This is the first great man to bring Marxism to China, this is the founder who first witnessed the founding of the Communist Party of China, this is a polymath Peking University teacher.
Countless glorious prefixes can be used as his embellishments, but he said that I am just an ordinary Chinese who pursues the ideals in his heart, and he is Comrade Li Dazhao.
In 1927, Zhang Zuolin ordered 300 policemen to break into Li Dazhao's residence and arrest him and put him in prison and tortured him for 22 days!
On the gallows, Comrade Li Dazhao bravely and righteously, and was tortured for 40 minutes before dying! Who, exactly, forced this great revolutionary man into a desperate situation? And who betrayed his whereabouts?
Pictured with the newspaper of the year
Bring the seeds of revolution
Baidu Encyclopedia commented that Li Dazhao was a great man and a pioneer of the Chinese communist movement, which shows that Comrade Li Dazhao has made great contributions to the construction and development of the Communist Party of China.
Li Dazhao was born in Laoting County, Hebei Province, when China was in the midst of a double catastrophe of imperialist oppression and feudalism.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, China's social environment was turbulent, domestic warlords were rampant, foreign imperial forces were also eyeing the tiger, and the days of war made the people frightened and warlike, and the people were not happy. Comrade Li Dazhao grew up in this period.
The little children have felt the turmoil of the time and firmly believe that knowledge can be used to change the fate of China, and the fate of the country needs to be in the hands of the Chinese themselves.
Picture 丨 Li Dazhao
In the twentieth century, the Xinhai Revolution brought about the demise of feudalism rooted in China for more than two thousand years, and the New Culture Movement set off a climax in which Chinese youth rose up and struggled, and Li Dazhao was deeply influenced by it and decided to go to Japan to study at Waseda University to explore the revolutionary road suitable for China.
On the way to study, Li Dazhao came into contact with socialist thought and Marxist theory, which opened the door to a new world for him.
After returning from three years of study, Li Dazhao actively participated in the wave of the new cultural movement and promoted democratic science, but he believed that this was far from enough, and the exploration of the Chinese revolution was still a long way from success.
Figure丨 Marxism
Coinciding with the October Revolution in Russia, Li Dazhao saw the sparks in it, saw the hope for the future, saw the fruits of the victory of communism, and he decided to spread Marxism to the whole land of China.
"If you try to see the world in the future, it will be the world of red flags", this is the pride of Li Dazhao and the dream of the people of the whole Chinese.
Li Dazhao wrote several books in this turbulent era, and "The Victory of Bolshevism" is one of the masterpieces, which tells the reasons for the victory of the October Revolution, points out the possibility of democracy overthrowing the imperial system, and brings hope to the people of the whole Chinese.
The triumph of Bolshevism
During the May Fourth Movement in 1919, Comrade Li Dazhao actively lectured and preached Marxism among students and among workers.
An article in the "New Youth" newspaper, "My View of Marxism," has systematically demonstrated marxist theoretical theories to the people of the world. These efforts made by Comrade Li Dazhao have laid an ideological and theoretical foundation for the founding of the Communist Party.
However, such a heroic and great man was brutally persecuted by the miscreants, and after being tortured and maimed for 22 days, he was heroically righteous, and he was hanged for 40 minutes before he died! Who resents Comrade Li Dazhao to such an extent? Who leaked Li Dazhao's whereabouts and let the communist spreader fall into the hands of the enemy?
Picture 丨 Li Dazhao
His whereabouts were leaked and he was arrested and imprisoned
Back in 1927, when warlords were rampant, Duan Qirui, the leader of the Anhui warlords at the time, was overtaken by the two major forces of Zhang Zuolin and Wu Peifu, who were directly subordinate to him, and forced to abdicate, and the military power in Beijing was gradually controlled by these two people.
In the spring of 1927, Zhang Zuolin was at the juncture of establishing the Anguo military government and needed the support of the people, but during this time communist activities became more frequent, and communists and patriots were seen in newspapers, schools, and parades.
These actions attracted the attention of Zhang Zuolin, who preliminarily concluded that Li Dazhao was still hiding in the city of Beijing to direct the operation, otherwise these activities could not have been so organized.
Zhang Zuolin hated Comrade Li Dazhao to the bone and vowed to find Li Dazhao three feet into the ground. Logically, one is the leader of the warlord and the other is the founder of the Communist Party, and the two do have hostile relations because of their different positions, but they do not hate it so much!
