This article is the 583rd original article of the "Burning Island Group", author: The Group Lord Flying Dragon.
The full text is 6073 words, with 20 pictures, it takes 17 minutes to read, and it was first published on August 22, 2021.
Included on the album "Fifty Years of the War of Resistance"
The next thing to talk about is the C and B coastal defense ships.
Although the 900-ton type A and type B coastal defense ships have advantages in anti-submarine and endurance self-sustaining capabilities, due to the difficulty of mass production, the number has been insufficient, so the Headquarters of Ship Administration proposed to reduce the tonnage of coastal defense ships, the basic armament remains unchanged, and further shorten the construction time to meet the urgent needs of maritime escort warfare. The shipyards of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and the Nippon Steel Pipe Company began building a new type of coastal defense ship with a displacement of only 745 tons later in the war: the "Type 1 Coastal Defense Ship", which most sources refer to as the "Type C Coastal Defense Ship".
Figure 1. Model painting of the Type C coastal defense ship (type I), characterized by diesel power, is numbered odd
Although the tonnage of the C type coastal defense ship is reduced, the air defense and anti-submarine capability is not weaker than that of the previous type A coastal defense ship, but due to the reduction of space, the habitability on the ship is very poor. Starting with the C type coastal defense ships, the Japanese Navy no longer named the coastal defense ships, only giving a number number, the C type was named after an odd number, and the later Type D coastal defense ships were named with even numbers.
Figure 2. Model Painting: Pelican-class coastal defense ship (rear) and Type 13 submarine against the Shark-class submarine
Figure 3. Model Painting: Depth charges are being dropped on the stern of the C coastal defense ship (late type).
Figure 4. Type C Coastal Defense Ship No. 17 was sunk by U.S. Army Aviation bombers in January 1945
The Japanese Navy plans to build 133 Type C coastal defense ships, rapid mass production at a rate of 4 per month, and eventually 56 were completed, of which 23 were sunk in the war, and the C coastal defense ships have only 4 U.S. submarines. After the war, 7 C-type coastal defense ships - "67", "81", "85", "87", "107", "205", "215" compensated China, of which "81" was renamed "Shenyang" and "85" was renamed "Ji'an", and joined the People's Navy in 1949.
Receiving No. 7 ships: Type C coastal defense ship "No. 67" ("Yingkou/Ruian/Wenzhou" ship, the second batch of compensation ships)
Completed at the Maizuru Naval Plant on November 12, 1944, on August 14, 1945, the day before the Emperor of Japan announced his surrender, he was damaged by a mine outside Kokushi Port and extradited to China on July 6, 1947. Equally fortunate with the "Jie 5" ship (Ding-type coastal defense ship "No. 14"), the ship was successfully "activated" because the custodian officer recruited enough crew members in time, and officially joined the navy after the navy's Jiangnan Shipbuilding Institute was equipped with weapons, and got the new name "Yingkou", which was taken from the coastal city of Yingkou City, located at the mouth of the Liaohe River in Liaoning Province (the city was the first port opened to the outside world in the modern history of northeast China, and was also one of the birthplaces and issuing places of the famous "Great Dragon Stamp"), and was listed under the name of the 2nd Fleet of Coastal Defense.
Figure 5. Yingkou (former Japanese Navy Type C coastal defense ship "No. 67")
On April 23, 1949, part of the ships of the 2nd Coastal Defense Fleet, under the leadership of The Commander General Lin Zun, revolted on the Nanjing River, and the "Yingkou" ship, which was moored on the Jiangyin River at that time, refused to revolt, and under the command of Captain Qiu Zhongming, followed the captain of the "Yongjia" ship Chen Qingkun to break through in the direction of Shanghai, and arrived in Shanghai in the early morning of April 24. On the eve of the liberation of Shanghai, the ship was ordered to withdraw to Zhenhai, Zhejiang Province, and before leaving, the anti-smuggling ship "Hexing" (formerly an American-made AM minesweeper) abandoned by the customs in Shanghai was towed away.
