Loquat, aliases: ash orange, golden pill, aloe branch, Latin name: Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl。 The rosaceae family, loquat genus, loquat native to southeastern China, because the leaf shape resembles a pipa instrument, its flowers can be used in medicine. The tree is 3 to 5 meters tall, and the leaves are large and long, thick and hairy, oblong-oval, shaped like a lute. Aliases are also called aloe orange, reed branch, golden pill, yanguo, jiaozi. Unlike most fruit trees, loquat blooms in autumn or early winter, and the fruit ripens from spring to early summer, earlier than other fruits, so it is called "the only one in the fruit tree who has the four seasons of qi". Loquat flowers are white or pale yellow, with five petals, about 2 cm in diameter, and five to ten flowers in a bunch, which can be used as a source crop of honey. Let's take a look at it with the small editor of Jiangxi Ren's fruit industry!
Due to the thin skin and tender and juicy flesh of loquat, it is easy to produce physiological diseases such as cracked fruit and wilting and sunburn in the expansion and ripening stages of the fruit, and the fruit rate of some orchards is about 50%, which seriously affects the edible value and commodity rate of loquat. At present, most loquat has been harvested, in addition to strengthening fertilizer and water management, disease and pest control is also an important premise to ensure the normal growth and development of fruit trees in the later stage and flowering and fruiting. After the loquat fruit picking, the main diseases and insect pests are leaf spot disease, pear wood lice, mites, aphids, etc., combined with the recent weather conditions, the occurrence characteristics of such diseases and insect pests and the key points of control technology are introduced as follows. First, the recent occurrence of diseases and pests
1. Loquat leaf spot disease: mainly manifested as gray spots, spots, horn spots, wheel patterns and several symptoms, which occur seriously in the rainy season of summer and autumn. The disease not only harms the leaves, making the leaves yellow, withered, perforated and shedding, but also affects the growth of new shoots, which ultimately affects photosynthesis. It usually occurs more severely from April to September. In recent surveys, a small number of poorly managed orchards have been very seriously diseased, and 50% of the leaves have fallen off. The occurrence of high temperature and rainy weather in the later period is conducive to the occurrence of the disease, so the prevention and control of leaf spot disease cannot be ignored.
2, pear wood lice: wood lice in recent years in our region loquat occurs commonly, occurs in multiple generations a year, in the dry season occurs more seriously. After fruit picking, its infested parts are mainly concentrated in the crevices at the base of the petiole, and it is necessary to secrete mucus, which is strong in resistance to rain erosion. Last summer and autumn, pear wood lice occurred heavily on loquat and accumulated a large number of insect sources; this year, affected by warm winter weather, drought in the early stage, and high temperatures in recent times, are conducive to the occurrence of wood lice, especially in the park with mixed or set of pear trees, the occurrence of pear trees is more serious, and the new rate of insects in orchards that are seriously affected is more than 80%.
3. Loquat mite: If the moth is mainly harmful to new shoots and flower spikes, it is a common pest mite on loquat in my area; the amount of mites in recent investigations is not high, but the high temperature and drought occur more seriously in the later period.
4, other pests: yellow caterpillar is mainly harmful to new shoots and leaves, aphids are harmful to new shoots, and control should also be strengthened after fruit picking.
II. Technical Measures for Comprehensive Prevention and Control:
1. Agricultural measures: strengthen fertilizer and water management, avoid excessive drying and excessive humidity, enhance tree potential, improve disease resistance, remove fallen leaves in time, combine fertilization, properly plough the soil, and reduce the base of disease and insect source. Minimize intercropping, mixing or intercropping of pear and loquat trees.
2. Physical control: install insecticidal lamps in the field, use lights to trap adult pests such as psyllids and yellow caterpillars; use yellow plates to trap aphids.
3. Biological control: When the amount of single-leaf mites is less than 2 heads, predatory mites can be used to control various mites; at the same time, grass is planted to keep grass, attract natural enemies, and use the natural control ability of natural enemies to control the occurrence of pests, such as the use of seven-star ladybirds to control aphids.
4, chemical control: seize the critical period, the application of pesticides for prevention and control. When the average amount of monophyllal mites reaches 3-5 heads, the agent 34% acaricidal star 2000-2500 times, or 2.4% avermectin 3000 times, etc. is used to control methyl mites; the control of pyllids is used in the early larval stage, and the agent can be controlled with 25% Aktai 8000 times or 2.5% xylar net. The prevention and treatment of leaf spot disease can be controlled with any kind of medicine of Shigao, Bobang or Xinsheng.