This weekend, the controversial ancient puppet drama "Dream Hualu" is about to usher in the finale!
In the play, Zhao Pan'er, the tea shop owner played by the immortal sister Liu Yifei, is skilled in tea ordering techniques, and the exquisite tea hundred plays in one hand reproduce one of the four elegant teas of the Song Dynasty: ordering tea, promoting the tea culture of the Song Dynasty.
In addition to ordering tea, in the Song Dynasty, the other three are: incense burning, hanging paintings, and flower arrangement.
Among them, incense burning ranks first among the four ya, whether it is fuqin painting or talking about poetry, the Song people burn incense everywhere.
The "Record of Dreams" says: "Burning incense and ordering tea, hanging pictures and flower arrangements, four kinds of idle things, it is not appropriate to tire the family." ”
Listen to the Qintu Song Dynasty Emperor Huizong Zhao Tuo's works are hidden in the Palace Museum
The ancients believed that the aroma produced by burning incense can communicate with the gods, so as to achieve the realm of the unity of heaven and man, and in Buddhism there is the view that "incense is the messenger of the Buddha", and it is popular to "honor the Buddha with incense".
The incense burner, as a carrier of connection with the gods, became an indispensable ceremonial instrument for this process.
Western Han Dynasty Wrong Gold copper Boshan furnace
In people's minds, the most common incense burner is usually a sitting incense burner placed in the corner of the table above, but have you ever seen a long-handled incense burner shaped like a spoon and held in your hand?
Liaoning Lotus Magpie Tail Copper Furnace Inner Mongolia Museum Collection
Spoon? Incense burner?
Long-handled incense burner, also known as incense burner, magpie tail stove, hand stove, row stove, etc., people have slightly different names for it in different periods.
Middle Tang Dynasty Yulin Grottoes Caves 25th Cave South Wall Mural
Long handle, a deep or shallow bucket at the front...
At first glance, does it feel very similar to the spoon that holds the soup?
Shandong Museum Collection Copper Gilded Lion Town Handle Incense Burner
Whether its alternative and unique shape followed Buddhism from the West to the mainland or evolved from the local incense burner is inconclusive, but it is certain that the emergence of this incense burner is related to the "xingxiang" festival that prevails in Buddhism.
Southern Song Dynasty Cheng Dachang's "Yan Fan Lu" Yun: "'Xingxiang' is the meaning of 'Xingdao Burning Incense'. The walker, the one who is fasting himself, walks around the dojo himself; Burn incense, cooked in the furnace also. ”
"Cao Yuanzhong Father and Son Offering Statue"
Since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the imperial court has held an annual "Xingxiang" festival.
That is, during the Teachings of the Master, the master faster holds an incense burner and guides the ceremonial guards to parade around the Buddha statue, altar field or street market to express their respect for the Buddha. During the Tang and Song dynasties, it was especially popular.
Southern Song Dynasty Cheng Dachang's "Yan Fan Lu" Yun: "The Eastern Wei Jing Emperor's permanent festival, riding on the incense, Gao Huan followed the furnace steps." ”
The "Diagram of the Northern Wei Emperor Xiaowen Li Fo" from the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan, is now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art
The incense burner used in the process of incense, known as the incense burner, can be placed on the table or walked in hand, and is one of the most important utensils in the "incense" ceremony.
The magpie tail furnace was excavated from the pagoda base of the Jin Dynasty Baoyan Temple in Langfang, Hebei Province
This kind of utensils can be roughly divided into two styles, one is a long-handled incense burner shaped like a lantern; The other is a porcelain incense burner without a handle.
Top: Ming Copper Row Furnace Bottom: Baofeng kiln celadon carved leaf pattern furnace on the Northern Song Dynasty
In the Northern Song Dynasty Zhao Guangfu's "Fanwang Li Buddha Diagram", the Buddha sits on a lotus platform, the Fan King makes a gesture of worship, and the person at the front of the Ceremonial Buddha Team is solemnly dressed, holding a long-handled finch tail stove, and the person behind him holds a porcelain incense burner without a handle.
It can be seen that the shape of the incense burner has become one of the important symbols of highlighting the status of identity at that time. This long-handled incense burner was generally used by the nobility.
Today we will take a look at this aristocratic vessel, a long-handled incense burner with a handle.
It is composed of a stove bucket, a stove handle and a connecting bracket, and some also have treasures for placing spices, and a stove seat and handle town for placement.
The shape of the long-handled incense burner is a network of source sources
In 1948, in the tomb of the Northern Wei Feng Demon Nu in Jingxian County, Hebei Province, a long-handled incense burner was unearthed.
Its long handle, magpie-tailed, with a bucket-shaped vessel at the tip for burning spices, and its base has been lost, making it the earliest long-handled incense burner ever found on the mainland.
A long-handled incense burner in the tomb of the Northern Wei Dynasty
From the material point of view, the long-handled incense burner is mainly metal, of which copper is the most common, and there are a small number of gold incense burners and silver incense burners.
You know, at that time, the metal was mainly used for minting money, because its material was more expensive, and only the high-ranking officials and nobles could afford it.
Tang Bronze row furnace
A long-handled incense burner with different shapes
With the change of the times, the long-handled incense burners of different periods have also seen significant differences in shape.
