On the issue of the Communist Party of China's treatment of war criminals, Chairman Mao once said: The overwhelming majority can be reformed.
As the last emperor of China's two-thousand-year feudal dynasty, Puyi's identity is the most special, during the Japanese invasion of China, he became a puppet emperor manipulated by the Japanese, committing a heinous crime.
After Puyi was arrested, according to Chairman Mao's instructions, Puyi's prison should implement the revolutionary humanitarian spirit, respect the personality of war criminals, and not insult or abuse Puyi.
Figure | Puyi
In addition, in accordance with the relevant regulations, only peripheral guards are allowed to carry guns in prisons, and internal guards are not allowed to carry guns, and the management method of "tight outside and loose inside" is adopted, and all notices involving the handling of war criminals are kept confidential.
Among all the war criminals, Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou attached great importance to Puyi, but many people regarded Puyi as a mysterious figure and wanted to find an opportunity to "see the holy appearance", so the prison regulations: It is forbidden to visit Puyi.
On the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the founding of New China, Puyi was pardoned by the first batch of amnesties according to Chairman Mao's instructions, and puyi completed his own transformation from a puppet emperor with deep sins to a Chinese citizen who could enjoy the right to vote.
After Puyi was released, Premier Zhou paid special attention to Puyi's thoughts and life, and visited Puyi whenever he had time. For Puyi, he never expected that he would be treated like this, and before he died, he was most grateful to Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou.
When Puyi came to power, Mao Zedong was still studying at school
On December 2, 1908, a large number of people in the Forbidden City of Beijing were holding a prostration ceremony in the square of the Taihe Temple, and a 3-year-old doll sat on a golden dragon chair.
He is Puyi.
"Long live my emperor..." The young Puyi did not understand what this meant, looking left and right on the dragon chair, and the person who knelt next to him to support him was his father, the regent Zaifeng.
Puyi did not understand why the civil and military officials knelt down to him, and even less did he know that the world at this time was experiencing turbulent changes.
At this time, in Shaoshanchong, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, 15-year-old Mao Zedong was full of vigor and was reading hard under an oil lamp, and a book "On the Danger of China Being Divided by the Great Powers" attracted Mao Zedong's attention.
Under the influence of these books, Mao Zedong worried about the fate of the country, and he did not hesitate to bid farewell to the rice shop arranged for him by his father to make a living, and resolutely walked out of Shaoshan Chong and began a journey of study.
In 1911, when Mao Zedong went to Changsha, he read the constitution of the Chinese League Led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, became familiar with the main ideas of the Chinese revolution, and wrote an article and posted it on the school door, causing a sensation.
That same year, 18-year-old Mao Zedong enlisted in Changsha as a soldier in the Xinhai Revolutionary Army, and it was there that 14-year-old Zhou Enlai participated in anti-imperialist and anti-feudal propaganda activities in Shenyang.
At this time, Puyi had already announced his abdication, and Yuan Shikai, who stole the fruits of the revolution, still regarded Puyi as the "emperor" in his mind and arranged for people to serve him.
Most of the luxurious life that Puyi came into contact with was learned during this time. In the first year of the Republic of China, Empress Longyu invited a reading teacher to the six-year-old Puyi, and Puyi began to learn ancient poetry and arithmetic.
Puyi's "emperor" career was not good, with the upsurge of society, Puyi's subordinates fled one after another, and in 1924, Feng Yuxiang suddenly put Cao Kun, the president of the election, under house arrest, and the coup d'état in Beijing began.
At that time, Puyi was forced by Lu Zhonglin to move out of the Forbidden City within 2 hours, in fact, from this moment on, Puyi's life changed dramatically.
The day after Puyi moved out of the Forbidden City, the Japanese openly announced that they would "accommodate" Puyi, and the young and ignorant Puyi accepted the Japanese and embarked on a criminal life.
When he was with the Japanese, Japan said that it would give Puyi enough treatment, and threatened to find a daughter-in-law for Puyi, and would also let Puyi "return to his place", Puyi believed in the words of the Japanese.
In 1931, the Japanese had been planning for a long time, launched the 918 Incident, Puyi under the control of the Japanese established a puppet Manchukuo in the northeast, became the Kant Emperor, the news came out, the whole country was in an uproar, the former Chinese feudal emperor, turned into a "traitor".
