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The "extended version" three volts are coming! Do you know all this three-volt knowledge?

author:Globe.com

Source: China Meteorological Administration

As the saying goes, "Heat is in three volts"

Volts, means that the weather is too hot

It is advisable to lie down and not to move

July 16

The "first volt" begins

It will be another year

Hot and humid, stuffy days

Many places in the country will open the "steaming" mode

The "extended version" three volts are coming! Do you know all this three-volt knowledge?

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How did the "three volts" come about? Why is this year's "three volts" a "extended version"? Why is "three volts" the hottest?

What is the "three volts" recorded by the ancients?

Where did the "three volts" dietary custom come from?

Let's take a look.~

The "extended version" three volts are coming! Do you know all this three-volt knowledge?

The "extended version" has 40 days!

The ancients on the mainland adopted the method of "dry branch chronicle" to count years, months, days, and hours. The so-called "dry branches" are ten "heavenly stems" and "twelve earth branches".

Ten heavenly stems - A, B, C, D, E, hex, heptane, xin, nong, decyl; The Twelve Branches of the Lands - Zi, Ugly, Yin, 卯, 辰, 巳, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 海. Use the two words of heavenly stem and earth branch to indicate the ordinal number of the year, month and day. Since there are 10 heavenly stems, there is a Geng day every 10 days.

The traditional calculation method stipulates that the third Geng day after the "summer solstice" of the twenty-four solar terms is the "first volt", the fourth Geng day after the "summer solstice" is the "middle volt", and the first Geng day after the "Li Qiu" of the twenty-four solar terms is the "last volt", which is collectively called "three volts".

However, due to the fact that the number of days between the "summer solstice" and the first Day of Geng is almost different every year, the number of days with the "Three Geng" is not fixed. That is to say, both the "initial volt" and the "last volt" are 10 days, but the number of days of "middle volt" is not fixed. When there are 4 Hept days between the summer solstice and the autumn, the middle volt is 10 days, and the appearance of 5 Hept days is 20 days, so the "middle volt" to the "last volt" is sometimes 10 days, sometimes 20 days.

This year's first volt (also called the first volt) is from July 16 to July 25, and the last volt (also called the three volts) is from August 15 to August 24. The time between the first volt and the last volt is a middle volt, and there are 20 days. That is to say, this year's "three volts" is another "extended version".

The "extended version" three volts are coming! Do you know all this three-volt knowledge?
The "extended version" three volts are coming! Do you know all this three-volt knowledge?

Why is it the hardest day to survive?

In summer, the northern hemisphere is inclined towards the sun, and the direction of sunlight is almost perpendicular to the ground. On the day of the summer solstice, the sun is the "highest" in the sky and should be the hottest day. But in fact, the hottest day is not the summer solstice, but the "three-volt day" more than a month later.

Why? The main reason is that the Earth is wrapped in a dense atmosphere. Sunlight does not directly heat the air close to the ground, but first heats the ground. The ground then feeds the tropics into the air through infrared radiation, air convection and evaporation of moisture. Above the surface per square meter, there are about 10 tons of air, which can store a lot of heat. This makes the surface temperature not too high. At night, this heat keeps the surface temperature from too low. In this way, the temperature difference between day and night on earth is only a few degrees Celsius to more than ten degrees Celsius. Therefore, the average temperature per day does not depend entirely on how much heat is obtained from the sun, but on the difference between the heat obtained each day and the heat lost, that is, the net change in the accumulated heat.

The "extended version" three volts are coming! Do you know all this three-volt knowledge?

On the day of the summer solstice, the northern hemisphere does receive the most heat from the sun, but in the dozens of days after the summer solstice, although the position of the sun is not the highest, it is still quite high; The sunshine is not the longest, but it is still quite long. The heat received each day still exceeds the heat lost, so the temperature is constantly rising. Only when the sun is "low" enough to receive less heat per day than it loses, does the temperature begin to decrease.

In summer, there is a lot of rain, the air humidity is large, and the heat capacity of the water is much larger than that of dry air, which is also an important reason for the sweltering weather.

In addition, in July and August, the subtropical high pressure in the western Pacific Ocean tightened its grip on much of the Central Plains. The sinking air flow inside the high pressure makes the weather clear and cloudless, which is conducive to sunlight exposure, the ground radiation warms up, and the weather is hotter.

How are the "three volts" recorded in ancient texts?

