although it was also a suicide ending, Martha was clearly stronger than Hemingway. Like Haruki Murakami's judgment of Fitzgerald and Hemingway, he believes that Fitzgerald is even greater, because in the last years of his life, despite repeated expressions of disappointment in life, he refused to give up hope until the end. The same is true of Martha, when she was still on the front line at the age of 80, why should we pull her with Hemingway? Her death was not a despair of life, but because her body did not allow her to continue the life she wanted, she chose to leave.
Martha Gaylehorn
Martha Gelhorn, a great war correspondent. Soar freely all your life, unfettered, unconstrained by external objects, and concentrate on the goal. She was never an appendage of Hemingway, she was herself, just herself.