This is not only unacceptable to the Chinese people, but even Puyi's relatives are even more unacceptable, and even once broke off relations with Puyi, saying that Puyi had humiliated the Aixin Jueluo family.
From his becoming Emperor Kant to Japan's defeat and surrender in 1945, Puyi committed heinous crimes during these ten years, and after the collapse of the puppet Manchurian regime, Puyi tried to flee to Japan, but was captured by the Soviet Red Army at Shenyang Airport, and his crimes were destined to be tried by the people.
After the founding of New China, Puyi was officially detained in the Fushun War Criminals Management Center for reform, number 981, and although Puyi in prison regretted it, he was depressed and depressed all day, and even wanted to commit suicide many times, until Chairman Mao personally interrogated Puyi.
Puyi's two heart knots
The reason why Puyi can't think of it is nothing more than two reasons.
First, his former traitorous deeds were an ironclad fact, and although he strongly expressed in court that he was manipulated by the Japanese, he himself belonged to the will to act and could not escape the blame, and he believed that he himself should go to the guillotine.
Second, the ancient Chinese feudal dynasty, the most important to the plot of mountains and rivers, Puyi not only betrayed the country, but also created a stain on the royal family, he believes that he himself is a sinner of the family, even if he will not be executed, he will not face the Ai Xinjue Luo family.
As far as war criminals are concerned, among the thousands of high-ranking generals who have been captured, Puyi is the most special one, and Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou have discussed Puyi many times.
First, during Puyi's imprisonment, his ability to live was very weak, even folding quilts and tying shoelaces was a very difficult thing, and it was no wonder that he was accustomed to pampering since he was a child, but it is worth noting that Puyi created his own biography "The First Half of My Life" in prison.
Second, on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the founding of New China in 1959, Puyi was pardoned by the first batch of amnesties at the Fushun War Criminals Management Center in Liaoning, which Puyi did not expect at all.
In the autumn of 1959, when chairman Mao's "Pardon Decree" reached Fushun, Puyi did not show great surprise, because from the moment he was imprisoned, Puyi considered himself a dying person.
After Puyi was pardoned, he once told his friend Shen Drunk about his feelings at that time, saying that he believed that all the last emperors did not have a good end, such as Li Yu, the lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and the Chongzhen Emperor.
It is also the imprisonment of this kind of thinking, and the moment he sees the sun every morning, Puyi thinks that it is reborn. When he learned that the government would pardon a group of people, Puyi felt that he must not have himself.
Therefore, when Puyi got his amnesty certificate, he cried loudly, he did not expect that Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou of new China would have such a mind, and his thoughts completely changed from a feudal emperor to a Chinese citizen.
A year later, Puyi's younger brother Pujie was pardoned, and in order to care about Puyi's life, Premier Zhou made special arrangements, planning to invite Puyi's family to dinner and untie their hearts by the way.
In fact, Premier Zhou invited puyi's family to dinner, and one of the very important reasons was to regulate the relationship between Puyi and family members.
During Puyi's time in puppet Manchukuo, in order to take advantage of Puyi, the Japanese hired Puyi's seventh uncle Zaitao to take up a post with a high salary, but Zaitao understood the great righteousness and expressed his determination not to be a traitor.
Not only that, Zaitao also severed ties with Puyi, saying that there would be no more contacts in this life, and then he lived in seclusion in Beijing hutongs and lived a civilian life.
After the founding of New China, Premier Zhou specially introduced Zaitao to Chairman Mao and hoped that Chairman Mao would entrust him with a heavy responsibility. Under Chairman Mao's care, Zaitao was appointed as an adviser to the Ma Political Bureau of the Artillery Command, and also became a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
When Chairman Mao received Zaitao, he inadvertently asked, "Are you still in touch with your nephew Puyi?" ”
Zaitao smiled and said, "He's a war criminal, how could I contact him?" ”
Chairman Mao naturally understood what Zaitao meant, and then shook his head and said, "No matter what, you are also his uncle, I heard that Puyi is doing well in prison, and I hope you will see him on my behalf." ”
Zaitao also did not expect that Chairman Mao would entrust him with such an important task, in fact, Chairman Mao's words were already telling Zaitao that New China was absolutely tolerant of Puyi.
