Text/History of boiling water
After the founding of New China, there was a person who had been lonely for a long time, but when it comes to his experience, no matter which one can be called "Wang Bomb":
He founded the Beijing Communist Group with Li Dazhao, was the second party member of the group, the third person outside of "Southern Chen Bei Li", and one of the early founders of the Chinese Communist Party.
He acted as the director of the Peking University Library and was the "boss" of the famous librarian at that time.
He was Zhou Enlai's introducer to the party, and together with Zhou Enlai introduced Zhu De to the party.
He was one of the founders of the Whampoa Military Academy and served as deputy director of the Political Department.
He is the commander-in-chief of "One Twenty-Nine".
He was one of the founders of the NLD.
The above "hardcore" experiences, no matter which one they come up with, will make people thunderous. However, for many years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, his name was basically not mentioned, and his deeds were gradually forgotten, and when people mentioned him, they often added a modifier of "Zhang Dainian's brother".
In fact, Zhang Dainian should have been introduced by others, he was the younger brother of whoever it was!
He grabbed a handful of "Heavenly Listening" cards, but he was forced to be "Xianggong" by himself.
Who is he? He is Zhang Shenfu.
From library to library
Zhang Shenfu was born in 1895 in Xianxian County, Hebei Province, a scholar of the Xiangmendi, the son of a Qing Dynasty jinshi, an editor of the Hanlin Academy, and a member of the House of Representatives of the Beiyang government during the Republic of China. In 1914, Zhang Shenfu was admitted to the Mathematics Department of Peking University with excellent results, but he developed a strong interest in philosophy and was the first person in China to introduce Russell's philosophy.
In 1917, Zhang Shenfu stayed at Peking University as a teaching assistant after graduating from Peking University, and soon met Li Dazhao, the director of the Peking University Library, and won Li's trust. When Li Dazhao went out, he appointed zhang Shenfu as the acting curator several times.
At that time, Mao Zedong, who was two years older than Zhang Shenfu, had just been introduced by Mr. Yang Changji, a professor of ethics at Peking University, to the Library of Peking University as a librarian.
One of Mao's jobs was to fill out book cards. Mao Zedong's dragon flew phoenix dance, and Zhang Shenfu reprimanded him and asked him to fill it out again.
After the founding of New China, Zhang Shenfu could not be arranged because of the publication of the article "Appeal for Peace" published in 1948, and the enthusiastic Zhang Shizhao mentioned to Mao Zedong the problem of Zhang Shenfu's work arrangement, and Mao Zedong laughed: "Boss Zhang was my superior back then, and his face was very ugly. ”
Later, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhang Shenfu did not have a job, or Zhou Enlai arranged for Zhang Shenfu to work in the Beijing Library.
His life drew an amazing circle and returned from the library to the library.
An early founder of the Chinese Communist Party
Under the influence of Li Dazhao, Zhang Shenfu quickly accepted Marxism. At the beginning of 1920, Li Dazhao in Beijing and Chen Duxiu in Shanghai began to consider the establishment of the party, and Zhang Shenfu also actively participated in the preparatory work, actively contacting in the "Southern Chen and Northern Li".
Li zhang and his wife were in Beijing to set up a communist group and set out to recruit party members. The first person they hoped to develop was Liu Qingyang from the Tianjin Awakening Society.
Liu Qingyang originally did not refuse, however, when she saw that Zhang Guotao was listed in the list of party members, she no longer agreed to join in any way.
At that time, Zhang Guotao was enthusiastically pursuing Liu Qingyang, but Liu Qingyang saw that Zhang Guotao was narrow-minded, unable to unite people, and did not have lofty ideals, so he resolutely refused. Liu Qingyang's insight is nearly 20 years ahead of many communists.
In November 1920, Zhang Shenfu, Liu Qingyang and Cai Yuanpei left Shanghai for France with the same multiplication wheel. In addition to Zhang Shenfu's identity as president Cai Yuanpei's secretary, he also has another identity, that is, to recruit party members among the work-study students in France.
Soon after arriving in Paris, Zhang Shenfu and Liu Qingyang began to live together. Without Zhang Guotao's factor, Liu Qingyang also gladly joined the party and became the second female party member of our party.
In the spring of 1921, Zhang Shenfu and Liu Qingyang introduced Zhou Enlai to the Communist Party of China in Paris, France.
Zhang Shenfu and Zhou Enlai boat trip
In September 1921, Zhang Shenfu resigned from teaching at the Sino-French University in anger because he was dissatisfied with the suppression of work-study students in France by the Chinese and French authorities, and in March 1922, he left Paris, France with Liu Qingyang and Zhou Enlai to take a train to Berlin, Germany.
