The ecological construction mode of tea garden covers tea varieties, cultivation, soil, biology, plant protection, fertilizer and other fields. Adhering to the human-centered rational ecological ethics, we strive to revive the tea industry.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="5" > biological features</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="114" > morphological features</h1>
Tea stick thrips (DendrothripsminowaiPriesner) belongs to the order Taemonidae, Thripsidae, also known as tea thrips, echinoderm tea thrips, is a kind of tea pest that has been widely distributed in Tea Gardens in Guangdong, Hainan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Zhejiang and other provinces in China. Tea stick thrips can be harmful to tea plants, peanuts, grapes, camellia, citrus, moon and other plants. Eggs, translucent milky white, kidney-shaped, about 0.1 mm; hatching nymphs white and transparent, body length of about 0.25-0.35 mm, compound eye red; second-instar nymphs milky white, body length of about 0.4-0.5 mm, compound eyes red and black; third instar nymphs light yellow, body length of about 0.5-0.6 mm; fourth instar nymphs (pre-pupa) body orange yellow, body length of about 0.6-0.8 mm; pupa yellow-brown, body length of about 0.7-0.85 mm. Adults are black, 0.8–1.1 mm long, female adults have a bright spot on the back of their abdomen, body length is about 0.8–1.4 mm wide about 0.24–0.35 mm, males are slightly smaller, long-winged.
ScirtothripsdorsatisHood belongs to the order Taemonidae, Thripsidae, also known as ridged silk thrips, tea thrips, tea yellow hard thrips, are distributed in the south of the Yangtze River, mainly with first and second instar larvae and adults file young branches and leaves. Tea yellow thrips can be used as a variety of plants such as tea tree, mango, lotus, ginkgo, Taiwan acacia, lychee, apple, camellia, grape, strawberry, moringa, moringa, shougong wood and so on. Eggs, translucent milky white to pale yellow, kidney-shaped, about 0.2 mm; first-instar nymphs white translucent, about 0.3-0.5 mm long, compound eye red, chest wider than abdomen; second-instar nymphs pale yellow, about 0.5-0.8 mm long, compound eye black; third and fourth instar nymphs yellow; adult body yellow, 0.7-0.9 mm long, monocular red.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="115" > behavioral characteristics</h1>
Both adult and nymphs are tender and have low mobility, and adults can fly short distances. During the day, it will shelter from rain or direct sunlight on the back of the leaves. The spawning period of females is 2-3 days, the egg layer is more developed, and the eggs are mostly scattered in the leaf flesh of young leaves, and each one lays about 30 eggs. The larvae are clustered and often perch on the back of young leaves, ranging from 4-5 to dozens. The third-instar nymphs do not feed, and climb down the branches to form worm buds in the moss under the trunk, lichens or dry grasses around the trunk, and tea bushes. Adult tea yellow thrips have the same tenderness as nymphs, adults have strong activity ability, frightened and quickly flee or fly away, mainly concentrated in 1 and 2 leaves under the bud, there are also reports showing that the 2-4 leaves under the bud are mostly, mostly on the back of the leaves. It is generally a hermaphroditic reproduction, but can also be parthenogenesis. Each female thrips can lay 5-98 eggs, mostly on young stems or the back of leaves. The larvae are often distributed in clusters, and there are often 5-10 heads on the back of the infested young leaves. The third-instar nymph does not feed, climbs down the branches to the crack in the trunk or the dead leaves of the surface tea bush to pupate, and the adults fly back to the canopy.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="116" > occurrence</h1>
Tea stick thrips occur in Guangdong and other places for many generations a year, with serious generational overlap, an increase in insect population in May, a recovery of growth in late September due to typhoon rainfall and high temperatures in July and August, a peak in October, and a decline in late December. Tea yellow thrips can complete 10-11 generations a year in Guangdong, and the generation overlap is serious, and the occurrence time is basically the same as that of tea stick thrips. There are significant differences in the number of tea stick thrips and tea yellow thrips in different tea plant varieties.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="117" > hazard situation</h1>
Tea stick thrips harm tea plants by both first- and second-instar nymphs and adults by filing the sap of the young leaves of the tea tree. When the insect mouth density is low, the new shoot leaves are mildly damaged, the leaves are slightly rolled, the color is dull, and there are 2 or more longitudinal concave reddish-brown basic symmetrical stripes on both sides of the main vein on the back; in the later stage, the insect mouth density is high, the affected leaves are brown, the back of the leaves is covered with brown dots, and the buds become smaller; in severe cases, the new shoots in the whole tea garden shrink and stiffen, and some of the leaves are scorched and fall off. The harm of tea stick thrips is explosive, and when severe, it can make the tea garden have no tea to pick in summer and autumn. Tea yellow thrips also harm tea plants with first- and second-instar nymphs and adults by filing the sap of the young leaves of the tea tree, and the damaged leaves have reddish-brown scarred stripes along the main leaf vein, and in severe cases, the entire leaf has multiple spots, and the front is concave and has no luster. Thrips have different hazards in different parts of the same tea plant and on different tea plant varieties.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="118" > green prevention and control measures</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="119" >1 agricultural prevention and control</h1>
Ecosystems can determine their own biomes. Through the scientific combination of reasonable pruning, weeding in the middle of farming, reasonable fertilization, tea garden intercropping and other traditional agronomic methods, to achieve the construction of modern ecological tea gardens.
