In the Qing Dynasty, there were 116 people in Zhi County, many of whom left various achievements in history, and Liu Baonan of Wen'an Zhi County during the Daoguang period was one of them, and he was included in the "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty" with his classic Confucian academic works and diligent deeds of officials, forever recorded in the annals of history.
Liu Baonan, the word Chu Zhen, the number Nian Lou, also known as Qiu Cha. Modern scholar and poet, Baoyingren, Jiangsu, was born in the fifty-sixth year of Qianlong (1791) and died in the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855) at the age of sixty-five.
His father, Liu Luke, was a prominent official who served as a minor official in the Guozi Supervision Book, and wrote the "Notes of qiucha". When Liu Baonan was five years old, his father went to Beijing to take the exam, died of illness in a foreign country, and when he was six years old, his grandmother, brother Zhong, and uncle died one after another, and the family lineage declined. Liu Baonan's mother was a strong woman, generalist and virtuous, and encouraged her young son to say: "I can't eat for a long time, and I don't think I am hungry; I can't wear clothes at the end of the year, I don't think it's cold, Ru Cao reads diligently, although I don't complain bitterly. "Urge Bao Nan to learn what he has learned, and not to make a little slack." When he was a child, his mother's ardent upbringing was deeply burned in Liu Baonan's heart, and he felt the decline of the portal, and he was in adversity and attacking hard mechanics. It is reported that when the family was poor, the oil was not continued, but a lamp was placed on the stove, dozens of books were read, and the oil was exhausted. He often asked his brother Liu Baoshu for favors, and later studied from his uncle Liu Taigong.
Liu Taigong was a university scholar with the same name as Duan Yujue and Wang Niansun, and his profound knowledge and rigorous study style made Liu Baonan's studies greatly improved, laying a solid foundation for future academic research. When Liu Baonan was young, he taught in Yangzhou and Yizheng, mainly taught at Guangling Academy, and had close contacts with Liu Wenqi, Mei Zhizhi, Wang Xisun and others, and was an outstanding representative of the "Yangzhou School". Zhi Weicheng praised Liu Taigong, Liu Baonan, and Liu Gongmian as "Baoying Liu III" in his "Biography of The Masters of Pu Xue in the Qing Dynasty". Liu Baonan studied maoshi and Zheng Xuanzhi's "rites" in the process of learning, and in the process of learning, he was deeply influenced by Liu Taigong, who ruled the scriptures in a wide range, and studied and examined the evidence, and did not easily make false claims. Under the influence of Liu Taigong, Liu Baonan was extremely specialized in research, especially in the degree of proficiency in the ritual music system, and even more due to the influence of Liu Taigong. Liu Baonan's academic scope is also very extensive, and he has been involved in Jinshi, Youdi, and Baijia.
In the autumn of the eighth year of Daoguang, Liu Baonan was still a zhusheng (the collective name of the students' junior meritorious students, commonly known as Xiucai), who once met with Liu Wenqi, Mei Zhizhi, Bao Shenyan, Liu Xingen, Chen Li and others to re-annotate the classics, while Liu Baonan was assigned to the book "Analects". Scholars at that time wanted to annotate the classics because the old annotations did not conform to their academic concepts, and Liu Baonan's annotations on the Analects of Justice were also due to dissatisfaction with xing fu and Huang Kan's annotations. Therefore, he imitated the style of Mencius's Justice, first made a long compilation, searched for the old sayings of Han Confucianism, and took both the long meaning of the Song Dynasty and the Scriptures, and gathered and compromised, and named it "Analects of Justice". Liu Baonan was only 38 years old when he began to annotate the Analects of Justice. He "abandoned other tasks and concentrated on exquisite thinking", struggled for the second half of his life, spent 27 years of painstaking efforts, and finally obtained dozens of huge volumes of "long compilation", and after "convergence and compromise", most of the whole book was finalized. Due to the late years of the official Qifu, the government affairs were cumbersome, and the energy was so poor that the middle way was not controlled, but he ordered his son to continue his career. His son Liu Gongmian (劉恭冕), also known as Uncle Mi (俛), was raised by Guangxu for five years. He studied Mao's poems at an early age, ruled the Ram Spring and Autumn in his later years, invented the meaning of "New Zhou", inherited his father's legacy, and wrote "Analects of Justice" and "Annotated Commentaries on The Analects of He Xiu", which made the "Analects of Justice" more perfect.
