#I do creation in the headlines # Because the title of the self-media article can only have 30 words at most, I did not write out all three questions in the title, and the third question was: Where do the skilled craftsmen come from?
Given that people often marvel at the exquisite wonders and multiplicity of Sanxingdui, but there is very little excavation of the history behind the cultural relics, Lao Yan raised these three major questions. The reason why it is still a question, rather than an accurate answer, is because there are not many historical records that echo Sanxingdui, the closest to Sanxing is the "Huayang Guozhi", and the farther is the "Classic of Mountains and Seas". Other information is difficult to get close to Samsung Pile. According to limited information, the answer has not yet been found.
Sanxingdui has excavated more than 10,000 bronzes, of course, gold and jade, and I don't know how many more have been excavated. Let's assume that there are still three pieces that have not been excavated, so the number of more than 10,000 pieces is also very large.
According to the textbook, iron was used in Chinese history from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, when bronze and iron were used together. According to the "Classic of Mountains and Seas", as early as the Dayu era more than 4,000 years ago, not only iron had appeared, but also gold, silver, copper, iron and tin were complete, and even had a precise classification of gold. Whichever way it is correct, so much bronze is a great asset. Not only was it a great fortune in ancient times, but even today, it is worth a lot.
Lao Yan didn't know how heavy these more than 10,000 bronzes were, nor did he know how much each piece weighed on average. Assuming that the average is 10 kilograms per piece, just selling scrap copper is worth more than 1 million. If it is sold as a work of art, it is much more valuable. Of course, if any reader dares to sell it according to the artifacts, it is estimated that the value is life imprisonment, even if it is one of them. The price of gold, jade, and ivory is not counted, but it is no less valuable than bronze. Gold, in particular, is rarely unearthed in the east of Yumen Pass in China, where Shang and Zhou cultural sites are rarely excavated. Therefore, the wealth buried under sanxingdui is very impressive today, and at that time it can be said that the wealth was invincible to the country.
According to the official testing age, the sacrificial pits of Sanxingdui were formed at the turn of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, dating from 3000 to 3200 years ago. Even though it was already the end of bronze at that time, it was still inconceivable to concentrate hundreds of tons of bronze at once. According to the official account, there have been no copper smelting sites near Sanxingdui, there is no record of large-scale copper smelting in Sichuan history, and large-scale copper mines have not been found so far, so where did this copper come from?
"Huayang Guozhi" tells the general history of the ancient Shu kingdom. Emperor Huan married the daughter of the Shushan clan and sealed the side branch in Shu Land as Shu Hou. However, after the global flood, Shudi was one of the most affected areas, and it is not known whether Shuhou at that time escaped the great flood. It is also unclear whether the Marquis of Shu, who continued to be enfeoffed by the Xia Dynasty and the Shang Dynasty, was a descendant of Emperor Huan. However, the Zhongmu people located in today's Shaanxi, Ningxia, and Gansu records in the Classic of Mountains and Seas have unearthed bronze masks in Sanxingdui, which indicates that there were immigrants in shu land during the Sanxingdui era. As for the proportion of immigrants and the proportion of natives of Shudi, it is not known.
Between the Xia and Shang, especially during the Shang Dynasty, there was an ethnic division in Chinese history. The Aryans, who had become powerful in Central Asia, expanded everywhere, beating West Asia and South Asia to find teeth. When they invaded the east, they were defeated by the Shang Dynasty, picked up their teeth on the ground and left. Since then, the yellow and white races have been independent of each other. These wars may have been the main reasons for the migration of the Central Plains to Shu. Shudi has always been an ideal place for domestic immigrants, and during the anshi rebellion, Tang Xuanzong immigrated to Shudi, "The waters of the Shu River are green and the mountains are green, and the Holy Lord is in the twilight of the Dynasty."
In the Central Plains, from the beginning of the Yellow Emperor, there was a system, that is, all localities had to pay tribute to the central government. A large number of bronzes have also been excavated in the Central Plains, but never before has Sanxingdui been so concentrated, rich, exquisite and numerous. Therefore, it can be speculated that in the successive wars in the Central Plains, including wars such as shang tang and wuwang, those who escaped the war took bronze as wealth and brought it to Sichuan when they immigrated.
If so, then the ancient Shu state at that time was quite rich. Two more sources can disprove this. The first is that the first generation of Shu kings in the ancient Shu kingdom, Silkworm Cong, was a longitudinal person. As an immigrant, he was able to become the king of Shu because he brought great wealth. From ancient times to the present, wealth has been a key factor in measuring a person's status.
The second source is that among the princely states to which the Zhou Dynasty belonged, the Shu state was the first to betray the king. Of course, the reason for the "Huayang Guozhi" is that the traffic between the Shu state and the central government is blocked, and the King of Zhou cannot manage it, so the silkworm bush is called the king. In fact, this is more reluctant. Because Shudi had not yet claimed the throne, when he was still the Marquis of Shu, he led the army to participate in the Mengjin Conference and followed King Wu of Zhou in his crusade against the King of Shang. Traffic barrier is not the biggest condition for kingship, the key is still to have strength. Lao Yan's judgment was that it was a large amount of bronze as wealth that became the foundation of the silkworm bush to become the king. Turtle son's, Lao Tzu has so much money, be a king.