On June 1, 1949, the ship was reorganized into the 5th Detachment of the 1st Fleet of Coastal Defense, successively participated in the mainland coastal blockade operation and the Hainan Island defense operation, on November 6 the ship was changed to the 3rd Fleet, after the withdrawal of Hainan Island, the ship was active in the coastal areas of Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang for a long time, on June 1, 1950, it was fixed as hull number 73, renamed "Ruian", the name of the ship was taken from Ruian County, Zhejiang Province, on July 1, 1952 it was changed to the 42nd Squadron of the 4th Fleet, and on September 7, 1954, it participated in the shelling of the artillery positions of the Xiamen People's Liberation Army In retaliation for the massive shelling of Kinmen by the People's Liberation Army on September 3, the ship was converted to a patrol fleet on January 1, 1955, and decommissioned and delisted on August 31.
Receiving No. 15 ships: Type C coastal defense ship "No. 85" ("Ji'an" ship, the second batch of compensation ships)
Figure 6. Receiving the No. 15 ship: Type C coastal defense ship "No. 85", later renamed "Ji'an", this is a photo of the preparation for handover
On May 31, 1945, the Japanese steel pipe Tsurumi Shipyard was completed, and on August 31, 1947, it was compensated to China and renamed "Ji'an", which was taken from Ji'an County, Jiangxi Province (in the fourteenth year of Zhengde of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Shouren began to quell the rebellion launched by Zhu Chenhao, the king of Dingning, based on Ji'an).
On April 23, 1949, after the Launch of the People's Liberation Army Battle of crossing the river, most of the ships of the 2nd Fleet of Coastal Defense declared an uprising, and the ship was also led by captain Song Jihong, so on April 28, it was bombed and sunk in Yanziji, fortunately the crew survived because they went ashore to study, and although the ship was salvaged out of the water, it was too badly injured and lost its repair value and was not repaired, only the still intact armament was disassembled and maintained for the arming of the rest of the warships of the East China Military Region Navy, and the remaining hull was dismantled.
Received from No. 16: Type C coastal defense ship "No. 205" ("Xin'an/Chang'an" ship, the second batch of compensation ships)
On October 30, 1944, the Niigata Iron Works Niigata Shipyard was completed, and on July 31, 1947, it was officially extradited to China, the last of the second batch of Japanese compensation ships, in May 1948 it was renamed "Xin'an", the name of the ship was taken from Xin'an County, Zhejiang Province, and in July it was renamed "Chang'an", taken from Chang'an County, Shaanxi Province, because of the poor condition of the ship, the ship was always idle after being received and then in Shanghai Wusongkou, in the state of custody, and was not "activated".
On the eve of the liberation of Shanghai in May 1949, the ship was judged to have repair value and was towed to Keelung, Taiwan, to join the training fleet. On September 26, 1954, due to the typhoon, it lost its fixed and final reef, which was seriously damaged and judged to have completely lost its repair value; At the same time, due to the arrival of a large number of US reinforcement ships, a dilapidated Japanese coastal defense ship has lost its significance, and the ship was decommissioned on February 16, 1950, canceled on March 1, and was soon demolished.
Received no. 22 ships: Type C coastal defense ship "No. 81" ("Huang'an/Shenyang" ship, the third batch of compensation ships)
On February 21, 1949, taking advantage of the opportunity of captain Liu Guangchao's vacation ashore in Qingdao, 65 people, including Officers and Men Ju Qingzhen and Liu Houzeng, launched an uprising, took control of the deputy captain and others, and sailed the "Huang'an" ship at full speed to the liberated Lianyungang and arrived on March 13, becoming the first naval vessel to successfully revolt (earlier than the "Chongqing").
Figure 7. The rebels of the "Huang'an" ship took a group photo on the ship
Figure 8. After the "Huang'an" warship uprising, the People's Liberation Army is urgently repairing, and it can be seen that the camouflage net on the ship is still there
On March 15, the ship was retaliated against by Kuomintang Air Force aircraft, sunk in Lianyungang (a said to be injured by the explosion), and was successfully salvaged and repaired by the People's Liberation Army organization, and was incorporated into the 6th Fleet of the East China Navy, renamed "Shenyang", and the name of the ship was taken from Shenyang City, Liaoning Province.
Since the navy had not yet been established at this time, the Shenyang ship was under the command of the 32nd Army of the People's Liberation Army, that is, the Shenyang ship at this time was essentially an "army marine team". After the establishment of the People's Navy, the "Shenyang" ship was changed to the East China Navy, becoming the first generation of "Shenyang" ships of the People's Navy (there is also a ship with the same name on the other side).
