The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period was one of the most chaotic periods in Chinese history, with wars and frequent regime changes leading to the loss of a large number of documents and the decline of technology and civilization; The Later Zhou General Zhao Kuangyin seized the throne through the Chen Qiao Mutiny and established the Song Dynasty. The Song Dynasty was a dynasty in Chinese history that inherited the Qiyuan Dynasty under the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, divided into two stages, the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, with a total of eighteen emperors and 319 years of the country.
In 960, Zhao Kuangyin, a general of the Later Zhou Forbidden Army, ascended the throne as emperor through the "Chen Qiao Mutiny" and established the Song Dynasty;
In 961, Zhao Kuangyin regained all the military power through the "release of military power through a cup of wine";
In 962, Zhao Kuangyin destroyed Hou Shu,
In 971, Zhao Kuangyin destroyed the Southern Han Dynasty,
In 975, Zhao Kuangyin destroyed the Southern Tang Dynasty,
In 976, Zhao Kuangyin died mysteriously, and was known as Song Taizu;
Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin in the film and television drama
In 976, Zhao Kuangyin's younger brother Zhao Guangyi ascended the throne, and was known as Emperor Taizong of Song;
In 978, in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, wu yue returned the land to the Song Dynasty, and all the cities and pools under its jurisdiction were dedicated to the Song Dynasty;
In 979, Zhao Guangyi personally led an army to destroy the Northern Han Dynasty.
In the same year, Zhao Guangyi attacked the Liao state after destroying the Northern Han Dynasty, and Zhao Guangyi was wounded and returned;
In 980, Yang Ye broke the Liao army at Yanmen Pass, threatening the Khitans;
In 986, Zhao Guangyi sent Yang Ye to attack the Liao state, and the Song Dynasty was defeated, and Yang Ye was captured and killed;
In 997, Zhao Guangyi died;
Song Taizong Zhao Guangyi in the film and television drama
In 997, Zhao Heng, the True Emperor of Song, ascended the throne, and "there is a golden house in the book, and there is a Yan Ruyu in the book" is from Song Zhenzong;
In 1004, Emperor Shengzong of Liao personally led a large army to attack the Song Dynasty, and Emperor Zhenzong of Song, at the suggestion of the chancellor Kou Zhun, personally marched to fight the Liao army at Liaoyuan (澶元, in present-day western Puyang County, Henan) outside the capital Fenjing.
In 1005, emperor Zhenzong of Song, despite the advice of the chancellor Kou Zhun, paid an annual tribute of 300,000 taels of silver and 200,000 silk horses to the Liao as "old coins", and reconciled with the Alliance of Liaoyuan, known in history as the "Alliance of Liaoyuan", in exchange for a hundred years of peace.
In 1008, Emperor Zhenzong of Song "sealed Zen Taishan",
In 1012, Liu Fei of the film and television drama "Tanuki Cat for Prince" was made empress by Song Zhenzong.
In 1022, Emperor Zhenzong of Song died;
Song Zhenzong in film and television dramas
In 1022, the 13-year-old Emperor Renzong of Song ascended the throne, during which Empress Liu acted as an agent for state affairs.
In 1023, the Song Dynasty issued the earliest paper money in China, "Jiaozi", also known as "Guanjiaozi" and "Private Jiaozi".
In 1033, Empress Liu died of illness, and Emperor Renzong of Song officially took over the government.
In 1038, the Northern Song dynasty "Li Yuanhao" claimed that the emperor established Western Xia,
In 1043, Emperor Renzong of Song appointed Fan Zhongyan, Wang Anshi, and others to implement the reforms.
In 1063, Emperor Renzong of Song died and reigned for forty-two years, the longest reigning emperor during the Two Song Dynasties.
Song Renzong in the film and television drama
In 1063, because Emperor Renzong of Song was childless, he was succeeded by his adopted son Emperor Yingzong of Song, Zhao Shu.
In 1066, Emperor Yingzong of Song ordered Sima Guangxiu to revise the Zizhi Tongjian,
In 1067, Song Yingzong died of illness and reigned for only five years;
Song Yingzong in the film and television drama
In 1067, Emperor Shenzong of Song ascended the throne.
In 1070, Emperor Shenzong of Song appointed Wang Anshi as chancellor and presided over the change of law.