Picture 丨 Zhang Zuolin
You must know that Zhang Zuolin only punished a Kuomintang or a Communist Party with a small punishment and a big admonition, and the fine passed after a few days of detention, but his attitude toward Li Dazhao was obviously different, and he wanted to dig the ground with great fanfare!
Moreover, at that time, Comrade Li Dazhao's Communist Identity had not yet been exposed, and even if Zhang Zuolin speculated too much, it was only speculation, so why did he have this without evidence?
The reason goes back to the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in 1924, which ended with Chiang Kai-shek's launch of the "April 12 Incident".
Although the Chinese Communist Party suffered heavy losses, and although everyone was in a white panic, in general, it was an exploration of progress that made the Chinese Communist Party understand the importance of having its own armed forces, of course, this is all a later story.
Picture 丨 Li Dazhao
At that time, the united front established by the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party posed a great threat to Zhang Zuolin, and Li Dazhao, as the leader of this cooperation, became Zhang Zuolin's "eye nail."
In addition, Li Dazhao has led progressive youth and student workers to the streets to resist and march on many occasions, which has a far-reaching impact and makes the warlord rule even more unpopular.
In this regard, Zhang Zuolin had no choice but to let the army expel and suppress it, and this helplessness made Zhang Zuolin's hatred for Li Dazhao even stronger. The fundamental reason that made Zhang Zuolin make up his mind to kill Comrade Li Dazhao was Li Dazhao's plot against Guo Songling incident.
Guo Songling, as Zhang Zuolin's confidant, launched a coup d'état after being influenced by Li Dazhao's progressive ideas, leading the armed forces to force Zhang Zuolin to a desperate situation for a time, and if it were not for the help of imperialism, perhaps the Fengzhi warlords would have been extinct long ago.
Figure 丨 Guo Songling
Li Dazhao called three times to persuade Feng Yuxiang to join forces with the Northern Expeditionary Forces to take Zhang Zuolin in one fell swoop. Feng Yuxiang was successfully persuaded and formed an army.
All the efforts made by Comrade Li Dazhao made Zhang Zuolin see that this young scholar had great energy in him, and the slightest carelessness would crush the warlord leader to pieces. All kinds of signs made Zhang Zuolin make up his mind to get rid of Li Dazhao.
At that time, Comrade Li Dazhao, with the help of other forces, hid in the Soviet Embassy and continued to lead and direct the workers' movement.
Zhang Zuolin's vigorous search and arrest did not have any impact on Comrade Li Dazhao, nor did he receive any clues, and he could only temporarily suppress his suspicions and instead use the army's strength to suppress progressive youth.
Picture 丨 Zhang Zuolin
However, just when Zhang Zuolin was at a loss, the news from the National Police Department made him believe again that Comrade Li Dazhao was in Beijing.
In March 1927, more than a dozen young people who were distributing revolutionary leaflets were arrested, and under police interrogation, an unassuming young man actually revealed the hiding place of Comrade Li Dazhao, who was Li Bohai, a member of the Communist Party of China who was deeply trusted by Li Dazhao.
Zhang Zuolin, they did not expect that just an ordinary arrest operation could inadvertently learn the whereabouts of Li Dazhao, and before they could interrogate him, Li Bohai had already made every decision.
Zhang Zuolin asked Li Bohai to pretend to be indifferent and continue to dock with Comrade Li Dazhao, and then they carried out a secret arrest operation.
Picture 丨 Zhang Zuolin
In fact, the night before the arrest, Comrade Li Dazhao learned the news. The police leaders were too happy to learn of Li Dazhao's hiding place, held an internal celebration meeting, and accidentally slipped their mouths at the banquet.
A hidden informant with a very good relationship with Li Dazhao was so anxious when he heard the news that he ordered his son to quickly pass on the message.
When Li Dazhao and others learned the news, they did not immediately leave the Soviet embassy. First, they believed that Zhang Zuolin could not disregard the face of foreign emissaries and rush into the execution of arrests, and second, they found out where the Soviet embassy could flee.
Picture 丨 Li Dazhao
Therefore, Li Dazhao decided that he would hold his position, let some of the revolutionaries leave here, let his wife and daughter hide in the secret room, and take a gun himself to welcome the arrival of the next day.
In order to arrest Li Dazhao at the Soviet Embassy, Zhang Zuolin took pains to put pressure on the Soviet Union together with other countries, so that the Soviet Union could not rescue Li Dazhao, and could only watch as three hundred policemen broke into the embassy and arrested Comrade Li Dazhao.