On November 1, 1954, the "Shenyang" participated in the sinking of the Kuomintang Navy's escort destroyer Taiping in the waters of Dachen Island, covering the attack of the torpedo boat and sinking its opponent in one fell swoop.
Figure 9. Probably a photograph from the battle to liberate Ichijiangshan Island
On January 18, 1955, the Shenyang participated in the Battle of Yijiangshan Island, and together with three other warships supported the infantry landing. The ship approached and fired, destroying several fire points on the island in succession, creating the miracle of "using the 100 mm main gun as a heavy machine gun". The Shenyang was in use until it was decommissioned in 1972 and dismantled in 1980.
Receiving No. 23: Type C coastal defense ship "No. 107" ("Chao'an" ship)
Figure 10. Type C coastal defense ship "No. 107"
During the construction process, the Japanese surrender was ushered in, and it was not until May 30, 1946 that it was completed as a "special transport ship" at the Steel Pipe Tsurumi Shipyard, and after completing the special transport ship mission, it was officially extradited to China in Qingdao on August 30, 1947, and renamed "Chao'an" on May 1, 1948, with the name of the ship taken from Chao'an County, Guangdong Province.
In February 1949, the incapacitated Chao'an ship was towed from Tsingtao to Taijilong. In the early 1950s, the Taiwan Navy lacked warships, and the ship was in relatively good condition, so it was selected for renovation and re-service, and on December 1, the ship joined the 3rd Coastal Defense Fleet, positioned as a patrol ship, and the first combat operation was to participate in the defense of Hainan Island, hainan Island was captured by the People's Liberation Army and transferred to the 4th Detachment of the 1st Fleet on June 1, 1950, hull number 74.
After the PLA shelled Kinmen in 1954, the ship took part in a retaliatory shelling of the PLA artillery position in Xiamen. On 25 September, the ship ran aground in a storm on its way to Magong, causing serious damage and abandoned, and was decommissioned on 16 December.
Receiving No. 8 ships: Type C coastal defense ship "No. 215" (unnamed, the first compensation ships)
Completed on December 30, 1944 at the Niigata Iron Works Niigata Shipyard, and officially extradited to China on July 6, 1947, it was the last of the first Japanese compensation ships, because of the poor condition of the ship, the Navy obeyed the instructions of the National Government and handed over the ship to the Executive Yuan, which transferred it to the Ministry of Education as a practice ship for the Merchant Marine School, and on June 24, 1948, the ship was handed over to the National Liaohai Merchant Marine College in Huludao, and the ship was officially delisted from the Navy on November 1. In 1949, the ship was withdrawn to Taiwan with the school, the follow-up situation is unknown, it is said that it was rearmed after being accepted by the Taiwan regional navy, and served until 1960 dismantling.
Type D coastal defense ship:
Due to japan's lack of resources at the end of the war, it was unable to continue to mass-produce marine diesel engines, and could only use steam engines instead of power units, which was known as the second type of coastal defense ship, which was also the last coastal defense ship designed and produced by the Japanese Navy.
The standard displacement of the D-type coastal defense ship is 740 tons, the maximum speed is 17 knots, and it is equipped with two single-barrel 120 mm guns, two 25 mm triple guns, in addition to a three-type mortar.
Figure 11. Ding-type coastal defense ship
Figure 12. Model painting: D-type coastal defense ship
Due to the use of steam engines, there are decreases in speed and endurance, fuel consumption has increased significantly, and it is necessary to carry twice as much heavy oil as the C-type coastal defense ship when sailing, but the basic anti-submarine capability has not decreased. With 143 planned ships, 67 were actually built, making it the largest number of coastal defense ships of all classes in the Japanese Navy.
In the seaguard warfare at the end of the war, the C and D coastal defense ships formed an important main force of the Japanese Navy's frigates, and the D coastal defense ships lost a total of 25 ships in the war. Among the surviving Ding-type coastal defense ships, the Ships Nos. 14, 40, 104, 118, 192, 194, and 198 were compensated to China, of which the 14th, 118th, 194th, and 198th ships were taken over by the People's Navy and renamed "Wuchang", "Changsha", "Jinan", and "Xi'an" respectively, and the other three were renamed "Tong'an", "Cheng'an", and "Tai'an", which belonged to the cross-strait camp to resist the general trend of reunification.