In 1075, the Song Shen Sect sent Guo Kui to lead an army against the Jiaotong army (present-day Vietnam), and in December invaded Jiaotong, forcing the King of Jiaotong, Li Qiande, to surrender.
In 1082, Emperor Shenzong of Song raised a large army to attack Western Xia, but the result was a fiasco, so he fell ill.
In 1085, Emperor Shenzong of Song died of illness at the age of 38 and reigned for 18 years;
Song Shenzong
In 1085, Emperor Zhezong of Song ascended the throne at the age of 10, and was appointed by Empress Dowager Gao.
In 1086, Empress Gao used Sima Guang and others to restore the old law and overthrow Wang Anshi's new law, which was called "Yuanyou Genghua" in history.
In 1093, Empress Dowager Gao died, and Zhao Xu began to pro-government.
In the same year, Song Zhezong restored Wang Anshi's new law,
In 1098, the "Battle of Pingxia City" broke out, and the Song army defeated Western Xia, forcing Western Xia to make peace;
In 1100, Song Zhezong died of illness at the age of twenty-five, reigning for fifteen years.
Song Zhezong
In 1100, because Song Zhezong was childless, he was succeeded by Song Zhezong's younger brother Song Huizong Zhao Tuo, who created a calligraphic font by later generations as "thin gold body";
In 1101, Zhang Zeduan's "Map of the Upper River of the Qingming Dynasty" was included in the palace by Emperor Huizong of Song;
In 1119, the famous "Song River Rebellion" broke out in the Song Dynasty.
In 1120, the Song Dynasty broke out the "Fang La Rebellion",
In 1121, Song Jiang was defeated and captured, and in the same year, Fang La's rebellion was defeated by Tong Guan, and Fang La was killed;
In 1122, the Song Hui Sect sent Tong Guan to lead a large army to attack the Liao State, and this battle was defeated.
In 1125, the Jin army launched a major attack on the Song Dynasty and besieged Tokyo, and Emperor Huizong of Song was so frightened that his son Zhao Heng was sent to him;
In 1127, the Jin army marched south again and attacked the capital city of Tokyo, and Emperor Huizong of Song and Zhao Heng of Song Qinzong were captured.
Emperor Huizong of Song
At this point, the Northern Song Dynasty fell, and the Northern Song Dynasty, which enjoyed 167 years of statehood, officially ended.
In 1127, Emperor Huizong of Song's son Zhao Zhuo ascended the throne in Nanjing, called Emperor Gaozong of Song and known historically as the Southern Song Dynasty;
In 1128, Emperor Gaozong of Song fled to Yangzhou in order to escape the Jin army.
In 1130, the Jin Dynasty attacked Lin'an, and Emperor Gaozong of Song fled again.
In 1134, Yue Fei led the Yue family army in the first Northern Expedition to retake Xiangyang.
In 1138, Emperor Gaozong of Song officially established the capital lin'an,
In the same year, Qin Ju knelt at the feet of Jin Guo on behalf of Emperor Gaozong of Song to reach the first collegial agreement.
In 1139, the Jin state tore up the collegiality and attacked the Song again.
In 1140, Yue Fei defeated the Jin army at the Battle of Haocheng, but was recalled by Emperor Gaozong of Song with the "Twelve Golden Medals".
In 1141, the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty signed the Humiliating Treaty of Shaoxing Peace.
In 1142, Yue Fei was killed on charges of "false accusations";
In 1161, the Jin Dynasty completed Yan Liang's attack on the Song again from the south, and the Song army defeated the Jin army at Quarry Rock.
In 1162, Emperor Gaozong of Song, who reigned for 35 years, was placed in the place of his adopted son Zhao Xuan (赵昚), who was the son of Emperor Xiaozong of Song;
Song Gaozong in the film and television drama
In 1163, Emperor Xiaozong of Song sent troops to the Northern Expedition, known in history as the "Longxing Northern Expedition".
In 1164, Emperor Xiaozong of Song's Northern Expedition failed and was forced to sign the Humiliating Treaty of Longxing Peace.
In 1187, Emperor Gaozong of Song, who had been emperor for 25 years, died at the age of 81.