A few days later, Zaitao came to Fushun with Chairman Mao's instructions to visit Puyi, and Puyi was very excited to see uncle Seven come to see him, and he hugged Uncle Seven and burst into tears.
Zaitao said: "Don't think that I have forgiven you, it was Chairman Mao who asked me to come to see you, and I hope that you will make a good transformation and strive for leniency." ”
It was also Zaitao's visit that made Puyi's thinking grow qualitatively.
On the eve of the Spring Festival in 1961, that is, on February 12, 1961, on the 28th day of the twelfth month of the lunar calendar, Premier Zhou invited the Ai Xin Jue Luo family to his home, which no one expected.
Premier Zhou took the lead at the dinner table and said: "I invited everyone to come here today just to talk to you about your respective lives. ”
In addition to Puyi, there are also Pujie, Zaitao, and Puyi's sister Yun Ying, etc. In fact, this is not the first time Premier Zhou has seen them.
As early as January 26, 1960, Premier Zhou had met Puyi and others at Zaitao's home, when Yun Ying was very nervous when she first saw Premier Zhou and did not dare to speak. Premier Zhou said: "Don't be nervous, you are in the district CPPCC, I am in the NATIONAL CPPCC, we are colleagues." Everyone laughed with tears.
Figure | Puyi's sister Yun Ying
At this meeting, Premier Zhou's humor made everyone feel a different kind of comfort, especially Pu Jie, who had just been released from prison, Premier Zhou had asked him what he wished, and he repeatedly said that he wanted to take his wife back.
Pu Jie's wife is Japanese, and since his arrest, his wife has returned to Japan and now wants to take her back, but she faces many problems, such as whether she will adapt to life in China.
But Premier Zhou said it was okay to come back, as long as it could be reformed without any problems. Premier Zhou's tolerance made Pu jie deeply moved.
Soon it was time to eat, Premier Zhou said: "According to the Chinese New Year custom, we want to eat dumplings. ”
Premier Zhou attentively gave everyone a dish, making Zaitao and others tearful, premier Zhou saw everyone's emotions, and then suggested: "Well, let's let Puyi tell you a story." ”
After hearing this, Puyi quickly put down his chopsticks and said, "How can I tell a story?" ”
Premier Zhou waved his hand: "You have lived in the inner courtyard of the imperial palace since you were a child, and you know more than us, or you can tell a story of Cixi." ”
At the suggestion of Premier Zhou, Puyi told everyone a story about the festival of Empress Dowager Cixi. When Cixi loved Puyi, Puyi was not yet 3 years old and did not remember at all, so he was also hearsay.
It is said that during the Battle of Jiawu, Empress Dowager Cixi was still holding a big birthday in a beautiful place, and someone sent a war report saying that there were heavy losses ahead, but Cixi said: "Wait until I finish my big birthday." ”
Although it is a story, it reflects the corruption history of the Qing Dynasty that year, and after Puyi finished speaking, he frowned and smiled: "I am finished, let Premier Zhou also tell you a story." ”
Premier Zhou immediately put down his chopsticks and said without any shirking, "Then I will tell you about the different customs of various ethnic groups in China."
In fact, Premier Zhou's "story" is not simply telling stories, he is also telling the Ai Xin Jue Luo family present through the customs and stories of different ethnic groups to help each other and unite as one.
Premier Zhou's reception can be said to be very clever and appropriate, so that the members of the Ai Xin Jue Luo family can understand and help each other, which is extremely difficult.
Subsequently, Premier Zhou and Chairman Mao specifically talked about this matter, and Premier Zhou told Chairman Mao that the relationship between their families was still good, that is, Puyi still had knots in his thinking.
In order to reassure Puyi, Chairman Mao decided to personally invite Puyi to dinner.
Chairman Mao: Find you a bridesmaid
During the Spring Festival of 1962, Chairman Mao specially invited Puyi to dinner from his busy schedule, and when Puyi learned about it, he was flattered.
