There are parasites in the sashimi!
What's so strange, and it's not the first time I've heard of it, just eat it!
wait! Before eating, you still have to understand what parasites are in the fish, which are easy to have co-infection with mermaids, and how to prevent them?
Let's start with a few examples.
Case 1: A woman in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, suddenly had unbearable abdominal pain at home, so she rushed to a nearby hospital for treatment. During the examination, doctors found parasites and eggs in the woman's bile. It is reported that the patient is very fond of eating raw salmon, and in December 2019, the patient's son bought her a lot of raw fish meat. She ate a lot. Doctors suspect that this illness is related to the last time a large consumption of raw fish meat.
Case 2: A 25-year-old female patient in Tokyo, Japan, went to the hospital and said that her throat was uncomfortable and tingling, and the doctor found a worm in her tonsils that was still alive. In the end, the doctors surgically removed a black worm 38 mm long and 1 mm wide from her tonsils. After the operation, the patient's symptoms quickly disappeared, and the worm was still alive when it was removed, and was identified as a roundworm that could hide in sashimi or raw meat. It turned out that this female patient, 5 days before the operation, she had eaten a variety of sashimi. Doctors said the worm was a fourth-stage larvae, and in sashimi, it was the third stage that caused the female patient's sore throat.
Case 3: In 2017, a Japanese man who suffered from eating sashimi in large quantities all year round caused a headache and was paralyzed and bedridden, when the doctor performed craniotomy on him, he was surprised to find that a large number of fish parasites were densely growing in his skull.
An analytical research paper published in Global Change Biology by a research team at the University of Washington revealed that between 1978 and 2015, the number of heterocephalus parasitic in marine organisms increased by 283 times worldwide, which undoubtedly sounded the alarm for people who like to eat sashimi.
Hearing this, many people must ask, since there are so many questions, why should people eat sashimi?
From the perspective of nutrition, raw fish meat has not undergone traditional cooking methods such as frying, frying, steaming, etc., so the nutrients have not been lost at all, raw fish meat has nearly 19g of protein per 100g, and it is also rich in trace minerals and vitamins, related scientific research has found that many vitamins will appear more serious loss after cooking, raw fish meat will not have such a problem, in addition, raw fish meat also has a certain role in promoting people's appetite, because it is not cooked, it will not be so greasy, It is more in line with some of the tastes of modern people. It is a very nutritious dish.
So what are the parasites on the fish and shrimp, and which belong to the mermaid communion?
The world of freshwater fish and shrimp parasites is very colorful and includes: Chinese loach, anchorhead loach, wheel worm, cryptofloa, filaria, oblique tube worm, small melon worm, caterpillar, capillary worm, coccidioides, tongue cup worm, straw worm, iodine sporidium, myxosporium, hook larvae, blood-dwelling fluke worm, three generations of worms, Jiujiang head taenia, tongue tapeworm, amoeba, echinospermum, fish monster worm, spiny band fluke, tail spore, ciliate, finger ringworm, pseudo-ringworm, tongue worm... Wait a minute.
Marine fish and shrimp parasites are: fish flounder, heterocephalus, Taenia schizocephalus, Taenia macrosynis, Pseudacers, Microsporidium, Myxosporidium, Cryptonucleus, Cupworm, Vallobite, Brookworm, Rick's Worm, Shield Ciliate, Planarians, Benis, SeaPanworms, Fitted Pieceworms... Wait a minute.