The person in charge of the arrest operation, the deputy director of the Investigation Department, also took Comrade Li Dazhao's Browning pistol for himself.
Li Dazhao was arrested
The arrest of Comrade Li Dazhao was carried out in secret, because Li Dazhao's identity at that time was too much, in addition to the identity of the CCP has not been exposed, he is also a representative of the Kuomintang, a teacher at Peking University, a patriot, and so on.
These titles made him make many friends, and everyone called the warlord government one after another, held a parade in the streets, and demanded the release of Comrade Li Dazhao, but without success.
The CCP immediately launched a rescue operation against Li Dazhao, but Li Dazhao knew that the party's strength was still relatively weak at present, so he was tantamount to letting others die, so he righteously refused. He said that he had sacrificed for the revolution without any remorse.
Picture 丨 Li Dazhao
Self-report in prison
At that time, Zhang Zuolin wanted to negotiate peace with Chiang Kai-shek, the representative of the Northern Expedition, and Li Dazhao, as a representative of the Kuomintang, befriended the founder of the Kuomintang, Dr. Sun Yat-sen.
Zhang Zuolin could only temporarily suppress his desire to kill Li Dazhao, and he decided to torture him first, and then find an opportunity to convict him and execute him.
Comrade Li Dazhao was well aware of the temperament of the revolutionary compatriots he had captured with him, and even if he was tortured, he would not say the slightest bit of information.
He could not bear to let these people suffer, and chose to selectively disclose information to the warlords, such as the insignificant decisions of the Kuomintang in the southern battlefield, Zhang Zuolin occupied the northeast and Beijing, knowing that this information was useless, and li Dazhao did not mention anything about the Communists.
Picture 丨 Sun Yat-sen
This made Zhang Zuolin even more embarrassed and angry, and he had been arrested and imprisoned at a high cost, and he was under pressure from all sides, but he did not pry out any valuable information.
Zhang Zuolin wanted to know the SECRET NETWORK OF THE CCP IN BEIJING AND THE LIST OF THE CCP'S HIDDEN IN THE NORTHERN EXPEDITION ARMY, BUT COMRADE LI DAZHAO DID NOT ANSWER. Zhang Zuolin ordered his men to be tortured, trying to pry open Comrade Li Dazhao's mouth with a cruel torture device.
But Li Dazhao had already anticipated such a situation when he was arrested and imprisoned, he knew that his hope of survival was extremely slim, he would leave more hope for his revolutionary compatriots, and in the face of severe torture, Li Dazhao was ready to dedicate himself to the revolution.
Zhang Zuolin had no way to do anything about this, he had thought that Li Dazhao was just a scholar and could not withstand the torture of interrogation, but he did not expect that the prison gear only destroyed Li Dazhao's body, but it could not erase his spiritual qi.
Figure 丨 Severe torture
Comrade Li Dazhao became more and more energetic in prison, and he led the revolutionary compatriots who were arrested to fight together, encouraging the latter to struggle until the last moment, and he insisted on his faith and the unrepentant doctrine in his heart.
After several days of difficult prison life, Li Dazhao has been tortured beyond recognition, and Zhang Zuolin and others, fearing that Li Dazhao and others will not be able to bear to die in prison, decided to suspend the execution and let them go to the so-called "court" trial.
In court, Comrade Li Dazhao was impassioned, pointing out that the acts of losing power and humiliating the country by the warlords were all measures that pushed China into the abyss, and only the revolution could see the dawn of hope.
He told the court that everything he and his revolutionary compatriots did was for the ultimate victory, to save the people from fire and water.
Figure丨 Warlord
However, the "judge" sitting above did not come to listen to Comrade Li Dazhao's speech, he just came to casually find a false accusation to put on the head of Li Dazhao and others and convict him!
The most fundamental cause of the accelerated death of Comrade Li Dazhao is related to Chiang Kai-shek. At that time, the foundation of the Communist Party of China was still shallow, and the two leaders, Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu, had different views on the ARMed Forces of the Communist Party.
Chen Duxiu believed that the party should have its own armed forces so that it could not be controlled by others, but the communist party at that time was weak, and even with the help of the Communist International, building its own army was a relatively long process.
The Party can't wait, and the people can't wait! So Li Dazhao proposed that with the help of reactionary warlord forces with progressive ideas such as Feng Yuxiang and Wu Peifu, turning opponents into teammates can not only reduce their own threats, but also enhance their own armed forces.