Of course, it is certain that these bronzes unearthed at Sanxingdui were cast in Shudi. Because the characteristics of the Sanxingdui bronzes themselves are too prominent, and the bronzes unearthed anywhere in the Central Plains are not of the same origin, they must show the cultural characteristics of Shudi itself. That is to say, the immigrants not only did not change the culture of Shudi, but instead integrated themselves into Shudi. This phenomenon is very common. Lao Yan and hundreds of thousands of other people, as Sichuanese, like to eat pilaf, mix noodles, and grab mutton by hand in Xinjiang, which is to integrate into Xinjiang.
Many of these bronzes are not formed at one time, but after the various parts are cast, they are then cast and connected with copper water, which is not only time-consuming, laborious, especially requires considerable technology. It is a one-time molding work, those exquisite patterns, rounded corners, precise ethnic characteristics, but also reflect superb technology. There are many trees in Shudi, and Lao Yan guessed that many items were carved from wood first, then molded, and finally cast.
Even in the long years of 200 years, to make such a large-scale bronze, it is necessary to have a large number of skilled craftsmen. Therefore, in the Shu kingdom at that time, there were special casting workers. The workers are Shudi, the style is Shudi, but the object of casting is not necessarily Shudi. Those people, birds, beasts, trees, many of us today have not seen the prototype, perhaps some of which were extinct at that time, and were cast into bronze for the purpose of commemoration. Some of the cultural relics unearthed in Sanxingdui can correspond to the records of the ShanHai Classic, and in the Shanhai Classic, these prototypes did not grow in Shudi, which is the reason.
It can be speculated that in the Shu Kingdom 3,000 years ago, bronze ware was full of dazzling, and together with gold, jade, ivory, etc., it became the wealth hard currency of the Shu Kingdom. But why was this wealth buried deep underground overnight, and only after 3,000 years did it come to light? This problem is not recorded in the history books, and it is even difficult to speculate.
In fact, many Sichuan people know that the zhongmu people are real in history, not fictional. In some parts of the Sichuan Basin, even in the mountains surrounding the basin, some clay pots, bronzes and the like can occasionally be dug out of the ground. And the old people often say that it is buried in the ground by the straight-eyed people. The so-called straight-eyed person is, of course, a vertical-eyed person, referring to the kind of person whose eyes are sticking out for a long time, not some people who bulge out.
Sanxingdui and the ruins of The Golden Beach can be said to be the places where the longitudinal people concentrated their wealth in that year. And this kind of burial seems to be related to the ultimate fate of the longitudinal person. Archaeologists generally call the pits where Sanxingdui buried cultural relics as sacrificial pits. Because no remains of the body were found in the pit, it was not a funeral. However, such a thing as a sacrificial pit, or this way of sacrificing, Lao Yan has not seen it in classical records. Judging from archaeological excavations, sacrificial pits have been unearthed in Zhanang County, Tibet. But this is also named by archaeologists, and no excavated data proves that it was used for sacrifice. Therefore, the method of burying pit sacrifices is itself debatable, not to mention the burial of thousands of items at once, which can be seen as burying the wealth of the entire Shu kingdom into it. This kind of sacrifice is also too strange.
The sacrifice of mountain gods mentioned in the Classic of Mountains and Seas is the earliest known method of sacrifice in China. Lao Yan searched carefully, and indeed there were some items that needed to be buried during the sacrifice, but the animals were covered with jade, rather than burying the sacrifices in the pit, especially there was no such large-scale burial. Usually a chicken, or a sheep or something. Moreover, the bronze sacrificial platform unearthed at Sanxingdui itself tells the story of sacrifice, and if it is buried as a sacrifice, it does not make logical sense.
Therefore, Lao Yan believes that so many treasures in Sanxingdui are buried as property. The Ancient Shu people, led by the Zhongmu people, had to leave for special reasons, so they buried their property in the ground, hoping to dig it up when they returned one day. Of course, in the end, the people walked into the smoke of history and never came back. So such a large bronze community has been buried for 3,000 years.
What kind of changes the specific Sanxingdui people have experienced cannot be found in history. The Shu land at the end of the Shang Dynasty is recorded in the historical records and the Huayang Guozhi, but it is impossible to analyze what this major change was. We can only analyze that since there is time to bury, it is not a hasty escape under the city; However, the property must be buried in the ground, and the change must have been so great that it had to be left in a short time. Such a change is definitely not a natural disaster, but a man-made disaster. Of course, if you write a novel, the plot is probably: the enemy rushes to these riches, but in the end they can't find it, leaving a suspense for eternity. Or maybe Sanxingdui has the key to open the door to the destruction of the world, and the enemy has found it, but in the end he is defeated by a short and fat man named Lao Yan, and the world is turned around.
There is an idea that is almost non-existent. That is, these pits were originally sacrificial ancestral halls, but later buried in the ground due to the great changes in the earth's crust. Such a large-scale change in the earth's crust must be a very high-magnitude earthquake, and the seismic factor must be displayed in the pit. However, there is no archaeological information on this. #三星堆 #