1.1 Timely picking or pruning Due to the tenderness of thrips, it likes to be active and feeding on the leaf surface of young leaves, strengthen field management, timely and reasonable picking and strong harvesting, which can effectively control the insect population density of the insect, conventional picking can make the tea stick thrips mouth density reduction rate reach 53.5%, and strong harvesting can make the insect mouth density reduction rate reach 96.5%. For tea gardens with heavy harm, new shoot leaf atrophy and rigidity, the method of pruning can be taken, after the end of spring tea, from late June to early July, use a pruning machine to cut off the branches and leaves of the tea tree canopy of 3 to 5 cm, and after pruning, the new shoots and young leaves are taken out of the tea garden to destroy, reducing the further harm of pests. After the end of the autumn tea, pruning removes excess branches and leaves and weeds in the garden, further reduces the number of insect mouths, and strengthens the integrated pest control.
1.2 Reasonable fertilization Reasonable fertilization can enhance the tree potential, enhance the ability of tea plants to resist diseases and insects, and is an effective way to prevent insects. Studies have shown that different fertilization amounts and fertilization methods have a certain effect on the amount of tea stick thrips in the field.
1.3 Grass prevention and control A certain amount of straw is laid on the tea garden before the spring harvest every year, which can improve the water, fertilizer, gas, heat and other conditions, enhance the tree potential, and provide a good environment for natural enemies. Planting grass in tea gardens can reduce the occurrence of diseases and reduce the density of insect populations, thereby reducing the use of pesticides and achieving the purpose of ecological control of pests and diseases. By investigating the occurrence of pests and diseases and natural enemies, the number and number of natural enemies increased significantly compared with tea shops without grass, and the number of insect mouths of thrips decreased.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="120" >2 swatch booby traps</h1>
Through the study of the color habit of thrips, the booby trap effect of the swatch is significantly different in different colors, different suspension heights and different orientations; the blue board booby trap object is single-minded, not easy to harm predators, the suspension height is 0 ~ 0.2m Booby Trap Effect is the best, and the number of trappings in the east-west direction is significantly higher than that in the north-south direction. (Editor's note: Swatch booby traps should be predicted according to the insect situation, arranged on time, and withdrawn in time after the peak period)
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="121" >3 biological control</h1>
At present, the biological control of thrips is mainly based on the combination of local natural enemies. The main natural enemies of tea yellow thrips and tea stick thrips are the grass black spider, the eight-spotted ball-bellied spider, the cone-bellied xiaoma, the turtle pattern ladybird, the spotted tube nest spider, the large red mite, the predator mite, the red-spotted lip ladybird, the heterochromatic ladybird and so on. Rational use of native predators can better establish ecological tea gardens.
Zhang Ruijie pointed out that compared with the prevention and control potential of heterochromatic ladybirds on three types of juice-sucking pests of tea aphid young nymphs, tea thrips adults and tea leafhopper young nymphs, the comprehensive prevention and control potential of tea thrips is the greatest.
Gao Yu, Bian Lei and other studies pointed out that the predation effect of red-spotted lip ladybird on tea stick thrips is jointly affected by predator and prey density, when the density of tea stick thrips is unchanged, the average feeding amount of red-spot-lipped ladybird decreases with the increase of its own density; in the presence of a certain living space and equal proportion of prey, the density of tea stick thrips and red-spot lip ladybirds increases at the same time, and the individuals of red-spot-lipped ladybirds show intraspecific interference.
Li Huiling, Li Peng and other studies pointed out that the predatory function response of indoor rearing of East Asian small flower bugs conformed to the Holling II. functional response, and the predation amount increased with the increase of prey density, and the search effect decreased with the increase of prey density.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="122" >4 scientific drug use</h1>
At the peak of thrips, scientific use of agents is required. Water-soluble drugs and tea leaves are in full contact, easy to leach in tea soup. Plant extract and plant-derived pesticides are a new type of pesticide with low toxicity and high efficiency, long prevention effect and low residue. Spray pesticide residues using direct-injection electrostatic sprayers are lower than conventional piggyback sprayers.
(Angen's team excerpted from Nong Hongyan et al.: Research progress on green prevention and control technology of thrips in tea gardens)
The Angen team, more than 20 agricultural experts in various fields, provide mature soil restoration integration programs, ecological remediation integration solutions, pesticide residue solutions and ecological agriculture socialization services.