The Paper's reporter Gao Dan sent from Songyang
In mid-June, the "Poetry And Harmony, Ancient Rhymes and Tea Fragrance" poets writing Songyang cultural style collection activity co-sponsored by October Magazine, Songyang County CPC Committee and Songyang County People's Government was held in Songyang County, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province. In the three days, Liang Haigang, deputy secretary of the Songyang County CPC Committee and county magistrate, Li Wei, member of the Standing Committee of the Songyang County CPC Committee and director of the Propaganda Department, Hu Xian, Gu He, Mao Zi, Zhang Xiaoxue, YuBang, Xiong Yan, Nie Quan, Chen Jufei, and nearly 20 poets from all over the country visited and investigated the ancient villages, tea gardens, and pilot villages of "common prosperity for all" in Songyang, and carried out special creations with the theme of these mountains and rivers and cultural landscapes.
Songyang
Songyang County has a history of more than 1,800 years, with 75 state-level traditional villages, which is one of the counties with the most traditional villages, the richest style and the most complete preservation in East China. Songyang, located in southwest Zhejiang, and the ancient villages scattered in the mountains and mausoleums around Songyang County, are quiet and ancient, and are called "the last secret place of Jiangnan" by Chinese geographical magazines. The whole territory of Songyang is dominated by medium and low hills, "eight mountains, one water and one field", suitable for plant growth, whether it is on the side of the road or on the staggered hills, it is paved with dense vegetation and neat tea fields and fruit trees such as peach trees and blueberry trees.
Songyang County is a city with a lot of memories: the Songyin Creek runs through the whole territory of Songyang during the flood season, and the long embankments on both sides of the Yangtze River are paved with runways, with a total length of more than 70 kilometers. Walking in it, changing scenery step by step, sometimes touching the idyllic scenery of egret buffalo, sometimes seeing the village landscape of chickens and dogs on the side of the cliffs with thousands of feet; Here you can see the water conservancy project Bailongyan built in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and you can also see the high-rise buildings and traffic of the exclusive city. Even more unique, a "Hundred Clouds Peak" - Dushan Mountain, stands on the south bank of Songyin Creek. At night, the Toad Peak Pavilion at the top of the peak is brightly lit, and the Northern Song Dynasty people have written for it "a unique branch of Hengxi Yin, the reflection of the green forest is thousands of feet deep", so far, the whole territory of the county can look up at this eternal brilliance, which is the beacon of the wanderer's heart and the anchor point of a city in a long time and space.
Dushan
Classical China in Songyang County
Songyang County has a strong historical atmosphere, and traditional folk customs such as farming culture and Hakka culture are well preserved, and these monuments and historical relics store a classical China.
An ancient Yanqing Temple Pagoda, built in the second year of the Northern Song Dynasty (999), three years old, is a wooden eaves pavilion-style tower, six sides and seven levels, each floor has a pot door, flat seat, cloister, from the secondary steps into the tower can be climbed to the seventh floor. The existing brick inscription of the pagoda also has the words "Chunhua Fifth Year (994 AD) in the middle of June", which proves the firing time of the bricks and stones used, and also confirms that this pagoda belongs to the original of the Northern Song Dynasty. Referring to the literature, it can be seen that this is a Tang-style Song Pagoda and the most complete preserved northern Song Dynasty original among the pagodas in Jiangnan. The top of the tower is crowned with an iron brake, and at the bottom of the tower there is a dungeon where the bones of the Buddha can be hidden.
Yanqing Temple Pagoda before restoration
With the passage of time, the land under the pagoda of Yanqing Temple was loosened, gradually tilting towards the southeast, and in the Ming and Qing dynasties, it also gained the title of "Drunken Pagoda", in addition, the tiles were missing, the wooden structure was decayed, and even the green bricks on the ground floor were taken away as materials for masonry stoves. The current Yanqing Temple Pagoda retains the brick part of the Song Dynasty, and in the early 1990s, the "static pile reinforcement" scheme was adopted for the leaning tower, and its Tang style eaves were also restored.