In Germany, Zhang Shenfu and Zhou Enlai introduced Zhu De to the party. Previously, Zhu De had found Chen Duxiu in Shanghai and hoped to join the party, but he was categorically rejected.
In 1924, Zhang Shenfu returned to China to participate in the preparation of the Whampoa Military Academy and served as Chiang Kai-shek's German translator.
Liao Zhongkai asked him to recommend talents, and Zhang Shenfu made a list of 15 people, and the first person in the list was Zhou Enlai. Zhang also settled the travel expenses for Zhou to return from Europe, and single-handedly pushed Zhou to the position of director of the political department of the Whampoa Military Academy.
In early 1925, when Zhang Shenfu attended the "Fourth Congress" of the Communist Party of China held in Shanghai, he had a fierce dispute with Cai Hesen and others because of his opposition to the alliance with the Kuomintang, and he angrily withdrew.
He "withdrew".
A prominent democrat
In the years after the "withdrawal from the group", Zhang Shenfu successively taught at Jinan University, Peking University, Tsinghua University and other schools, teaching Russell philosophy or logic.
Russell once said to a friend, "Mr. Zhang Shenfu of China knows my writings better than I do." ”
In 1935, Japan continued to extend the magic hand to North China, and on December 9, Zhang Shenfu, as the commander-in-chief, together with Liu Qingyang and Yao Yilin, led the students of major and middle schools in Beiping to launch the "One Two. The Ninth Patriotic Movement, and was arrested and imprisoned for this, although Feng Yuxiang was released from prison on bail, he was dismissed from the school and forced to leave Tsinghua University.
In January 1936, the Peiping Cultural Circles Salvation Congress (the predecessor of the Democratic League) was established, and Zhang Shenfu was elected as a member of the presidium of the congress and an executive member of the national salvation congress.
When the NLD was founded, Zhang Shenfu, as one of the main initiators, served as the chairman of the Standing Committee and the Cultural Work Committee of the NLD.
As a well-known democrat, Zhang Shenfu, together with Shen Junru and others, was hired as the first member of the National Government.
For 3000 oceans
In October 1948, the People's Liberation Army won victories on the battlefield, the Liaoshen Campaign was coming to an end, the Huaihai Campaign would soon be fought, and the defeat of the Kuomintang was decided.
As early as the end of September 1948, the famous democrats Shen Junru, Zhang Bojun, Tan Pingshan, Cai Tingkai, and Wang Shaojun secretly went north to Harbin to prepare for democratic political consultations, regardless of the long journey.
All democratic parties know that the overall situation has been decided.
However, Zhang Shenfu, who was teaching in Beiping at this time, published a political article entitled "Appeal for Peace" in the "Observation" magazine at an inopportune time, saying that war "will cause the people of the country, at least the people of the northeast and the north of China, or at least the people who live in the big cities of north china in the northeast, but they will not live, and the country will lose all its vitality and lose face..."
Zhang Shenfu's article undoubtedly provided a cannonball for Chiang Kai-shek's fake peace, prompting fierce criticism, including by democrats. On November 15, the Fourth Enlarged Meeting of the NLD Headquarters in Hong Kong expelled Zhang Shenfu from the league on the grounds that "Zhang Shenfu's words and deeds have embarked on the road of anti-people and anti-democracy."
On December 16, the People's Daily published an article that "denounced the traitor Zhang Shenfu's betrayal of his life"! Ten days later, Liu Qingyang, the wife of Zhang Shenfu, who had entered the northeast liberated area, published a statement in the People's Daily to sever all ties with Zhang Shenfu.
The consequences are undoubtedly tragic. Why did Zhang Shenfu write this article?
In his later years, Zhang Shenfu also mentioned the article "Appeal for Peace" many times, and once explained some of the background of this article:
"I wrote this article and made $3,000. You know, it was a lot of income at the time. The professors were all starved of food and pay at that time, and eating was a problem. Chu Anping, the editor-in-chief of The Observation magazine, was a very famous and respected figure at the time, and he asked me for a manuscript, how could I refuse? His magazine was the most widely sold of democratic publications at the time, and there was a fee for the submission of the manuscript. I'm probably one of his highest-paid authors. ”
In this way, Zhang Shenfu ended up in disgrace because of the 3,000 yuan manuscript fee.
After the liberation of Peiping, Zhang Shenfu lost his job. Later, under the care of Zhou Enlai, he was placed in the Beijing Library, far from politics, and for decades afterward, the name "Zhang Shenfu" was basically out of the public eye.
Later, Zhang Shenfu recalled: "I didn't regret much in my life, but this 1948 article was one of the things I regretted. ...... I always ignored the consequences, said whatever I thought, had no political wisdom, didn't know how to sometimes open and close my eyes. As a result, "I was criticized by the Party in the harshest way, and my political position was completely swept away!" ”