Was Kangxi illiterate? A typo more than three hundred years ago is still hanging on the gate of the summer resort
In the history of the feudal dynasty for more than two thousand years, a total of 494 emperors have appeared on the mainland, and the Qing Dynasty Emperor Kangxi can definitely occupy a place among these emperors. Such a well-educated and martial emperor wrote a wrong word more than three hundred years ago, which caused posterity to argue for more than three hundred years. Did Kangxi unconsciously write this wrong, or did he deliberately write the wrong word? Is there any untold story here?
First, the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty made remarkable achievements
From the establishment of the county system by Qin Shi Huang, the mainland entered a feudal dynasty that lasted for more than two thousand years, and as the last dynasty in feudal history, the Qing Dynasty received the attention of many historians. As we grow older, we all know that the evaluation of a person cannot be determined by simple black and white right and wrong, and a dynasty that lasts for more than two hundred years is naturally mixed.
What historians admire is that during the Qing Dynasty, the feudal monarchy was unprecedentedly strengthened, the feudal system developed to the peak, and the comprehensive national strength of the mainland was greatly improved. The reason for the depreciation is also very clear to everyone, because of the ignorance and ignorance of the feudal aristocracy, the long-term isolation of the country, limiting the birth and development of the budding of capitalism, so it missed the first industrial revolution and the second industrial revolution, lost the excellent opportunity for development, so it gradually degenerated from the world's first power to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, bringing more than a hundred years of humiliating history to our country and nation.
In this mixed-handed dynasty, there was an emperor who could be hailed as the "Emperor of the Ages" by later generations--The Qing Dynasty Ancestor Ai Xinjueluo Xuanye. Xuan Ye was the fourth Qing emperor after Nurhaci, Huang Taiji, and Shunzhi Emperor, and the second emperor after the Qing dynasty capital Beijing. The Kangxi Emperor ascended the throne at the age of eight and pro-government at the age of fourteen, reigning for sixty-one years, making him the longest reigning emperor in mainland history.
During the reign of Kangxi, his political achievements were outstanding. At the age of fifteen, zhi captured Aobai and regained his own imperial power, and since then Qin Zheng has been in power. After the pro-government, Kangxi reformed the household registration policy, completely separated the household registration and taxes, and reduced the pressure on the people's lives, which was a major turning point in history. Kangxi also made great contributions to agriculture, cultivating selected rice seeds, which greatly improved the yield and quality of rice and fed more people.
In addition to his political and agricultural talents, Kangxi also laid the map of the mainland. The Kangxi Dynasty unified the treasure island of Taiwan and established the Taiwan Prefecture, which was subordinate to Fujian. In the northeast, it resisted Russian invasion and created the Nebuchu Treaty, which demonstrated the mainland's independent foreign policy and strengthened its jurisdiction over the Heilongjiang region. In the north, Kangxi unified Mongolia and solved the problem of northern Xinjiang, which began with the Qin and Han Dynasties and plagued China for more than two thousand years. In the northwest, Kangxi personally attacked Dzungardan three times, preventing foreign invasions. In the southwest, Kangxi sent troops into the plateau, stabilized Tibet, and canonized the Panchen Lama, thus safeguarding the unity and territorial integrity of the country.
Kangxi single-handedly opened up the kangyongqian prosperous world, which was the last prosperous dynasty in the feudal history of the mainland, with endless splendor. It was only after the prosperous era of Kang Yongqian that the feudal society gradually went into decline, and thousands of years later, it was lamented.
Second, the Kangxi Emperor wrote down typos, and no one understood his meaning for three hundred years
Located in Chengde City, Hebei Province, on the west bank of the Wulie River in Chengde City, the summer resort was built during the Kangxi Dynasty (park in 1703) and took more than ten years to complete. We all know that the capital city of the Qing Dynasty is in Beijing, in the hot summer, the weather in Beijing is very hot and difficult, and Chengde, where the summer resort is located, is composed of two parts: mountainous area and plain area because of its high altitude and high latitude, and there are many ancient trees and bushes in the mountainous area, and the plain is dominated by the lake area, so it is not hot in summer.
Every summer, the Kangxi Emperor would bring the harem people, the ministers of culture and military affairs, and the relatives of the emperor to the summer resort for summer escape. The mountain resort can accommodate so many people, mainly because of its large scale and meticulous structure.
The summer resort we see today when we play is not the same as the summer resort built during the Kangxi Dynasty. Later generations of emperors expanded and transformed the mountain resort on the existing basis to form the magnificent scene we see today.