The earliest record of the "Three Volts" can be found in the "History of Qin Benji": "The second year of Qin De (676 BC), the first volt, with the dog yujiao". For the "first volt", the Southern Dynasty Liu Song Pei Xiao explained in the "Interpretation of the Collected History": "June Fu Ri Chu Ye. There is none in the week, but there is still. The Tang Dynasty scholar Zhang Shoujie explained in greater detail and clarity in the "History of Justice": "From the festival of the three volts in June, Qin Degong did it, so the clouds were first ambushed." Ambushers, lurking to avoid the summer also. ”

The "extended version" three volts are coming! Do you know all this three-volt knowledge?

Xie Zhaochun, who was born in the Ming Dynasty, also recorded in the "Five Miscellaneous Tricks": "What is the one who is ambushed? All the four times of phase Zen are also born of each other, and the solo summer Zen in autumn, with fire ke jin, gold fear also, so it is called the volt. However, when he was a man of his own name, was it true that he was angry and true? "History", the second year of Qin Degong, the first volt with the dog Royal Clam, is the common name of Xi Rong, three generations of nothing, but it is used to this day, Ho Ya? However, the Han Dynasty until the end of the day, so the Oriental Shuo said that the volt day should be returned, which is the meaning of avoiding deception. It is no longer the same, but the liaries still have their names. ”

The "extended version" three volts are coming! Do you know all this three-volt knowledge?

The Han Dynasty scholar Liu Xi also recorded in the "Interpretation of Names": "Those who are three volts, Gengjin lie under the summer fire." Jin was afraid of fire, so he was ambushed. The Eastern Han Dynasty historian Ban Gu also said in the Book of Han: "Those who are ambushed, that is, the yin qi will rise, and they will not rise because of the residual sun." Therefore, it is a Tibetan volt, because of the name of the volta. ”

"Three volts" has a certain guiding role for agricultural production, so the ancients also recorded it in agricultural books. When Jia Sixun of the Southern and Northern Dynasties mentioned "Xiao Dou" in the "Qi Min Zhi Shu", it was recorded: "Ten days after the summer solstice, when the planter is on the top, one acre uses eight liters. When the first ambush breaks the hand for the middle, one acre with a bucket. When the middle volt is broken, one acre is used to fight two liters. After the middle volt, it is too late. The "broken hand" here means "stop" and "stop", which means to complete the sowing of the beans before the end of the first ambush.

In the north, the folk also "head fu radish two volt vegetables, three volts can also grow mustard greens" proverb, is to say that the head of the head to start planting radish, two volts of cabbage, late autumn and early winter can get a good harvest, after the season may be wasted seeds in vain.

The three-volt day is not only hot, but also the rain is concentrated, sometimes there will be hail, and some areas will rain for several days in a row, forming a flood, known in ancient times as "ambush flood". The agricultural proverbs "Drowning rats in a small summer and a big summer" and "Blessing rain on the peasants' joy, don't forget the flood control in the summer" are all reminders to remind people that in the hot weather of several volts, they must not only do a good job in preventing heat and cooling, but also pay attention to flood prevention work to prevent disasters.

Where did the "three volts" dietary custom come from?

Since SanfuTian is a unique season, folk will naturally inherit many food customs and form a unique Chinese food culture. The folk proverb "head fu dumpling two volt noodles, three volt flapjack stall eggs" concisely explains the traditional food customs of the northern "three volts" day.

In the past, people felt that the hot summer was a catastrophe, so they called Futian "bitter summer".

At the time of the ambush, the summer grain was harvested, and the family had cold grain, just to use this time to enjoy a blessing. Dumplings are usually rare foods, and they are naturally the first choice. The heat is not good, you can't eat anything, and dumplings are the good things that are appetizing and satisfying in traditional customs. Therefore, people eat dumplings on their heads, hoping to spend the summer safely. In addition, dumplings resemble yuanbao, and "fu" and "fu" are harmonious, so eating dumplings in the head is given the meaning of "yuanbao fu".

Erfu "eating noodles" originally referred to eating "hot soup noodles". At this time, the new grain enters the household, grinds the new wheat into flour to cook soup to eat, and the sweat after eating can remove the moisture and heat stuck in the body. In addition to eating hot noodles, you can also eat water noodles, with cucumber shreds and other "noodle codes", the taste is refreshing, which can not only dispel the heat and change the fire, but also stimulate the appetite.

At three volts, the weather began to turn cool, but the residual heat is still very strong, this season and then sweat to eat "hot soup noodles" is not comfortable, those "rest" hens after twenty or thirty days of "rest" also began to "work", then for ordinary old people if you eat a meal of flapjack eggs, it can also be regarded as an excellent delicious enjoyment, but also with the meaning of sending fu tian away.

Since it is said that "head fu dumpling two volt noodles"

Did you eat dumplings today?

What kind of stuffing to eat?

Produced by the Propaganda Center of China Meteorological Administration (China Meteorological News).

Reference: China Meteorological News