According to the different shapes of the furnace handle, it can be roughly divided into four categories: Magpie tail furnace, town handle furnace, Ruyi handle furnace, and Lotus Baozi handle furnace.
- Magpie tail stove
The Magpie Tail Stove is the earliest form of the long-handled incense burner.
Northern Wei copper gilded magpie tail incense burner
Its long-handled tail end bends downwards, so that the incense burner has one more support point, because it resembles a magpie's tail, so it is called a magpie-tail stove.
In the early and middle Tang Dynasty, the Quewei copper handle furnace was excavated from the underground palace of Jingzhi Temple in Dingzhou, Hebei
This kind of incense burner can either walk cloth incense, can also be placed to burn incense, in Yongjing County, Gansu Province, Bingling Temple 69 caves in the Western Qin murals, has found the earliest Quewei furnace in the mainland, to the Song Dynasty, this shape of the long-handled incense burner is also very common.
Dunhuang Tibetan Scripture Cave "Guiding The Bodhisattva Diagram"
The following Magpie Tail Furnace, made of copper, comes from the Jingzhi Temple Pagoda Base Palace in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Northern Song Dynasty Jingzhi Temple Pagoda Base Palace Quewei Furnace
It is composed of a long handle, a furnace body, a base, and a treasure. The furnace body is open, the base is lotus petal-shaped, there is a lotus petal-shaped treasure on the stove handle for placing spices, the tail of the stove handle is magpie tail, carved banana leaf pattern, no lid, it is estimated that it has been lost.
- Town handle stove
The town handle furnace is an evolution of the magpie tail furnace, which folds outward at the tail end of the stove handle, and places the town tail of the beast on it.
Tang Dynasty rosewood gold handle incense burner Shosoin collection in Japan
The Tang Dynasty long-handled incense burner now in the Luoyang Museum has a gilded beast squatting on a lotus seat at the tail, with a unique shape, which is a burial item of the tomb of the Seven Ancestors of Zen In the Tang Dynasty, which is of great significance for the study of Tang Dynasty Zen Buddhism.
The Tang Dynasty long-handled incense burner is now in the Luoyang Museum
- Ruyi handle stove
The tail of the handle is first down, and then folded upwards, such a long-handled incense burner is called a ruyi handle stove.
This long-handled incense burner has been unearthed less often, and at present, only one piece has been unearthed in the Pagoda Underground Palace of Famen Temple.
Ruyi long-handled silver incense burner The underground palace of Famen Temple was excavated
It is 8.6cm high, 45.5 cm long, silver, the furnace bucket is trumpet-shaped, deep belly, a ruyi-shaped handle on the side of the furnace bucket, the upper side is engraved: "Xiantong Thirteen Years WentiYuan made silver and white into a hand stove and incense treasure zi weighed a total of twelve hundred and twenty-five dollars." Create the Capital Zhichen Wu Jingrong, the judge Gao Pinchen Liu Qianyi, the deputy envoy Gao Pinchen Gao Shihou, and the envoy Hongyu."
- Lotus treasure handle furnace
Finally, let's talk about the most dignified and unique shape of the long-handled incense burner: the lotus treasure handle stove.
Song copper row furnace
This kind of incense burner, the overall shape is like a blooming lotus, the use of materials is exquisite, exquisite workmanship, first seen in the Middle Tang Dynasty, in the Song and Liao period is very common.
The following lotus-shaped hand-held silver incense burner excavated from the Chifeng Liao Tomb in Inner Mongolia is a typical lotus treasure handle furnace.
Liao Dynasty Lotus-shaped hand holding silver incense burner Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
Its overall shape is cleverly made and lotus, the large lotus flower hides the incense burner, the small lotus flower hides the incense treasure seed (spice bottle), the lotus stem is the stalk, and a lotus leaf is covered so that it can play a supporting role when placed.
In the mural "BijingTu" in the tomb of Xiabali Liao in Hebei Province, the row stove placed on the case is almost exactly the same as this lotus incense burner.
Mural painting in the tomb of Bali liao in lower Hebei Province
Compared with the lotus-shaped silver incense burner above, the shape of the Northern Song Dynasty silver gilt lotus flower treasure incense burner excavated from the Northern Song Dynasty Changgan Temple's real pagoda underground palace, which is now in the Nanjing Museum, is more complicated and cumbersome.
Northern Song Dynasty silver gilt lotus flower treasure incense burner
Not only are there more Buddha statues and lotus flowers, but also two buds with buds waiting to be released are even more vivid, showing luxury and wealth.
However, I always feel that this incense burner unearthed from Changgan Temple is a bit strange, the big lotus part seems to be bent, the actual line should be the same as the one unearthed from the Liao Tomb, and the lotus flower stretches forward. However, probably no one dared to break it, so they could only appreciate it like this.
Northern Song Dynasty silver gilt lotus flower treasure incense burner
Mr J said:
"Yingshan yellow hat mantis head boat, sandwich road green smoke magpie tail furnace."
Compared with the seated incense burner, this long-handled incense burner can be placed on a tabletop or walked in hand. It is born of people's needs, and it becomes exquisite under the interpretation of craftsmen. Nowadays, this unique incense burner has slowly disappeared into the long river of history, but it still leaves a glimpse on the trajectory of history as a witness of the times.
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