There are many countries in the world, with different territories, in addition to the island countries, each country has its own land neighbors, some countries have a relatively small territory, only one land neighbor, such as the small European country of Vatican, San Marino, the territory is completely surrounded by Italy, only Italy has a neighboring country.
Some countries are large in size, but there are very few neighboring countries, such as Canada, and only the United States has one land neighbor. The United States has only two land neighbors, Canada and Mexico. There is also Mongolia, whose territory lies between China and Russia, with only two neighbors, China and Russia. Of course, there are also many countries in the world with land neighbors, so let's introduce the four countries with the largest number of land neighbors.
First, China. The continent is vast and has many neighbouring countries, and the number of neighbouring countries has changed. Before 1975, the mainland had 12 land neighbors, namely North Korea, the Soviet Union, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam.
But by 1975, the continent had one less neighbor, and that neighbor was Sikkim. Sikkim is located in the region of South Asia with a total area of about 7,096 square kilometers. In the colonial era, Sikkim, like India, was a British colony, India was a British colony, under the jurisdiction of the British Governor-General, Sikkim was a British protectorate, nearby British India sent commissioners to administer, but the British did not incorporate Sikkim into British India.
In 1947, after the partition of India and Pakistan, India forced Sikkim to sign the "Status Quo Agreement", and India followed the british example and continued to send commissioners to Sikkim. In 1950, India and Sikkim signed the Treaty of Peace between India and Sikkim, which made Sikkim a protectorate of India, and India began to fully control Sikkim's defense, foreign affairs and economy. By 1975, India had invaded Sikkim, turning Sikkim into India's Sikkim State, leaving one less of its neighbors and 11 remaining.
By the time the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, the powerful Soviet Union split into 15 independent new states, and Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, which originally belonged to the Soviet Union, were all land neighbors of the mainland, and since then the continent's land neighbors have become 14. They are North Korea, Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam.
Second, Russia. Russia is the largest country in the world, spanning two continents, Asia and Europe, and is also a country with many neighbors. Russia's land neighbors are Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, and North Korea. In addition, Russia has an enclave called Kaliningrad.
Kaliningrad was originally German territory called Königsberg. After World War II, Königsberg became Soviet territory and was renamed Kaliningrad. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kaliningrad became a Russian enclave, bordering Lithuania and Poland respectively. Thus Russia's land neighbors are also 14.
Third, Brazil. Located in South America, Brazil is the largest country in South America by area. Brazil was once a Portuguese colony, and during the Portuguese rule of Brazil, it did not follow Spain's example and divided the colony into multiple viceroyaltys, so Brazil gained overall independence and became the largest country in South America, while the Spanish colony was divided into many countries.
Most of Brazil's neighbors were originally Spanish colonies, including Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, and France, for a total of 10. France is a country with its own european roots and an overseas territory in South America called French Guiana. French Guiana, which is under the direct jurisdiction of the French central government, is nominally French territory, is part of the European Union, uses the euro, and thus Brazil's neighbors have France.
Fourth, France. France is a country with its own home in Europe, where France has 8 land neighbors, namely Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Andorra, and Monaco. In South America, France borders Brazil and Suriname through French Guiana, so France has 10 land neighbors. These are the four countries with the most land-based neighbors.