Figure 丨 Chiang Kai-shek
Li Dazhao also succeeded, and he successfully plotted against Zhang Zuolin's general Guo Songling, and joined forces with Feng Yuxiang to pose a great threat to the warlord forces.
It was because of this that Chiang Kai-shek had a clear understanding of the power of the Communist Party, and he realized that the existence of the Communist Party of China was a threat.
So on April 12, Chiang Kai-shek launched a counter-revolutionary coup that shocked the world, killing countless communist revolutionary compatriots, and everyone was shrouded in white terror.
It was precisely because of this coup that Zhang Zuolin knew that Chiang Kai-shek was in line with his own ideas and regarded Comrade Li Dazhao as a thorn in his eye. In order to face public opinion, Zhang Zuolin and others began to look for evidence.
Figure丨 4.12 coup d'état
During the arrest operation, Zhang Zuolin and others searched for seven truckloads of documents at Li Dazhao's residence, and he instructed his subordinates to sort out the contents of the documents as soon as possible.
In order to speed up the progress, the police station sent special personnel to sort out the contents of Comrade Li Dazhao's secret contact with the Soviet military and wanted him to unite with the Northern Expeditionary Army to annihilate the reactionary warlords in one fell swoop and thus capture the northeast.
It also compiled a "Compilation of Soviet Conspiracy Documents" and published its contents to the public, which suppressed the development of public opinion to a certain extent and made the Soviet Union dare not act rashly.
With the evidence, Zhang Zuolin did not have to be afraid of peace talks with the Northern Expeditionary Army, because Chiang Kai-shek and Zhang Zuolin had one opinion on the murder of Comrade Li Dazhao.
Picture 丨 Compilation of Soviet conspiracy documents
After learning of this news, Comrade Li Dazhao calmly and fearlessly accepted his own death, and he only made one request, without shooting.
So Zhang Zuolin specially purchased gallows from abroad and ordered that Li Dazhao and other revolutionary compatriots be executed on April 28.
The greatest feature of hanging is that before death, the tortured person will go through an extremely long time and endure great suffering.
Comrade Li Dazhao spent a long 40 minutes on the gallows before his death, he experienced the feeling of suffocation that was about to die, and was picked up by the torturer to untie the rope, returned to consciousness, and once again faced breathing difficulties and was rescued, such a process was repeated three times, and in the last heroic righteousness.
Picture 丨 Li Dazhao
Truth
Comrade Li Dazhao's departure was undoubtedly a major blow to the party, and countless revolutionary ancestors burst into tears after hearing the news of Li Dazhao's death, full of sorrow, and vowed to pay the murderer's blood debt.
And 24 years after Comrade Li Dazhao's death, that is, in 1951, the seven murderers who persecuted Comrade Li Dazhao finally paid their due price.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the party non-stop listed the murder of Comrade Li Dazhao as a first-class case and dispatched a special team to solve the case to restore historical facts and investigate the truth.
However, because the entire arrest and interrogation were carried out in secret, and no paper files were preserved, the special case team members were at a loss, and at this moment, a preserved commendation document attracted everyone's attention.
Picture 丨 Gallows in the museum
The document reads that Wu Yuwen and Chen Xingya were awarded commendations for their meritorious efforts in arresting Li Dazhao. Although there were defects in the household registration problem at that time, and the personnel were not good at investigating the whereabouts, it was a major breakthrough after all.
After restoring history and the confession of a police officer who was arrested at the time, the special case team finally determined the identity of the prisoner.
They were Chen Xingya of the Police Department at that time, Wu Yuwen and Lei Hengcheng of the Investigation Department, and Pu Zhizhong, who was in charge of the judiciary, and it was Wang Zhennan, He Fenglin, and Yan Wenhai who finally convicted Comrade Li Dazhao.
After the people's active reports and the huge suppression of the counter-revolutionary movement, the spies hiding in the corner were arrested one after another, and all the murderers of Comrade Li Dazhao were arrested.
Figure 丨 Li Dazhao wax figure
epilogue
The truth has been made public, and the bad guys have been duly punished, but our hero Comrade Li Dazhao has forever heroically sacrificed his life for the revolution in his heart and for his idealism.
Li Dazhao brought Marxism to China, was the enlightener and founder of the Communist Party of China, and the countless contributions he made are deeply engraved in our hearts and will never fade.
Li Dazhao left only the gallows that brought him death, two prison Chinese chapters, which did not reveal half of the information related to the party, and a video of a public speech, we can only rely on these objects that have traces of him to remember the martyrs and pay tribute to this heroic revolutionary!