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Catfish, also known as "catfish", its scientific name is catfish. Catfish include catfish (earth catfish, small-mouth catfish), large-mouth catfish, leather-bearded catfish and other common species, including longnose, yellowtail, largefin catfish, spotted catfish, usuri catfish, spotted forked catfish, cloud catfish, golden catfish, spotted beard catfish, spotted bearded catfish, toad bearded catfish, European six-bearded catfish, Su mangtail, i.e. bass fish, giant toothless catfish and so on. However, it is commonly bred to large-mouth catfish, followed by leather-bearded catfish, which is widely present in natural waters.
There are two types of Chinese indigenous catfish: one is large-mouth catfish and the other is small-mouth catfish. Large-mouth catfish means "large mouth", and it belongs to the same species as the earth catfish, which is often referred to as the small-mouth catfish, corresponding to its "large mouth". Theoretically, the size of the mouth split between the two catfish species is distinguished.
First, large-mouth catfish, forked catfish
Largemouth catfish, also known as river catfish, from the actual production status, largemouth catfish can be subdivided into southern catfish, pregnant catfish (northern catfish, six-whiskered catfish) and hybrid catfish. Large-mouth catfish have few tender spines, delicious taste, are not good at jumping, and are bottom carnivorous fish. Strong adaptability, rapid growth, dead and live meat bait and artificial feed can be eaten, the year of stocking harvest, suitable for a variety of breeding methods.
Large-mouth catfish, broad and flattened head, short thorax and abdomen, long tail and lateral flattening. The surface of the body is smooth and scaleless, and the skin is rich in mucus. Small eyes, "big mouth" hence the name. 2 nostrils on each side, the anterior and posterior nostrils are far apart, the anterior nostrils are short tubular, located at the end of the snout; The posterior nostrils are rounded and located anteriorly above the eye. The upper and lower jaws are distributed with fine teeth with inward barbs, and adults have 2 pairs of whiskers and juveniles have 3 pairs of whiskers. The caudal fin is concave in the middle, the upper and lower lobes are asymmetrical, and the upper lobes are longer than the lower lobes. The intestines are short and have a stomach. The back and sides of the body are usually greyish-brown or yellowish-brown , and the abdomen is off-white with small black spots , and each fin is grayish-black.
Largemouth catfish is distributed in the major rivers south of the Yangtze River in the mainland, with the Yangtze River Basin as the main production area, but the species in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are preferred, and they can eat fish equivalent to one-third of their body length. Large-mouth catfish grow fast, under artificial breeding conditions, the fry bred in the same year can grow at least to more than 1 kg that year, the general catfish fry can reach 3-8 kg per tail at the end of the year, the large can reach 10 kg, the second year can grow to 10 to 20 kg, and the largest individual can reach more than 100 kg. The existence of male catfish from artificial culture to large catfish from seed rearing to large fish is still a mystery.
Catfish are warm water fish, the suitable water temperature for survival is 0 ~ 38 °C, the suitable water temperature for growth is 12 ~ 30 °C, and the most suitable growth water temperature is 25 ~ 28 °C. Catfish are benthic fish that mostly lurk at the bottom of the pond during the day and disperse at night. The southern catfish is docile, not good at jumping, not drilling mud, and easy to catch. Egg sedimentation. Juveniles prefer to flock.
Second, small-mouth catfish, earth catfish
Small-mouthed catfish, also known as earth catfish, are smaller individuals. Local names include river catfish, catfish barang and so on. It belongs to the order Catfish, catfish family, catfish genus. Earth catfish, commonly known as native catfish, the back of the body is flattened, the head is flattened, the mouth is not terminated below the anterior margin, the lower jaw is prominent, the upper and lower jaws have fine teeth, the leading edge of the pectoral fin spines of adults has obvious serrations, their fin base is longer, the number of fins is large, the caudal fin is small, slightly concave, and the upper and lower lobes are equal in length.
The small catfish is long and flattened, generally 25 to 40 cm long, cylindrical at the front and flattened on the posterior side. The head is flattened , the snout is short , broad , rounded and blunt , and the length of the snout is significantly smaller than the length of the head behind the eye. The mouth is sub-superior, broad, curved, and the corners of the mouth are well-developed with lip folds, and the end reaches the vertical line of the anterior margin. The lower jaw protrudes slightly before the upper jaw, and the upper and lower jaws have fine, fluffy teeth. The eyes are small, and the spacing between the eyes is smaller than the length of the head behind the eyes. 2 pairs of beards, the upper jaws up to the end of the pectoral fin. The fish is bare, smooth and scaleless, and the skin is rich in mucus and has mucus pores. The lateral line is complete and straight, the dorsal fin is short and small, without hard spines, and its starting point is closer to the snout end than the base of the caudal fin. The pectoral fins are fan-shaped, small, and have saw-like hard spines. The ventral fin is small, with the end exceeding the beginning of the fin. The base of the fin is long, starting near the axillary of the ventral fin and connecting the posterior end to the caudal fin. Adipose fins, short caudal fins, slightly concave. The dorsal and lateral sides of the body are greyish black or blackish brown, the ventral surface is grayish white, the dorsal, and caudal fins are grayish black, and the pectoral and ventral fins are grayish white. Smaller individuals often have cloudy plaques.
The growth rate of small catfish is slower, and it is recorded that the body length of 1 to 2 years old is about 29 cm and the weight is about 360 grams; 3 to 4 years old body length is about 40 cm, weight is about 530 g. The growth rate is faster during the 1st to 2nd age, and then it gradually slows down, and the females grow faster than the males, and they lose food in winter and do not stop eating. Small catfish 1 year old fish (body length of about 20 cm) can achieve sexual maturity, the eggs are strongly viscous, with multiple spawning habits.
Third, the difference between small catfish and large catfish
Small-mouth catfish and large-mouth catfish, both of which are extremely similar in appearance.
The main differences between the two are:
Largemouth catfish grow fast, growing up to a few pounds of individuals in that year; Small catfish grow slowly, growing only a few or less than a pound of individuals.
The large-mouth catfish has a large mouth fissure, and the end of the mouth fissure reaches or exceeds the lower part of the posterior part of the eye; The small catfish has a small cleft, and the end extends below the anterior edge of the eyeball, usually but in the middle of the eye.
The caudal fin of the large-mouth catfish is asymmetrical, and the upper leaves of the caudal fin are longer than the lower lobes, slightly narrower and slightly pointed; The upper and lower lobes of the small catfish tail fin are equal in length and size, and there is no obvious difference in size.
The general differences between the two are:
The maxilla of the large-mouth catfish must reach the base of the pectoral fin, the leading edge of the pectoral fin spine has 2 to 3 rows of granular protrusions, and the upper jaw of the small-mouth catfish must be up to the end of the pectoral fin, and the pectoral fin is fan-shaped, small, with saw-like hard spines;
The front end of the body shape of the small catfish is not obviously thick, and the whole body shape is uniform, in the form of a long strip; The anterior segment of the large catfish body is significantly thicker, and the posterior anus body is smaller and very flattened;
The second jaw of the catfish must be degenerated when the body length is less than 8 cm, while the second jaw whisker is present at a body length of 10 to 15 cm.
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