When the summer resort was built, the Kangxi Emperor was elated and personally proposed the name of the summer resort, and the written character became the name of the summer resort, and later this word was printed down and hung on the main palace door of the summer resort.
The four large characters of "Summer Resort" are thick and powerful, and the Kangxi Emperor who wrote his words must also be a person with profound skills. However, people with hearts can find that on these four big characters, the heart on the far right of the word "avoid" seems to have an extra horizontal, which is different from our usual writing norms.
If it is a mistake written by others, it must have been changed by future generations, but Kangxi's ink treasure seems that people dare not and are unwilling to move at will. Not to mention that this typo is the word "avoid", thinking of the connection between this word and the royal family, many people also think that this word was deliberately written by the Kangxi Emperor, in order to give a warning to the people of the world.
We all know that in feudal dynasties, there is the word "avoidance". In order to maintain the dignity of the feudal hierarchy, when the world encounters the name of the monarch or relative when speaking and writing articles, it will not be directly said or written, so as to show respect for the monarch or respected relatives and avoid personal attacks using names.
Since the word "avoid" was so important in the feudal dynasty, why did Kangxi simply write the word wrong? Let's first look at what is wrong with this typo written by Kangxi.
The word "avoid" that Kangxi wrote wrongly was composed of two parts, one part was to go aside, and the other word was the word "to ward off evil". The rightmost part of this word is the hard "Xin" character, which is ten from top to bottom, but Kangxi just added an extra horizontal line to this "ten" and wrote this word incorrectly.
So why did Kangxi deliberately write the wrong word? We have to start with Kangxi's experience in this life.
Although Kangxi was the second emperor after the Qing Dynasty entered the Customs, his father, the Shunzhi Emperor, did not reign for a long time, and although he defeated the Ming rulers, he did not really achieve Haiyan Heqing. Entrusting a dynasty with many problems to an eight-year-old child is enough to see how much pressure the Kangxi Emperor needs to carry.
But Kangxi had great ambitions, accumulating strength step by step, and solving all the problems one by one. When the summer resort was built in 1704 AD, which was the forty-third year of Kangxi's reign, when it was completed, in the middle and late period of the reign of the Kangxi Emperor, he had already achieved remarkable political achievements, and when he was satisfied, he coincided with the completion of the palace, and wrote the wrong "avoidance" word for "avoidance", that is, to warn those who had two hearts to avoid the Holy Ancestor and eliminate some people's undesirable dissent.
Some people also believe that Kangxi will take his close ministers to the summer resort to escape the summer when the summer heat is difficult, when the military aircraft must be handled in the summer resort, which is not as safe as in the Forbidden City, so Kangxi deliberately made a fuss about the word "avoidance", which may be a warning to the accompanying ministers to pay attention to secrecy when handling government affairs, avoid others from spying on political secrets, and strictly guard state secrets. Otherwise, once it was leaked, it would easily cause a shock in the situation in the court, which Kangxi absolutely could not tolerate.
3. Kangxi deliberately wrote a typo or had the intention of introspection
The Kangxi Emperor reigned for 61 years, and the harem was full of harems, including Empress Xiaochengren of the Hesheli clan, Empress Xiaozhaoren of the Niu Cobalt Lu clan, Empress Xiaoyiren of the Tong Jia clan, and Empress Xiaogongren of the Wuya clan. Among them, Empress Xiaochengren was the queen of the Kangxi Emperor, and the two had a strong relationship, but unfortunately, after Empress Xiaochengren gave birth to another prince, she died in childbirth, leaving only a second brother who was waiting to be fed, Ai Xinjueluo Yinrong, which was later deposed by the two emperors.
The Kangxi Emperor took pity on the prince for losing his mother at a young age, so he left him by his side and raised him personally. The second prince, Yin Rong, was made crown prince from birth, more honorable than the other sons of Kangxi. It was only in the forty-seventh year of the Kangxi Dynasty, that is, in 1708 AD, that the Kangxi Emperor suddenly deposed the prince on the grounds that he was "extravagant in nature", "tyrannical and adulterous", and "the language was reversed, and it was a disease of madness". Later, the crown prince was restored, and in 1711, that is, in the fiftieth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the prince was deposed again, and he was imprisoned for life and was not allowed to come out.
According to the "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty", Kangxi really liked himself as the crown prince Yinrong, who was raised by one hand, but because the prince acted too absurdly, he was finally deposed. The prince is the foundation of a country, and it was abolished twice, but several princes who originally had no chance to compete for the position of prince at the same time also caused the famous "Nine Dragons To Seize the Concubine" in later generations, and the brothers were walled, causing a huge blow to the Kangxi Emperor.
