Text | History of Nanke
Edited by | Nanke
He was the culprit who led to the failure of the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression campaign, the "sinner" of the Red Army's forced Long March, his blind command that insisted on going his own way and causing the Red Army to suffer heavy losses in the Battle of the Xiangjiang River, and the Red Army of 86,000 people was only 30,000 people left after this battle. What is the end result?
Long
We often say that without Chairman Mao there would be no new China, and it was the existence of Chairman Mao that gave rise to our present prosperity and prosperity, but those who know history know that chairman Mao had no command authority in the early days of the Red Army's Long March, because of the deliberate suppression of some people, and could only watch some people without military ability blindly command, such as Li De as we say today.
Reed's real name was Otto. Brian, a native of Munich, Germany, was hunted down by the Germans in 1926, escaped from prison for two years and fled to the Soviet Union, where he entered the Frunze Military Academy, where he met Bogu, who studied at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, who was a key figure who unconditionally supported Li De's arbitrary command.
Bogu
After graduating from the Frunze Military Academy, Li De worked in the Intelligence Department of the General Staff of the Red Army, and after the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee in January 1931, Wang Ming's "left-leaning" dogmatism began to inform the Party Central Committee, and Chairman Mao was excluded from the leadership of the Red Army.
On June 20, 1932, Wang Ming, in the name of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, sent a telegram to the Executive Committee of the Communist International, wanting the Comintern to send a professional military adviser to help the Red Army revolution, of course, this was not agreed by Chairman Mao and others.
Reed
In other words, Li De did not have any actual command authority in the Comintern, and to put it simply, Li De was not an officially certified adviser of the Comintern, only the right to suggest, not the right to command, if Wang Ming and Bogu had to use Li De, this is your own business, but the two did not listen to persuasion and directly pushed Li De to the position of "Emperor Taishang" of the Red Army.
Bogu's reason for doing this is very simple, because of Wang Ming's trust, Bogu became the head of the party at only 24 years old, refreshing the minimum age of communist leaders, of course, age is secondary, as long as you have extremely strong ability, this is beyond reproach, but Bogu not only does not have a strong military command ability, but also has very shallow qualifications, that is to say, nothing, know nothing about the agricultural movement and the military.
Li de Bogu
However, Bogu wanted to command the Red Army, but his own ability could not suppress those party members with deep qualifications and strong ability, so he came up with the idea of getting Li De to the Red Army and disguised him as a "professional adviser" sent by the Comintern, and even announced at the meeting that in order to ensure the safety of Li De's advisers, his name in China in the future could only be Li De.
This is a very good Bolshevik military scientist, with very rich experience in struggle, everyone must obey his command and make the road of the Red Army revolution easier to follow. Li De was just an ordinary soldier who had been in military school for a few years and fought street barricades for a few days, and Li De's arrival was completely bogu's selfish intentions.
When Li De was pushed by Bogu to the position of "supreme command", he was extremely satisfied with Li De's vanity, so that he himself thought that he was really a great military expert, and constantly began to command some of his own death, such as the Battle of Guangchang, and it was the defeat of this battle that made the CPC Central Committee begin to consider a major strategic shift.
In the Guangchang Campaign, the CPC Central Committee put forward: The best way to stabilize the Soviet zone is to actively carry out guerrilla warfare in the white zone and develop and expand the Soviet zone.
At the meeting, Chairman Mao directly pointed out that the Guangchang Campaign should be fought by guerrilla warfare, but Li De said to Chairman Mao: You will only have an old guerrilla strategy and have no use, at that time Chairman Mao has been emptied of the rights of Li Debogu and libogu, so he can only get angry, but in the end Li De rejected Chairman Mao's proposal to "lure the enemy deeper." The operational policy of "made the wrong policy of keeping the enemy out of the gates of the country, which led to the defeat of the Battle of the Square."
However, the defeat at the Battle of Li De Guangchang did not make Li De long-hearted, still insistent, and Bogu supported Li De unconditionally.
With the trust of the international signboard and Bogu, Li De never regarded himself as an outsider, arrogance and arrogance were not enough to describe him, he actually declared that Liu Bocheng was not worthy of being a staff officer, not even an ordinary staff officer, and when he saw that the soldiers did not give him a salute, he made a big fuss to pick up the soldiers who were cooking, let them see the courtesy, and kicked the pots and pans they cooked to the ground, which was all li De did.
Because Li De insisted on confronting the enemy hard, a series of big battles, vicious battles, and bitter battles continued, but there was not a single victory, and the Red Army even lost its hometown and could only be forced into the Long March, and when the Long March began, Li De began his demonization behavior again.
You have been forced to leave the base area, you must be lightly armed, you can not bring anything you can not bring, but Li De is like a big move, whether it is pots and pans or altar jars, all with, do not throw away, let Mr. Peng bluntly say: walking with a "coffin", which is like a war, but Li De can not listen to anyone's persuasion.