Leaning Yanqing Temple Pagoda
In the wind, the poet Starlight "Songyang Meets Rain" wrote: "The rain on the back of the cow chewing grass on the bank of Songyin Creek, ringing the clock of time slowly / Rain on the cornice of the Yanqing Temple Pagoda, making the tilt add another point." The poet Yu Bang wrote in "Passing through the Pagoda of Yanqing Temple in Songyang": "The oblique sun illuminates the leaning tower, and in the consternation of the middle of summer, we ascend / This shelter higher than the dust." "The quiet Song Dynasty pagoda body wrapped in a modern restored wooden eaves arch has maintained this seemingly shaky dignity since the Qing Dynasty, and whether it is the 1.5 meters or so thickness of the tower's interior, or the solid enough tower bricks, they have steadily dragged its tall body in time and endured the landing of tourists."
Yanqing Temple Pagoda out of the eaves
Huangjia Courtyard, one of the largest traditional residential buildings in southwest Zhejiang, its history can be traced back to the three years of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty, the ancestor of the Huang family, Wan Kangong, moved from Yongfeng County, Jiangxi Province, to Songyang, and since then has spread its branches and leaves, cultivating and reading heirlooms. During the light years of the Qing Dynasty, the owner of the family, Huang Zhonghe, made a fortune in business, so he built a large number of civil engineering and built a "martial arts building"; His son Huang Shaogui built "Meilan Zhujuxuan"; His grandson Huang Qiuguang built the "Baishou Hall". These remaining buildings are known for their carvings, plants are exquisitely carved, and animals are exquisitely carved, and are considered to be "Jiangnan Wood Carving Hall".
The façade of the Huang family compound
The Huang Family Compound is exquisite, delicate wood carvings.
The main hall of the Huang Family Compound
Songyang Old Street, the street is continuous, the ancient style is still the same, and the form of Ming and Qing Dynasty buildings is still faintly visible. At present, traditional handicraft formats such as herbal shops, blacksmith shops, brownboards, scales, and cotton-making are still retained, and new formats such as Wenli Songyang Project, Venice Station, Shanying Hall, and Pottery Experience Hall have been newly implanted. Songyang Old Street has been the commercial and trade center of Songyang since the Tang Dynasty, until it reached its peak during the Republic of China period, also known as Wuli Long Street, when the Tobacco and Alcohol Tax Bureau, post and telecommunications bureau, and banks were all located on this old street, and now these buildings are also preserved, in Songyang, which has a total population of less than 250,000 and is always quiet, here is a place where people are boiling.
Songyang Old Street
These traditional handicrafts have also become excellent material for poets to write, such as another poem by Yu Bang: "When we walk through the blacksmith's shop, your smile splashes out of the anvil, and when we climb to the village on the mountain, you come out of the ancient flames, into the mountains, towards the flint of dusk"...
Blacksmith shop with blacksmiths
Only this peach blossom source
The charm of Songyang lies in the 75 national traditional villages scattered in the mountains around Songyang. Rainy days along the winding mountain road, several times in and out of the clouds, the bamboo rings several times, the light rain falls and stops, and the 10,000 acres of tea fields disappear and flash in the fog, and arrive at an ancient village halfway up the mountain.
The poet Gu He wrote in his poem "Songyang Freehand": "The greater silence, from the moss on the stone, in the drizzle, is full of green, and I suspect that it connects the clouds and water droplets of the mountains from the darkness." "The clouds run through the wet villages, and at the mouth of each village there is always an old tree that records time, but after several autumn coolnesses in the human world, it has become a symbol of time, and it and the village that has been inhabited by a thousand years of time behind it implies a true meaning about civilization that people want to discern and forget.
More than 300 years old trees at the mouth of the village
The Taohuayuan complex is an important cultural psychology Chinese. The "Taohuayuan" envisions a distant ancient village, with a group of villagers who avoided chaos in the Qin Dynasty, carefully managed their lives, and lived a life of "not knowing whether there is a Han, regardless of Wei and Jin", and the historical interpretation is more inclined to understand the "Taohuayuan" as Tao Yuanming's needlework for harsh government and his imagination of an ideal life. The ancient village of Songyang explains that the ideal of Taohuayuan may really exist.
In the "Tale of Peach Blossom Origin", it is written that entering the Taoyuan Paradise always requires passing through a pore or cave that separates reality from illusion, "When the forest is exhausted, it will get a mountain, and the mountain will have a small mouth, as if there is light... The beginning is very narrow, and it is only through people. Repeat dozens of steps, suddenly enlightened. The land is flat, the houses are like houses, and there are good fields, beautiful ponds, and mulberry bamboo. In the ancient village of Songyang, the dense succession of branches at the mouth of the village will also form a hole, from which you can look at the houses lined up in the distance, just like the realm of "repeating dozens of steps and suddenly opening up" in the peach blossom garden.