In addition to Puyi, Chairman Mao also invited four elders of high moral standing, namely: Zhang Shizhao, Cheng Qian, Qiu Ao, and Wang Jifan.
Before Puyi arrived, Chairman Mao joked: "Guess who I invited to dinner today, give you a hint, he was once the boss here." ”
After Chairman Mao finished speaking, the four elders turned their heads and did not know what to do, they were all elderly people who were more than a hundred and a half years old, who was still their superior?
After a while, Puyi came, and Chairman Mao immediately shook Puyi's hand and said to everyone, "What? Don't know each other? This is Ai Xin Jue Luo Puyi, that is, the Xuantong Emperor, is not our superior? ”
After Chairman Mao finished speaking, everyone laughed and laughed, and there was really some truth in saying this. Puyi was said to cry by Chairman Mao's kind opening remarks, he was most afraid of others saying that he was the emperor, and Chairman Mao's words finally let him go.
When Puyi was just released from prison, a very old citizen saw Puyi and actually knelt down and said long live the emperor, which almost frightened Puyi, and he said that he would never call him the emperor in the future.
At the dinner table, Chairman Mao asked Puyi about his recent work, as well as Puyi's family and life, and when he learned that Puyi was still single, Chairman Mao turned to Zhang Shizhao and said, "You can introduce Puyi to puyi. ”
In fact, Puyi's "imperial concubines" are not many, but the passage of time has passed, and they have all left him.
Not only that, Chairman Mao personally gave him a knot in his heart, Chairman Mao said while eating: "I read your copy of "The First Half of My Life", but I didn't have the patience to read it, you wrote yourself too badly, I don't think this is like a biography, more like a confession, you don't want this, this has nothing to do with you, this is all caused by history. ”
Chairman Mao's words made Puyi's heart very warm, all the hardships and doubts in his heart were solved, and he would never hide the fact that he had been emperor again.
When someone sees him again and says that the emperor is good, he will joke that he is good, everyone is good.
This is exactly what Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou wanted to see.
Under the care of Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou, Puyi and nurse Li Shuxian married, and it was this marriage that made Puyi truly feel what is true love and what is the warmth of home.
From Puyi's amnesty in 1959 to Puyi's serious illness in 1967, although there was not 10 years before and after, he truly felt the warmth of new China.
He once said to a friend: "I, the last emperor, can get such a good ending, thanks to China having a Chairman Mao." ”
In October 1967, Puyi was seriously ill and hospitalized, relatives and friends came to visit Puyi, according to the doctor who treated Puyi, Puyi said to many people at the last moment of his life.
When her sister Yunhe went to visit Puyi, the last words Puyi said to her were: I can finally leave this world as a person in the true sense, and I am happy about it.
When his nephew Yu Yao went to visit Puyi, puyi's last words left for him were: I can't do it, I hope you remember, do a good job, and contribute to the country.
Good friend Du Yuming also went to visit Puyi, and Puyi said: I haven't smoked for a long time, let me light one.
When his younger brother Pujie went to visit Puyi, Puyi said in a weak voice in his ear: I want to see Premier Zhou again.
This was Puyi's last words left in the human world.
From these last voices, it is not difficult to see that Puyi never forgot the teachings of Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou, and also reflected Puyi's love and admiration for the people's leader.
At 2:30 a.m. on October 17, 1967, Puyi died at the age of 61, and his body was cremated on October 19, 1967.
After Puyi's death, how to deal with the body is actually a problem, he is an ancient royal family, it is reasonable to say that he should be buried in the imperial tomb, but Puyi's family said that Puyi is already a citizen of New China, and there is no need to bury the imperial tomb.
In this regard, Premier Zhou made clear instructions that the Ai Xin Jue Luo family could make their own choices, or they could choose anywhere in the Revolutionary Cemetery, Wan'an Cemetery and other cemeteries.
Finally, after the unanimous agreement of the family, Puyi's ashes were deposited in the Babaoshan People's Columbarium.
Puyi, the last emperor of China's two-thousand-year-old feudal dynasty, returned to the dust with gratitude for new China.
It was Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou who wrote Puyi into a permanent chapter of history.
It really responded to that sentence:
Deeply comforting the soul to fly out of the sky, Enzhongjia is stationed in the human world.