Receiving No. 5 ships: Ding-type coastal defense ship "No. 14" ("Wuchang" ship, the first batch of compensation ships)
It was completed at the Yokosuka Naval Factory on March 27, 1944, compensated to China on July 6, 1947, and transferred by the Executive Yuan to the Zhejiang Outer Sea Police Bureau as a patrol vessel on June 26, 1948, but due to its inability to use, it was returned to the Navy at the end of December, and since then the ship and the 14th ship (the Ding-type coastal defense ship "No. 198") have been shelved on the banks of the Huangpu River, becoming two piles of rusty hulls.
Figure 13. Later, the "Pick-up 5" (No. 14 of the Ding-type Coastal Defense Ship), which later became the "Wuchang" ship, was in an abandoned state at this time, and the armament had been dismantled
In May 1950, the two destroyed ships began to be renovated, and after being equipped with artillery, they were named "Wuchang" and "Xi'an" respectively. On August 1, 1956, when the ship anchored in Xiangshan Port, Zhejiang Province to avoid typhoons, the anchor ran aground due to excessive wind and waves, sat on the bottom of the reef, and was finally scrapped.
Receiving No. 6 ships: Ding-type coastal defense ship "No. 194" ("Weihai/Jinan" ship, the first batch of compensation ships)
It was completed on March 31, 1945 at the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Nagasaki Shipyard, and on July 6, 1947, it was compensated to China and renamed "Weihai". On April 23, 1949, the ship was hit and stranded by PLA artillery fire in Jiangyin, but after repairing it, it joined the People's Navy sequence in April 1950, changed its name to "Jinan", and replaced The Japanese weapons with two Soviet 100 mm naval guns and six 37 mm guns, and its combat effectiveness was improved. It was sunk as a target ship in October 1975.
Figure 14. After the repair, the "Jinan" ship has a unique camouflage
Received from No. 12 ships: D-type coastal defense ship "No. 118" ("Changsha" ship, the second batch of compensation ships)
It was completed on December 27, 1944 at the Quanzhou Shipyard in Kawasaki, and on July 31, 1947, it was compensated to China, and after being accepted, it was handed over to the Ministry of Education as a practice ship for the "National Maritime School". After the liberation of Shanghai in May 1949, the former Japanese warship, which had no time to tow to Taiwan, was renamed "Changsha", number 216, and joined the People's Navy.
Between June and September 1949, the "Changsha" was ordered to cruise the Yangtze River between Shanghai, Nanjing, Jiujiang, and Wuhan to pick up and drop off naval cadets, during which time it was bombed several times by the Kuomintang Air Force, but did not cause major damage.
Figure 15. It may be the "Changsha" ship of the People's Liberation Army Navy
In January 1950, the "Changsha" was inspected in Wuhan by Lin Biao, commander of the Fourth Field Army and commander of the Central and Southern Military Region. After the Japanese weapons were completely dismantled, two Soviet 100 mm naval guns and five 37 mm secondary guns were reinstalled, equipped with radar and optical commanders, becoming a thousand-ton gun frigate suitable for coastal combat and full of firepower.
In June 1975, the "Changsha" ship sailed to the Zhoushan Offshore Test Zone for the 22nd submarine detachment of the East China Sea Fleet No. 242 to shoot targets. To say that the quality of this ship is really OK, it was directly hit by a torpedo and did not sink. Later, the East China Sea Fleet sent other ships and bombers to bomb and bomb, and finally sank this old Ship of World War II.
Received from no. 13 ships: D-type coastal defense ship "No. 192" ("Tong'an" ship, the second batch of compensation ships)
Completed on February 28, 1945 at the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Nagasaki Shipyard, compensated to China on July 31, 1947, the Japanese ship acquired the new ship name "Tong'an" (the name of the ship was taken from Tong'an County, Fujian Province) on May 1, 1948, and was idle in Wusongkou to do nothing, on the eve of Shanghai abandonment in May 1949, it was towed to Keelung, Taiwan, because it still had restoration value, and on October 1, it was incorporated into the training fleet to prepare for repairs, but due to the poor condition of the ship, the lack of accessories, and insufficient funds, the ship gave up repairs in 1950. It was again relegated to a mothballed storage ship, and on March 1, 1951, the ship was scrapped and sent to the shipbreaking yard to disintegrate, leaving only the available parts for maintenance of the remaining Japanese compensatory ships.
