On the morning of March 23, 1949, Xibaipo Village, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province.
After waving goodbye to Xibaipo's father and elder who had come to see them off, Chairman Mao and other central leaders put on glasses and masks, put on raincoats, boarded the car, and left Xibaipo in a dusty manner.
Although the bumps along the way were incomparable, the faces of everyone in the car were full of joy, and Chairman Mao's conversation seemed to be very strong, and he asked the guards and soldiers with a smile: "Now that it is March again, why do we always act in March?" Do you remember the timing of these operations? Let's talk about it. ”
One of the soldiers first replied: "On March 18, 1947, we withdrew from Yan'an! ”
Another soldier also scrambled to add: "On March 21 last year, we set off from Yangjiagou in Mizhi County, Shaanxi Province, and headed for North China! ”
Chairman Mao nodded after listening to this, and said with great emotion: "Today is March 23, and it is only two days away from March 21 last year, and now we are setting out to move towards Beiping, and after the liberation of the whole country, we will never move again!" ”
According to Chairman Mao's words, this day is precisely the day when the CPC Central Committee "went to Beijing to catch up with the examination."
Two days later, Chairman Mao arrived in Beiping by special train. At that time, Beiping was still in a state of chaos because it had just been liberated, and social order was extremely poor, and according to incomplete statistics, at that time, There were at least 114 Kuomintang secret service organizations and more than 8,500 professional agents in Beiping, which was not counting a large number of spies trained by the United States and Japan.
So much so that at that time, the children on the streets were singing and rumoring:
"There are many spies, there are many stragglers, there are many robbers, there are many thieves, and there are many silver dollar dealers."
Now that Chairman Mao has come to Beiping, it is a good opportunity to "reverse the defeat" in the eyes of Chiang Kai-shek's secret agents. Lurking in the darkness, the glamorous rays began to plot one evil plot after another against Chairman Mao...
Parade "Shock"
As the saying goes, you have a good plan, I have a wall ladder. As for the dirty plot of The Jiang bandit agents, Li Kenong and other comrades in charge of security work were well aware of everything and took strict precautions.
At 4:00 a.m. on the 25th, the special train stopped at Tsinghuayuan Station steadily, fortunately, there was no danger along the way, Chairman Mao got off the train safely, and went to the Summer Palace for a temporary rest.
According to the itinerary, at 5 p.m. on the same day, Chairman Mao began to inspect the troops at Xiyuan Airport. What no one expected was that when Chairman Mao slowly came to the soldiers in a jeep, one of the soldiers' gun suddenly twisted, and the muzzle of the gun was aimed at Chairman Mao impartially.
Li Kenong, who was always paying close attention to the situation at the scene, did not say a word when he saw the situation, and immediately went forward to block chairman Mao's front. However, the expected gunshots did not appear, only to see another soldier behind the warrior pull the corner of his coat, and the warrior immediately raised his chest and the muzzle of the gun was once again in the air.
After inquiring afterwards, I learned that this little soldier was a Hunan native, and had never seen Chairman Mao, a "fellow countryman," and now that Chairman Mao was close at hand, he wanted to take a second look at what the chairman looked like, which caused a big misunderstanding.
Although the incident that happened in the Xiyuan military parade was a oolong incident, what happened next was really dangerous and dangerous.
According to the arrangement, Chairman Mao will temporarily live in the Shuangqing Villa in Xiangshan after entering Beiping.
At two o'clock in the morning of the next day, Chairman Mao officially set out for Xiangshan. For this purpose, Li Kenong specially arranged two people and horses, one to protect Chairman Mao, and the other to lead a team to the Shuangqing Villa for the final investigation. As a result, I didn't know it, but I was shocked when I checked it, and there was a bomb in the bedroom prepared for Chairman Mao!
Before that, the Shuangqing Villa had been inspected many times, and the security personnel were all comrades who could be trusted, if it were not for Li Kenong's special visit to carry out the final investigation, the consequences would certainly be unimaginable, and Li Kenong was afraid while watching the soldiers dismantle the bombs.
After defusing the bomb, Li Kenong led people to conduct a thorough investigation of the villa for 45 minutes, and every tile was not spared, and finally confirmed that there were no other bombs here before he was relieved.
Later, the investigation revealed that the bomb was an old nun's place, and no one knew how she had bypassed the guards to put the bomb in.
Xiangshan Mutiny
After Chairman Mao lived in the Shuangqing Villa, he was very satisfied with the environment here, liked the landscape and flowers and trees here, even if zhongnanhai was cleaned up later, he was unwilling to leave and wanted to continue to work here.