Since the Han Dynasty, scholars of all generations have studied the Analects, and the works that have annotated and examined the Analects are truly numerous and numerous. Liu Baonan's Analects of Justice draws on the research results of thousands of predecessors, especially the annotations of the Qing people; Attention was paid to written exhortations, historical facts were examined and interpreted, and detailed interpretations of the ancient notes of the Han and Wei dynasties were also made. Absorbing the strengths of all, distinguishing between right and wrong, hooking and sinking the hidden, melting the ancient and casting the present, poor years and months, diligently pursuing, Liu Baonan devoted his life to making "Analects of Justice" an immortal work admired by contemporaries and future generations. According to the "Biography of the History of the Qing Dynasty", Liu Baonan's examination of the liturgical system in the two chapters of the "Eight Nobles" and the "Township Party" is extremely detailed, and because he has achieved excellent results in the examination, this book is regarded as an excellent work in the new commentaries of the Qing Dynasty. In addition to the examination, Liu Baonan's interpretation of the righteous ideas in the book on benevolence, sex, heaven, and Tao also reflects the characteristics of the study of righteousness in the Qian and Jia periods.
Liu Baonan has made great achievements in the study of Confucian classics, but he has a lot of fate on the road of life, and he has repeatedly failed in scientific examinations. He lost his father at an early age, and when he was twenty-one years old in the sixteenth year of Jiaqing, he married his wife Wang Shi, and his wife died less than a month after marriage, and his mother died more than ten days later. (The subsequent wife of the Wang clan, the annals do not record the year in which they were married, and Bao Nan's five children were all born to the Wang clan.) Although the continuous blows made him a little discouraged, the strong scholarly nature and the teachings of his mother made Liu Baonan quickly regain his strength from the extreme of mourning and recklessness, and he studied more assiduously and wrote works. After as many as eleven township examinations, Yu Daoguang ranked 40th in the Jiangnan Township Examination at the age of 45 in the fifteenth year. In the 20th year of Daoguang, he went to the Beijing Division to take the examination of the Ministry of Rites, and ranked 86th in the Chinese style and the 46th in the second grade of the temple examination, and was given the title of Jinshi by birth, served in the rank of character, and was directly subordinate to Wen'an County Zhi County, and went to the post in April of the 21st year of Daoguang, when he was fifty-one years old.
After arriving in Wen'an County, according to the "Annals of Mr. Liu Chuzhen" published in Taiwan, in April, he went to Wen'an to take up his post. Fu Ren, that is, to show the Xiuqing River Sui (Tongdi) and Gedian Sui to hold the water. Remember its deeds: Wen'an terrain depression, sui weir for a long time, the autumn water rises, the overflow is overflowing, the government is performing the survey degree, the first thing is the defense, the governor leads the civil service, the day and night are lax, and the three years in office are awarded the autumn.
In his "Records of Wen'an Sui Gong" from the prologue, he said: Wen'an di is called a depression, the weir has not been repaired for a long time, the water in the autumn is rising, and it is harmful to the people. Daoguang twenty-one years, to see the county affairs, Zhou Lukui defense, inquire about the people's suffering. The inspection of the old books was held according to the usual practice, and the flag people did not help each other, and waited and watched, and gave a lot of law enforcement, and the merits were helped. It is a collection of volumes before and after, which are collected into six ranks, and hidden in the folds. Self-reliance, re-shirking, successively controlling the government, but knowing that the flag is tired, it can no longer be corrected according to the case, flooding, years of suffering, whining, but also a husband.
Liu Baonan's preface before his "Records of The Work of Wen'an Di" stated that the floods in Wen'an were still frequent, and the flag people did not cooperate with the situation, and could only personally "supervise and lead the people's service, and make meritorious contributions" to control the floods. According to the "Records of Wen'an Di Gong", in June of the first year of his appointment, Du Guodong and Qianzong Du Bailing, the bannermen, could not repair the embankment, so Liu Baonan took the case and strictly reprimanded and restricted the repair, and only then did he complete the task of repairing the embankment. Then, the Ziya River in Linxian Dacheng guxian executed the embankment, and he braved the rain to rush to the big city and maintained it with the local people to preserve the embankment. He wrote down his experience in the "Records of Wen'an Causeway": the Ayutthaya Guxian and other embankments are the embankments of the Ziya River in Ayutthaya, which Wen'an calls the South Causeway, because within the scope of the Ayutthaya, the Wen'an people have never helped to repair them. However, the south embankment collapsed, and the flood was Wen'anwa, and if the Wen'an people helped to repair the south embankment, the relationship was the same as maintaining the north embankment (Daqing River). This is also a pioneering work for him to control water, broaden his horizons, and take into account the overall situation.