The time of the second deposing of the prince is very close to the time of the completion of the summer resort, and some people speculate that Kangxi wrote the word "avoid" in the "summer resort" in order to introspect himself and warn himself to avoid the abolition of the prince again. It is rumored that Kangxi did not make another crown prince in his later years, perhaps for this reason.
The Qing Emperor after Kangxi was the Yongzheng Emperor, the three emperors of the Kang Yongqian Dynasty, Yongzheng because he reigned for a short time, so he was not famous for his father, the Kangxi Emperor and his son Qianlong Emperor. On the contrary, in recent years, the Qing Palace drama has been popular, and the very busy fourth master is widely known. However, during the kangxi reign, the fourth prince Yin Chan was always favored, and was the first of Kangxi's princes to be crowned as belle and prince, and was also entrusted by Kangxi with heavy responsibilities and held a lot of real power.
It can be seen from this that kangxi really favored the fourth prince Yin Chan as his heir in his later years, and the reason why he did not publicize the edict of succession should also be that he was afraid that the fourth prince Yin Chan would follow the old path of prince Yin Rong. Kangxi did not want to repeat the mistakes of the past, so when he wrote the four words of summer resort, he left a flaw in the word "avoidance", so that he could always keep himself introspective and not commit previous mistakes.
Fourth, "Jingyun Temple" has more typos
The Kangxi Emperor had countless ink treasures in his lifetime, in addition to the typos left on the summer resort, there were also many typos left in other places, so Kangxi was jokingly called the emperor with the most typos on the Internet.
In addition to the word "avoid", the "Jingyun Temple" plaque that Kangxi left in the Great Compassion Temple also has a typo, this word is the word "net", obviously the side of this word is two points of water, but Kangxi wrote three points of water.
It is reasonable to say that the number of times Kangxi wrote "net" should not be less, even if it is a habit of writing, it will not let the Kangxi Emperor write this word wrong. It's just that this word is written in the Jingyun Temple, and there must be an unknown meaning in it.
The temple is a place outside the square, many people who enter the temple do not need to ask for nothing, the six roots are pure, but Kangxi is a politician who has never met in a hundred years, and may not be willing to give up the talent of the Buddhist temple, fill in a little bit on the "net" word of "Jingyun Temple", and it is very likely to use the talent of the Buddhist family to explain his extra thoughts to the people of the Buddhist temple.
In 1713, the Fifth Panchen Lama of Tibet was canonized by the Kangxi Emperor as "Panchen Erdene" and given him gold and silver, formally establishing the political and religious status of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama in Tibet. It can be said that the canonization of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama was not limited to religion, but also had political significance recognized by history during the Kangxi Dynasty.
Jingyun Temple in Henan, but unlike the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama, it has great political significance for the national territory, but near the ancient capital luoyang, there have been countless talents and outstanding spirits for thousands of years, and the Kangxi Emperor has specially written a typo here, which also needs everyone's deep thinking.
However, for the typos left by Kangxi in the "Jingyun Temple", it was interpreted by the abbot of his temple as "more water is pure, so a little more, Miaoya". Such an explanation, which does not have much political significance, is really ingenious, not only into a beautiful talk, but also makes many people agree with such an explanation. The Kangxi Emperor was an embarrassing thing, but it made him romantic.
In fact, an ambitious and politically accomplished emperor like the Kangxi Emperor, every move, especially some unusual moves, is really difficult to separate from politics. It's just that everyone is not the Kangxi Emperor himself, and as for what the political purpose behind the Kangxi Emperor's mistakes in writing these words is, everyone is just speculating, and no one can guarantee that what they say is correct. It's just that with the passage of time, what the purpose of the Kangxi Emperor's original typos is no longer important to us.
What we need to know is that the wrongly written word "avoid" is still hanging on the summer resort, three hundred years ago, three hundred years later, maybe it will always hang on it...
Resources
https://m.toutiao.com/is/Y56ys7R/?= Kangxi deliberately wrote a wrong word, no one could change it for more than 300 years, and it is still hanging on the gate of the summer resort
China Guangming Network Beijing Station - ""Summer Resort" Door Plaque - Kangxi Wrote "The World's First Typo"? 》
https://m.toutiao.com/is/Y56KQbo/?= Kangxi deliberately wrote a typo, no one has been able to change it for 306 years, and it is still hanging on the door of the summer resort