Originally, when crossing the Xiang River, the vanguard troops had already crossed the river and prepared strategic depth for the follow-up large troops, but because the large troops carried a large number of unnecessary things, the marching speed was extremely slow, and they could only walk more than ten kilometers a day, watching the enemy catch up with them and wrap them in dumplings.
Mr. Peng
At such a critical juncture for the Red Army, Li De was like killing the red eye, it would only make the Red Army rush upwards, it didn't matter how the Red Army's combat effectiveness was, and even more reluctant to throw away those altar jars and cans; if it were not for the heroic struggle of the vast number of commanders and fighters of the Red Army, the Red Army would really have been wiped out in the XiangJiang River, and in the bloody battle of five days and nights, the main force of the Red Army finally crossed the river smoothly, but lost more than fifty thousand Red Army troops, and the entire Xiang River was full of blood and corpses.
Li De stayed in China for a total of six years, and was the only foreigner to complete the Long March, but Li De's continuous command failures, so that the Red Army suffered heavy losses, the Zunyi Conference was held in 1935, at which everyone pointed out the problem of Li De's command mistakes, but Li De did not repent, believing that his command was correct, and put the responsibility on others, even if Li De was cunning, but still was revoked command.
Zunyi Meeting
After Li De came to China, he was chaotic in command, and he was also extremely frivolous in the treatment of women, whether it was the daughter of the people or a warrior or a relative of the leader, as long as he thought that this woman was good-looking, he would definitely run to the front of the people, either pull the hands of others, or want to hug people's homes, and because of the language barrier, he usually said a lot of things, and the girls didn't know what he said, and scared the girls enough.
Bogu looked at Li De's behavior, although he felt that it was inappropriate, but he could not say, he could only let Li Jianzhen, the minister of the Central Women's Department, introduce his girlfriend, and the requirement was that he was good-looking, well-born, and the party spirit was stronger, and his personality must also be docile and obedient, which was really not low.
Li Jianzhen could only accept this arduous task and began to look for candidates for Li De, and this election looked at Xiao Yuehua, who worked in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and all aspects were very much in line with Li De's requirements, but when Li Jianzhen explained the situation to Xiao Yuehua, Xiao Yuehua said that he did not want to marry a foreigner. It's not your business alone, it's a task entrusted to you by the Party, and you have to think about it.
A few days later, Li Jianzhen saw that Xiao Yuehua still did not express his position, and then found Xiao Yuehua and said: She was the task of Bogu to match Li De, hoping that Xiao Yuehua would show the dedication of the Communists to the revolution and make sacrifices for the victory of the Chinese revolution.
Xiao Yuehua
But we all understand that a marriage without love is doomed to not be happy, especially in the case of the language barrier between the two sides, there is no way to communicate, Xiao Yuehua can't understand what Li De said, and there must be an interpreter between the two who want to talk, you think, if the husband and wife want to talk quietly, there is a third person in the case, who can say the exit?
Coupled with Li De's strange temper, he will pick up Xiao Yuehua like a chicken at every turn, as long as he loses face on the battlefield, or loses the battle, he will send his temper to Xiao Yuehua's body, and even Xiao Yuehua eats two of his biscuits, and he scolds him, is there any need for such a marriage to survive? Therefore, Xiao Yuehua filed a divorce application with the organization, looking at Xiao Yuehua's body was blue and purple, the organization directly agreed, and Li Jianzhen also regretted his original persuasion after seeing it.
Xiao Yuehua is Li De's first wife, there is a son between the two, raised by Xiao Yuehua, after the divorce Li De still did not change his problem of three twilight, see beautiful women want to paste up, and then really let him find his second wife Li Lilian.
This is in 1937 back to Yan'an to know, this time Li De did not use anyone to introduce, directly to the battle, and Li Lilian originally had no feeling for Li De, but Li De was li lilian fans of the five fans, determined to take her, so constantly dedicated, send things, Li Lilian when she was sick is even more meticulous, and it did not take long to get Li Lilian's heart.
Li De may not have the life of a Chinese daughter-in-law, and he had a favorite woman and got married, but because of his defeat in the command of the Red Army's Long March, the Soviet Union wanted to censor him and make him have to return to the Soviet Union, so in August 1939, when Premier Zhou Enlai was going to moscow to govern because of a broken arm, Li De was asked to leave together, because of the urgency of the matter, Li Lilian could not leave with Li De, and this difference turned out to be the last time the two met.
After Li De left China, although he was not punished after the censorship, he did not return to China, but worked in the foreign language publishing house of the Comintern, perhaps Li Lilian was only a flash in the pan for Li De, and it was not very important.
And Li Lilian and the playwright Ouyang Shanzun married, Li Lilian herself is a singing young actor, has the reputation of "Lingnan singer", after becoming a big star, some big record companies want her to record records, Li Lilian will say: As long as the lyrics progress, it is no problem, otherwise even if the price is high, I will not sing.
Li Lilian deserves people's respect and admiration, but Li De's personality makes everyone dare not agree, during World War II, Li De also participated in the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union, returned to his hometown of Germany in the 50s, still engaged in translation work, and died in 1974.