There are many types of parasites parasitizing fish, but a large part of them are only harmful to fish and shrimp, these parasites are of special concern to the fish farming industry, but we mainly discuss the parasites that raw fish and shrimp may encounter, and the parasites that are susceptible to infection by raw freshwater fish and shrimp are: liver flukes, Yokogawa posterior flukes, broad-segmented tapeworms, jaw-mouth nematodes, spinous flukes, special-shaped trematodes, etc. Here we pick the most infected liver flukes: liver flukes, also known as Chinese mycodycardia, were first found in the bile ducts of an overseas Chinese in Kolkata in 1874, and the existence of the disease was confirmed in China in 1908. In 1975, the eggs of this insect were found in the feces of the ancient corpses of the Western Han Dynasty in Jiangling, Hubei Province, China, and then the eggs were found in the ancient corpses of the Warring States Chu Tomb in the county, thus proving that The trema of Chinese mycodysteriasis has a history of more than 2300 years in China.
Chondridonis, adults parasitize the bile ducts of humans or mammals. The eggs are mixed with feces with the bile entering the digestive tract and excreted, and after being swallowed by the first intermediate host freshwater snail in the water, the caterpillars hatch in the digestive tract of the snail, pass through the intestinal wall and develop in the snail, and go through three stages: cytokines and tail cymbals. Mature tail clysea escape from the snail body, encounter the second intermediate host freshwater fish, Chinese mycarditrius fluke is not strongly selective to the second intermediate host freshwater fish, the domestic has been confirmed in 12 families and 39 genera 68 species, invaded the fish body muscles and other tissues after developing into cysticer. The time it takes for cysticer larvae to enter the final host until it develops into an adult and detects eggs in the feces varies with the host species, with about 1 month for humans, about 20 to 30 days for dogs and cats, and an average of 21 days for rats. The number of adults after human infection varies widely, with as many as 21,000 adults reported. Adult worms can live up to 30 years and may cause cirrhosis and cholangitis. Moreover, the infection of Chinese myxosomes has no gender, age or race, and the population is generally susceptible.
Raw eating seawater fish shrimp are susceptible to infection of parasites are: heterocera, Taeniasis of the Sea of Japan, Taeniasis macrosophyllum, Trinchio nematode, Kudos, etc. In the case of food poisoning of fish parasites in Japan, the first culprit is heterocephalus nematode.
Xenoderma is a class of adult worms that parasitize the digestive tract of marine mammals such as whales, dolphins, seals, etc., and the larvae parasitize nematodes of marine fish and are distributed worldwide. Infection of the human body can cause visceral larval migration, causing xenocephalus nematode disease . The eggs of the xenocephalus are discharged into the seawater with the host feces, peeled twice and developed into the first stage larvae, and the first stage larvae are swallowed by the first intermediate host crustaceans such as krill and further developed into the third stage larvae, that is, infected larvae. When crustaceans are ingested by a second intermediate host, such as fish or molluscs, infected larvae inhabit their muscles or abdominal cavity, with their bodies coiled in white translucent or opaque fibrous sacs. After being preyed upon by the final host whale, the larvae burrow into the stomach wall and continue to develop into adults after two peeling in the stomach. Humans are not suitable hosts for Xenocetes, but the larvae can parasitize various parts of the human digestive tract. People are infected by ingesting marine fish and marine mollusks containing larvae. In 2013, the first case of isotidiae infection was reported in China. Among the domestically marketed marine fish, the infection rate of heterocephalus larvae in the muscles or organ tissues of small fish bodies such as mackerel, small yellow croaker and striped fish is as high as 100%, and the larvae rate of 30 species of fish and two molluscs obtained from the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea is 84%. It can be seen that there is a great potential risk of infection with isokan nematode disease in the population of China.
As a higher animal, standing at the top of the food chain, looking at the parasites struggling at the bottom, it seems to be full of control, but in fact, each choice is not easy, the more you understand, the more confused, what do you do if you love to eat sashimi?
Some people say that spices can kill parasites, and eat more mustard. In fact, scientists have studied the effectiveness of various spices on parasites. In the experiment, soaking 3 grams of mustard water per milliliter for 45-55 minutes can effectively kill parasites, but when we eat it, it is only dipped, and the time is very short. In vinegar and soy sauce, parasites survive on a daily basis, but the high concentration of liquor will kill the parasites in more than half an hour, but who will put fresh fish fillets in wine for half an hour and then eat them?