Entrance to Songzhuang Village, Sandu Township, Songyang County
Yangjiatang Village, the most famous village in Songyang, has lived for generations in a large family surnamed Song, whose history can be traced back to Song Lian, who wrote "Sending Dongyang Horse Life Order". Implicated in the Hu Weiyong case, Song Lian was also politically persecuted, his grandson Song Shen was killed, and the 71-year-old Song Lian was exiled to Maozhou, where he died of illness on the way. Song Lian's descendants avoided chaos everywhere, and his grandson Song Kesan avoided living in Songyang chenghui village. In the early years of Shunzhi, Sun Song Xiankun, the eighth generation descendant of the Song clan, came to Yangjiatang Village, only to see that the forest was shady, the mountain was rugged, and it was an excellent secret place, so he opened up the wasteland on the mountainside, cut wood and built a house, and the location was in today's Song Ancestral Hall.
Looking at the Yang Family Hall Song Clan Ancestral Hall
For more than a hundred years after Song Xiankun, the descendants of the Song clan multiplied from generation to generation, until after the middle of the Qing Dynasty, they began to make their own records from the management of timber, and also made wall building tools, and in the late Qing Dynasty, a construction team appeared and built walls and houses everywhere. More than 90% of the more than 300 people still in Yangjiatang today are surnamed Song, becoming a clan village where ethnic groups have lived for generations. In this collection, the poet Shi Shiran wrote for this village: "Moso Zhu adheres to the humility of the village owner / With 'Song', living for the 'Yang family' / And the old courtyard wall, more like a group of old scholars who did not have the habit of taking pictures with their mobile phones, but / wrote in brush characters: "Zhu ZiZhi Family Maxim", "Filial Piety", "Filial Piety and Li Cultivation" and "Song Family Tree" Ming and Qing Dynasties, passing on the family motto of 'diligent cultivation and dedication to reading'. ”
Yangjiatang surrounded by mountains
New people and new landscapes are coming
In the style, the poet Hu Xian wrote in the poem "In a Homestay in Songyang": "The good-looking sister-in-law lives next door. Now, the next door has been converted into a homestay, and the tea table meets tourists from afar. ...... They were talking about a mountain that had been lost in the high cavity. It is said that there was a stone road on the cloud, waiting, and someone returned from another day. "What he writes about is the new people and new landscapes that come and go from these ancient villages.
Songyang is located in the mountains of southwest Zhejiang, with the height of the mountain and the mud walls and black tiles of the houses, surrounded by the color of the land, in the long rainy season and for a longer time, they are gradually eroded until they collapse.
Many houses have fallen because of the high cost of maintenance and the uninhabited after urbanization, leaving only a stack of walls.
The artist made an art installation in a declining house, symbolizing the "blossoming of the old house".
In order to protect these ancient villages that have lasted for thousands of years, Songyang County has been committed to the protection and development of traditional villages and the revitalization of rural areas since 2012. Songyang County has 75 state-level traditional villages, which is one of the two demonstration counties for the protection and development of traditional villages announced by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and is the first batch of only traditional village protection and utilization pilot areas announced by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage.
At the end of 2013, the Songyang County Party Committee promulgated the "Song Committee (2013) No. 39 Document", which proposes several groundbreaking measures including "listing and protection of valuable traditional buildings", "setting up expert committees and cultural research associations, and establishing traditional village protection organizations in villages to form a normalized inspection mechanism"; In 2015, Songyang County was listed by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage as the only experimental area for the protection and utilization of traditional villages. In April 2016, the "Save the Old House Action" project initiated by the China Cultural Relics Conservation Foundation was officially launched in Shanxiayang Village, Gushi Town, Songyang County, which is the first pilot county in the country to promote the whole county.
In this gathering, The Paper also interviewed Ye Weilan of the Songyang CPPCC, who has been working in the "Mingcheng Ancient Village Old House Protection and Development Leading Group" since 2017, and the focus of this group is to explore how to protect the ancient village and make it lively. She said that for these 75 villages, some of them have adopted the method of "building the whole village" to transform and rearrange all their details, and Chen Jiapu Village is a representative case.