In the second year of ren Wen'an, he arranged for the construction of the embankment from the second month of the lunar calendar, and in order to prevent the qimin from resisting repairs, he "pre-detailed the Criminal Money Division of south road and showed strict prohibitions." That is, from the administrative and financial aspects, it is necessary to formulate reward and punishment regulations for the repair of the embankment. In June of that year, the levee of Shi Gezhuang (then part of Xiong County) in the section of the Daqing River in Xiong County to the west was flooded. Because he was in the upper reaches of Wen'anwa, the breach of the embankment was bound to endanger Wen'an, so he led the people to block it overnight, and only then did he turn the danger into a disaster. On July 15, when the embankment of Ayutthaya Guxian was flooded with water, he led the people to the people to rush to build the embankment and weir in the starry night. According to the Records of the Causeway: In December, Du Tang, a Wusheng of Tunqi, Chang Shixi, an astronomical student of the Han Army, Jin Tinghua, an idle Jin Tinghua, and Liu Gao, the general manager of Wei Qian, threatened to repair the embankment, and summoned the four matters of the embankment engineers, military supplies, grass bundles, and study repairs, and went to the Tifu to make accusations, and referred them to the Shuntianfu and the Fa Nan Road Department for examination and handling." It was the flag people who, relying on the four things in the construction of the embankment, pieced together the charges and went to Beijing to sue Liu Baonan.com.
In the twenty-third year of Daoguang, his third year in Ren Wen'an, he still showed the repair of the embankment from February, and the flag people still resisted the repair of the embankment. During this period, Liu Baonan repaired a Spring Rain Hall in Wen'an, and he said in the "Preface to the Spring Rain Hall": In the west of Wen'an County, there is a church that will be given to the new one. In the time of a small drought, the church became and the rain, and the name of the tin (given) was given." There is no trace of this church now, and there is no place to examine. It is the year to build the Shengfang Di Weir, and it is completed in winter. Liu Baonan said in the "Preface to the Inscription of Shengfangyan": Seventy miles northeast of Wen'an County, Shengfang (then part of Wen'an), the old Minyan, the eastern boundary of the big city of Xinzhang (then part of the big city), the west of Cuizhuang and Bazhou Gaoqiao, extending more than twenty miles, good fields, in the lower reaches of the river, with the weir as an obstacle. The water rises in the autumn, the jifu (yu) soil, the matter is rushed, and every time it overflows, the people's land is destroyed. In the spring of the thirty-second year of Daoguang, Yuxing County went to Weir, and only the old site remained. Lord, king, tell the people, please build. Yu reports can be reported, villages respond, each reward is righteous money, the table dove worker, the Ke Ri Fan (chan, completed) thing, the service to revitalize the agricultural gap, labor without cost, and the work is increased and consolidated. It recounts the process of taking advantage of the spring and winter agricultural leisure in this year, and the official supervision and private administration to build Shengfang to be vigilant.
Daoguang twenty-four years, his fourth year in Wen'an, still showed in February to repair the embankment, the flag people did not repair as before. In June, the weir of Dacheng Guxian and other dikes was in danger again, and Liu Baonan also went to Dacheng again to join forces to grab protection. In October, Qimin Dutang's complaint was closed, and Liu Baonan was removed from his post. In his chronological statement (i.e., curriculum vitae), it is described that because the old practice of Wen'an Dike work was Qi Sanmin Seven, Liu Baonan donated Feng Lu as a levee repair fee, but the Qimin refused to contribute, resulting in the collapse of the apportioned embankment section. Liu Baonan punished according to the usual practice, leaving no personal feelings, resulting in the Qimin Tunmu Du Tang searching for some things in the errand and overstepping the level to file a complaint, so Liu Baonan was dismissed from office. When the people of Wen'an heard about it, they gathered thousands of people to go to the capital to complain and ask to stay in office, but they were dissuaded by Liu Baonan and did not go. "And the case is decided, and it is clear." Meaning: When the case is determined, the truth will be clearly tried. Judging from the fact that he took office in Baodi Zhi County the following year after he left office in Wen'an, this case did not convict Liu Baonan and dismiss him.
According to the "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty", Bao Nan was in the sixteenth year of the official, and his clothes were as simple as when he was born. Diligent in listening to the lawsuit, the official Wen An Ri, the trial of the backlog of more than 1400 things, the chicken first sounded, sat in the grandeur, the two manufacturing possessed, at that time the study of the Feng. If nothing is done, the case will be closed as intended, and the offender will be punished as usual. In his deeds, he was captured by the giant thief Liu Mazi and nicknamed The Crystal Governor. In the three years of Wen'an, in addition to building the embankment and weir every year, he also concluded more than 1,400 cases, and more than one case was concluded every day, including major cases like Liu Mazi.