In 1189, Emperor Xiaozong of Song, who reigned for only 27 years, was in the position of his son Zhao Xuan (赵惇), known historically as Emperor Guangzong of Song;
Song Xiaozong
In 1192, the cowardly Song Guangzong was seized power by Empress Li Fengniang.
In 1194, Emperor Xiaozong of Song, who had been emperor for five years, died.
In 1194, Emperor Guangzong of Song, who reigned for only five years, took the throne of Zhao Kuo, the son of Emperor Zhao, and was known as Emperor Ningzong of Song;
Song Guangzong
In 1200, Emperor Guangzong of Song, who had been emperor for six years, died.
In 1206, Emperor Ningzong of Song sent troops to the Northern Expedition to the Jin Dynasty, known in history as the "Kaixi Northern Expedition".
In 1207, Emperor Ningzong of Song's Northern Expedition failed.
In 1208, the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty signed the Humiliating Treaty of Jiading peace.
In 1217, Jin Xuanzong of the Jin Dynasty was defeated by the Mongols and forced to move the capital to Fenjing.
In 1224, Emperor Ningzong of Song, who reigned for 30 years, died;
Song Ningzong
In 1224, Zhao Yun was proclaimed emperor by the powerful minister Shi Miyuan, and became Emperor Lizong of Song, and in the early days of his reign, the powerful minister Shi Miyuan presided over the imperial government.
In 1233, Shi Miyuan died of illness, and Song Lizong began to pro-government.
In 1234, the Song Li sect sent the Southern Song Dynasty and the Mongols to reach an agreement to jointly destroy the Jin, and in the same year, the Jin Kingdom fell;
In 1235, the Mongols attacked the Southern Song Dynasty in an all-out manner, and the "Song-Mongolian War", which lasted for more than 40 years, broke out;
In 1264, Zhao Yun, who reigned for 41 years, died at the age of 60;
In 1264, because Song Lizong was childless, he was succeeded by his nephew Zhao Yu and called Song Duzong;
In 1265, Emperor Duzong of Song worshipped Jia Xiangdao as a taishi, so Jia Rudao began to monopolize power;
In 1267, the six-year-long "Battle of Xiangfan" broke out, and the Yuan Dynasty was finally victorious;
In 1274, Emperor Zhao Ofe of Song, who reigned for only 10 years, died of a thirst for alcohol at the age of 35;
Song Duzong
In 1274, at the age of 3, Zhao Xian ascended the throne as Emperor Gong of Song, and was initially controlled by Empress Xie and Jia Xiangdao;
In 1275, Jia Rudao led the last elite of the Southern Song Dynasty to fight against the Yuan army, but was defeated miserably;
In 1276, the Yuan army conquered the capital Lin'an, and the five-year-old Emperor Gong of Song and Empress Xie were captured;
Emperor Gong of Song
In 1276, Wen Tianxiang ascended the throne at the age of seven, and was known as Emperor Duanzong of Song;
In 1277, Emperor Duanzong of Song fell into the water on his way to escape and became ill;
In 1278, at the age of 9, Song Duanzong died of illness;
Song Duanzong
In 1278, Lu Xiufu and others supported the 6-year-old Zhao Fu to take the throne, called Song Huaizong, also known as the late Song Emperor;
In 1279, the Southern Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty launched a decisive battle at Yashan Mountain, and the Southern Song Dynasty Prime Minister Lu Xiufu committed suicide by jumping into the sea at Yashan Mountain with the late Song Emperor on his back, known in history as the "Battle of Yashan Sea";
Emperor of the Late Song Dynasty
The Southern Song Dynasty, which had enjoyed 152 years of national life, was thus destroyed, and a total of nine emperors were passed down.
As a result, the Song Dynasty, which inherited the Qiyuan Dynasty under the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms in Chinese history, enjoyed three hundred and nineteen years and officially perished.
The Song Dynasty was an era of high prosperity in commodity economy, culture and education, and scientific innovation in China's history, and during the Song Dynasty, Confucianism was revived, Cheng Zhu Lixue appeared, and science and technology developed rapidly.
Chinese historian Chen Yinke once said: "The culture of the Chinese nation, which has evolved over thousands of years, was created in the world of Zhao and Song dynasties.
Some scholars in Western and Japanese historiography also believe that the Song Dynasty was a period of Renaissance and economic revolution in Chinese history.