Figure 16. "Tong'an" ship, former Ding-type coastal defense ship "No. 192"
Receiving no. 14 ships: Ding-type coastal defense ship "No. 198" ("Xi'an" ship, the second batch of compensation ships)
It was completed on March 31, 1945 at the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Nagasaki Shipyard, compensated to China on July 31, 1947, and on June 26, 1948, the Ship No. 5 (the Ding-type coastal defense ship "No. 14") was transferred by the Executive Yuan to the Zhejiang Outer Sea Police Bureau as a patrol vessel, and because it could not be used, it was returned to the Navy at the end of December and remained on the banks of the Huangpu River.
Figure 17. Received from the No. 14 ship: the Ding-type coastal defense ship "No. 198", which was not used by the Kuomintang Navy and abandoned the Huangpu River in Shanghai
Figure 18. The "Xi'an" ship (hull number 220) of the People's Liberation Army Navy period, the former Ding-type coastal defense ship "No. 198"
In May 1950, the two ships began to be sent to the Navy's Jiangnan Shipbuilding Institute for maintenance and incorporation into the 2nd Naval Group of the East China Military Region, and on April 23, 1950, they were named "Xi'an", the name of the ship was taken from Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, and it was listed in the 6th Fleet of the East China Navy. He retired around 1975.
Receiving No. 20 ships: Ding-type coastal defense ship "No. 40" ("Cheng'an" ship, the third batch of compensation ships)
It was completed on December 22, 1944 at the Fujinagada Shipyard and survived the war. Unlike the Japanese ships, which are usually used for special transport ships, the ship was first converted as a minesweeper to clear mines off the coast of Japan, and after the minesweeper mission was lifted, it was officially extradited to China on August 30, 1947, in Qingdao.
Unable to recruit enough crew, the ship remained idle in Qingdao, in custody, only to be rearmed in March 1948 and renamed "Cheng'an" on May 1, taking its name from Cheng'an County, Handan City, Hebei Province. After the formation of the army, it was temporarily incorporated into the Navy's 2nd Fleet to cooperate with the army in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea.
With the retreat of the Kuomintang army on the Pingjin battlefield, the ship successively participated in the yantai, Weihai, Tanggu and Qingdao retreats. On December 17, 1949, the ship was transferred to the 3rd Coastal Defense Fleet to participate in the Zhanjiang withdrawal and hainan island operations, during which the ship was damaged by the PLA artillery, and was towed by the "Wugong" ship to Penghu Magong for maintenance on December 24, the ship participated in the withdrawal of Hainan Island on April 22, 1950, and on June 1, it was reorganized into the 8th Detachment of the 2nd Fleet, with the fixed stern number 72.
Figure 19. "Cheng'an" ship, the original Ding-type coastal defense ship "No. 40"
On September 8, 1951, the ship sank the People's Liberation Army ship Saijiang in the waters off the nearby coastal island of Meguchi. On July 16, 1953, the ship took part in a failed operation to support the raid on Dongshan Island in Fujian Province. In 1954 the ship was reinforced at the Navy's 2nd Shipyard, replacing some of the 20 mm machine guns with a 40 mm machine gun, and on January 1, 1955 the ship was converted to a patrol fleet and decommissioned on October 1, 1958.
Receiving No. 21 ships: Ding-type coastal defense ship "No. 104" ("Tai'an" ship, the third batch of compensation ships)
Completed on January 31, 1945 at the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Nagasaki Shipyard, it survived the war and was converted as a minesweeper to clear mines off the coast of Japan, and was officially extradited to China on August 30, 1947 in Qingdao. The ship remained idle in Qingdao until it was rearmed on October 1, 1948, when it was named "Tai'an" on May 1, taken from Tai'an County, Shandong Province.
The ship's subsequent experience was highly similar to that of the "Cheng'an", on June 1, 1950 the ship was changed to the 8th Detachment of the 2nd Fleet, hull number 71, on June 22, the ship captured the mainland Minsheng Company merchant ship "Taihu" in Guangdong Wailingyang, in 1952 the ship participated in the raid on Nanri Island, on January 1, 1955 the ship was transferred to the patrol fleet, and decommissioned on October 1, 1958.
Figure 20. "Tai'an" ship, former Ding-type coastal defense ship "No. 104"
- To be continued, stay tuned! -