In the twenty-fifth year of Daoguang, Liu Baonan left his post at the age of fifty-five and returned to The Beijing Division, and then sought a direct office to be directly subordinate to Zhi County, Baodi County, and within the year, he was directly subordinate to Zhi County, Gu'an County. The "Tongzhi of Qifu" records that Liu Baonan signed Baodi for one year in the twenty-fifth year of Daoguang, and this year was also signed for a year of Gu'an, and there is no detailed record of when he will go to office and when he will leave office, which seems to overlap. In the "Records of Yuanshi County", it is recorded that Liu Baonan was transferred from Gu'an to Yuanshizhi County after May of the 26th year of Daoguang, so his term of office in Baodi was less than one year, and in Gu'an it was two months each.
When he was in Yuanshi County, he encountered a major drought and a locust infestation occurred in the northwest of the county, and the locust plague and the flood and drought disaster in the old days were both major agricultural disasters that were difficult to resist, and when they were serious, the people were not happy. Liu Baonan personally prayed at the Wax Shrine (the ancestral hall dedicated to the god of agriculture) and purchased insect traps, and a large number of locusts competed to cast on the wells, or died directly on the crops, and the locust plague subsided, and a great harvest was obtained that year. Although this is more legendary, it is indeed found in the records of the official revision history, and people can also see people's reputation for him. From Daoguang's appointment to Yuanshi County in May 25, to Daoguang's last Chinese New Year's Eve year, he entered the first year of Xianfeng during his tenure as Yuanshi, at the age of sixty-one.
In the first month of the second year of Xianfeng, Liu Baonan transferred the office directly to Sanhezhi County. When he was in Sanhe County, there were soldiers in the eastern province, and according to the past practice, the county residents had to provide military vehicles. Liu Baonan believed that this move was disturbing to the people, and there were many soldiers, which would increase the burden on the people, so he advocated hiring cars to run errands, so that the people could not be disturbed. Xianfeng served in Sanhe for two, three, four, and five years. In the autumn of the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855 AD), Liu Baonan was bedridden due to a foot disease, and died on September 24 at his Sanhe official residence at the age of sixty-five. Seven days before his death, shortly after he knew that his life would be, he wrote an epitaph for himself, the epitaph first known: Junzhen Baonan, Zi Chuzhen, Shiwei Baoying Confucian... This is followed by a brief description of the basic situation of parents, wives, themselves and their children. This attitude of calmly facing life and death shows his qualities of Creation Realm of Confucianism, Interpretation, and Taoism.
Liu Baonan was diligent in his life, focused on doing things, and loyal to his duties for officials, and finally died in office at the age of sixty-five. He not only made a difference in the administration of officials, but also achieved great achievements in academics, and was a true Confucian scholar. In addition to the famous "Analects of Justice", his works also have four volumes of "Shigu", which have supplemented Cheng Yaotian's "Nine Grain Examinations" on the three crops of beans, wheat and hemp; The six volumes of the Han Shi Case are very detailed in the examination of the stele style; There are six volumes of the Baoying Tujing, three volumes of the Records of Martyrdom of the Victorious Dynasty, six volumes of the Records of Wen'an Di Gong, six volumes of the Records of The Cure for Foolishness, eight volumes of the Nianlou Collection, and two volumes of the Outer Collection. There are also manuscripts such as "Qing Fen Collection" and "Liu Baonan's Poetry".
In the Troubled Wen'an Depression of the Qing Dynasty, Liu Baonan's deep footprints were left, and wen'an people will also deeply remember him. His life deeds or brief summaries, or specific stages are recorded in the "Qing History Draft", "Qifu Tongzhi", "Liu Chuzhen Chronicle", "Wen'an County Chronicle", "Yuanshi County Chronicle", "Sanhe County Chronicle" and other historical books, is an ordinary and exemplary figure in the vast eunuch sea of the Qing Dynasty.
About author:Wang Baocang, a native of Wen'an Town, Wen'an County, is currently a member of the Chinese Poetry Society and the vice president of the Wen'an County Poetry Society. Deputy editor-in-chief of the second round of Wen'an County Chronicle, deputy editor-in-chief of Wen'an Yearbook, and member of the Wen'an County Literature and History Research Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. The second batch of Zhijian experts of Langfang City, member of the Expert Committee for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Langfang City.
Since 2011, he has participated in the editing of the first "Wen'an County CPPCC Chronicle", the second round of "Wen'an County Chronicle", "Wen'an Yearbook", "Wen'an County Court Chronicle", "Wen'an Style and Material Record", "Wen'an Intangible Cultural Heritage List", "Two Volumes of the History of Wen'an of the Communist Party of China" and many other historical books. He also participated in the recording of the "Geographical History" of the Wen'an chapter of CCTV's "Image Fang Zhi". The history, environment, folklore, intangible cultural heritage, labor, utensils, language, wild animals and plants of Wen'an Wadian have been studied and sorted out.