Neither salt, vinegar, wine, soy sauce, nor mustard can kill parasites quickly, so counting on seasonings to save the sashimi world is not a reliable choice;
Hearing this, many people think that they should never eat sashimi again in the future, don't worry! You can still eat it, but you have to distinguish it yourself: healthy sashimi should at least do the following: First of all, the choice of the store, in Japan, the ingredients made into sashimi need to go through a very strict screening, usually sent to the epidemic prevention department for inspection, after a series of sterilization methods to eliminate a large part of the parasite. Therefore, it is very important to choose a regular reputation business, and there are many parasitic infections that occur in Japan every year, but their medical means are more professional and can effectively control the disease, so the number of deaths is naturally very small.
In China, this sashimi culture is only popular in local areas, like the two Guangzhou areas prefer to use freshwater grass carp to make sashimi, without strict quarantine, each family is operating according to its own standards, the treatment method and environment are also uneven, everyone is best to choose carefully.
The second is the choice of ingredients: sashimi is best to use high-quality seawater fish, sea salmon, trout common parasites are is anisocaria, Sea of Japan schizophal tapeworm, they can be killed by freezing for a certain period of time, so the risk of seawater salmon and trout fish parasites that have been properly frozen is small. In order to ensure the health of raw fish, it is now common to use the method of rapid freezing to kill most parasites, and the Tokyo Metropolitan Welfare and Health Bureau and other departments in Japan have given slightly different operational suggestions for different parasites:
It is recommended to freeze below minus 20 degrees for more than 24 hours to kill Xenohadates and Taenia chinensis in the Sea of Japan
It is recommended to freeze below minus 20 degrees for more than 4 hours to kill the Chowdoriasis
It is recommended to freeze below minus 30 degrees for more than 4 days to kill the trinocyania
Based on the above, the best treatment method for killing marine fish parasites is to freeze at minus 30 degrees Celsius for more than 96 hours, which is the best method.
At present, many domestic farmed freshwater salmon, is directly fresh supply restaurant, many restaurants in order to attract customers to use live killing, with ice trays for customers to eat, and there is no process of insect removal, and the Tokyo Metropolitan Welfare and Health Bureau and other departments for liver flukes, Yokogawa post-breeding flukes and other freshwater parasites: there is no freezing advice, because the freezing method is not suitable for trematodes, compared to nematodes, tapeworms, trematodes are more tenacious to freezing resistance. Studies have shown that even freezing at minus 20 degrees For 7 days does not completely kill liver flukes. The European Food Safety Authority's advice for liver flukes is to heat them up, and the larvae of liver flukes will die after heating them for 3 minutes in hot water at 75 degrees.
Therefore, it is recommended that friends who like to eat sashimi should also regularly go to the hospital for parasitic infection examinations, and prevention is better than outbreaks.
In addition to the parasites in sashimi, special attention should also be paid to bacteria, viruses, fungi, heavy metals and other diseases carried by fish and shrimp sashimi.
In 2016, a man in Guangdong died of discomfort such as fever and muscle soreness due to raw shellfish, and was hospitalized for rescue. The man had eaten raw seafood with his friends before his death, and soon developed symptoms of fever and muscle aches throughout his body, and died after being hospitalized on the third day after being rescued. The hospital-issued death diagnosis concluded that Vibrio vulnificus sepsis was complicated by multi-organ failure syndrome. Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention seriously warns: raw shellfish is very dangerous! High-risk populations can become infected with vibrio vulnificus by eating raw or undercooked shellfish, which can lead to sepsis and, in severe cases, death.
In short, for sashimi or raw fish and shrimp with a high probability of containing parasites, pathogenic bacteria, etc., in this era of increasingly serious environmental pollution, we should not covet a momentary enjoyment, and stay away from it! Finally, I wish you all good health and happiness every day!