Looking at Chenjiapu Village from a distance, we will feel that it is as quiet and quaint as all the ancient villages here, but after walking in, we feel that there is no cave. In the spring of 2018, Chen Jiapu's first homestay "Fei Ting Ji" was completed and opened, which is located at the westernmost end of the village and the designer is Meng Fanhao. In June of the same year, Nanjing's Pioneer Bookstore opened a branch in Chenjia, and Zhang Lei, the designer of the Civilian Bookstore, also designed a homestay here at the same time.
Chenjiapu Village, the homestay is hidden in the house with an antique appearance.
Flying Set
A pioneer bookstore built on a mountain
In addition, Ye Weilan also said: "We also take a point to break - the transformation of several areas or several houses, such an acupuncture activation, such as we first introduce a homestay in a village, and then gradually roll out, drive the villagers, the introduction of cultural tourism." Regarding the choice of points and formats, Ye Weilan introduced several models: the more important thing is the direct intervention of the government, such as Pingtian Village, the government invited some designers from all over the world to design very exquisite buildings, the government will also invest funds to repair houses, build basic supporting facilities, comb streets and alleys, and more importantly, the excavation and activation of local folk culture.
Hirata Village has a variety of new formats such as design studios and homestays.
Former villagers, Xinxiang people, and returnees
In the interview, Liang Haigang, the county magistrate, talked about the three concepts of "original townspeople, Xinxiang people, and returnees": "It is the original villagers who have lived in the mountains for generations, and it is difficult to achieve rural revitalization by relying on them alone; The second category is Xinxiang people, such as pioneer bookstores and some founders of homestays, who come to the village to start a business and bring new formats and lifestyles; The third category is the returnees, the countryside has fallen and they are forced to go out to earn a living, and we now look at the prosperous villages that once fell to only six or seven people in the whole village, such as Chen Jiapu Village, which originally left only eight people. Literature and art are typical of modern culture, modern culture has lit up our traditional villages, and the original villagers can create wonderful and mature works under the guidance of the Xinxiang people, which makes their originally humble and ordinary life valuable. ”
In the style, the simple way of life of the original townspeople and the scenery that belong to the countryside always give the poets the most inspiration, and the poet Hu Xian wrote: "The blue stone can be used in the town house, noble rotten wine, Dragon Boat Tea, suitable for memories." Mountain ghosts, dragons, and wild creatures that have become spirits, there is no way to take them in life, only ancient legends know how to deal with them. It is said that there were several altars of silver buried under the old mansion, and before the tea house closed, they would turn into a flock of white birds and fly in the sky. The poet Ding Dong wrote in "The Chronicle of the Mountains": "When the fog surrounds the mountain villa, the idle people under the pavilion / the age of the grandmother." How clear they are like running water, not reversed. Well-being. The same goes for poets. The pure heart in front of si lian tang is true, 'no shame for those who come'. ”
The original villagers living in the songyang countryside
Xinxiang people are active and enthusiastic, they come here from Shanghai, Wenzhou and other big cities, their identity is a designer, an artist, a bookstore operator, a homestay design developer, they take root here and become a new villager.
Xinxiang people also brought a lot of changes to the original villagers, everyone shared the village, Xinxiang people guide the elderly in the village to use their own tea leaves to do rubbing, handicrafts, and participate in artistic creation. At the same time, the government has also worked with Xinxiang people to excavate the local traditional agricultural product processing skills, and created a number of agricultural, industrial and leisure industries such as brown sugar workshop, tofu workshop, white wine workshop, oil tea workshop and so on.
An art workshop in a village
The villagers' artwork, the poet Chen Jufei wrote in a poem: "Rub the leaves with leaves, get the hidden constellations." With the shape of your hand, you can raise a flock of geese on paper."
Governor Liang said: "Spiritual common prosperity is the most ideal. We must first protect the village, and then use and revitalize it. We hope that the villagers will not only get material abundance by growing tea, but also hope that their old houses will be rejuvenated, so that art and humanities can bring new changes to the place. ”
Sandu Matsusho Village
Responsible Editor: Liang Jia Photo Editor: Shen Ke
Proofreader: Ding Xiao