However, in any case, Xiangshan is really far away. Coupled with the fact that Peiping had just been liberated, the social situation was not very calm, and the Kuomintang agents lurking in Beiping were eyeing the Shuangqing villa and were constantly plotting to rush into the villa to murder Chairman Mao so that they could go back to receive the reward.
For consideration of various factors, Premier Zhou and other central leaders came to Shuangqing Villa to persuade the chairman to work and live in Zhongnanhai. When Chairman Mao heard this, he was immediately unhappy: "I don't like Zhongnanhai!" I don't want to go! I'm going to go to you, I'm not going. ”
Chairman Mao believed that if he lived in Zhongnanhai in the Red Wall compound, he would be separated from the masses, so he would not want to go to anything. As a result, his reluctance to move did not matter, but the Kuomintang agents saw the opportunity.
When the Peiping peace negotiations were first negotiated, Fu Zuoyi made a special request, saying that he must be left with a guard regiment under his command, and that he must be fully armed. The Pingjin Front Command of the People's Liberation Army agreed to his request:
"In order to maintain order in the city, in addition to the police and the guards who guard the warehouse, they may retain the Chasui troops and a temporary guard unit, and the Hou People's Liberation Army guard troops will be replaced one by one after entering the city, but Mr. Fu will still retain the necessary guard troops."
At that time, in order to keep secrets, shuangqing villas were collectively called "Labor University" or "Labor University" for short. Fu Zuoyi's guard regiment did not know who was so far-fetched, saying that "Lao Da" was the harmonic sound of "boss", which meant that there was "the number one person" living inside, and they speculated that this should be the place where the head of the CCP lived.
Some of the officers in the guard regiment have not yet completely reformed their reactionary thinking, and now after joining the Platon's Liberation Army, they cannot bully men and women as usual, and their treatment has been reduced compared with the past, and they have suddenly accumulated a lot of dissatisfaction.
One day in early April, two battalion commanders in Fu Zuoyi's guard regiment found that the regimental commander was not in the barracks, and suddenly felt that "the day of the uprising had arrived", summoned the officers of all sizes to gather in front of the playground, and then jumped on the platform to instigate:
"Brethren, General Fu's fall into Pingyang is really helpless. He was forced to make a false peace on Liangshan, intending to preserve his strength and wait for an opportunity to rebel. Now, the opportunity has come. Mao Zedong lived in Xiangshan. Brethren, come with me, and we will attack The Fragrant Hills together..."
These former Kuomintang officers had just been reorganized, could not adapt to the strict discipline of the People's Liberation Army, and felt tied up, but now that the battalion commander had taken the lead in agitation, they suddenly shouted frantically: "Hit Xiangshan!" ”
While the guards were screaming and preparing for the rebellion, Lao Liu, the cook of the guard regiment, was hurrying around the barracks. Lao Liu is a red agent, he knows that the current situation is extremely urgent, and he must immediately report to the central leadership.
However, now that the battalion commander had blocked the gate and forbidden him to enter and exit at will, how could he get out?
Just when Old Liu was so anxious that he didn't know what to do, the afterglow of the corner of his eye saw a basket in the corner of the wall: "There is!" ”
Soon, Lao Liu came to the gate of the barracks with a basket, and after being stopped by the guards, he smiled and said that he wanted to go out to buy meat and fish, and give everyone "improved and improved food".
The guards did not suspect anything and let them go.
After old Liu Huang slowly walked out of the gate, he turned a few corners to make sure that no one was following him, and without saying a word, he ran to the CCP station.
When Li Kenong learned of the mutiny, he was shocked and immediately called Zhou Enlai to report the incident, and asked the Xiangshan guards to take precautions.
Zhou Enlai attached great importance to this and instructed Nie Rongzhen to send troops to solve the matter. Nie Rongzhen knew that there was no need to delay, so he found Tang Yongjian, director of the military region's training department, and said, "You should immediately take a regiment from the 207th Division to run it, move fast, and never alarm the enemy." ”
Soon after, nearly a hundred large trucks drove to the vicinity of Balizhuang under the leadership of Tang Yongjian, and the soldiers of the 1st regiment quietly surrounded the troublemaking barracks located on Cuiwei Road, and the rebels who were preparing to go out were also blocked inside. When Tang Yongjian saw this, he immediately let people shout inside with their loudspeakers:
"Brothers of the Guard Regiment, you are already surrounded! General Fu Zuoyi sincerely abandons the dark and casts light, becomes a man again, does not listen to the instigation of reactionary officers, and quickly lays down his weapons; we will ensure the safety of your lives, otherwise, you will become sinners of the people! ”
The rebels did not have much confidence in the impact on Xiangshan, 250,000 people surrendered, and who could they defeat with this small guard regiment of three battalions who had only defected to two battalions? Therefore, he quickly expressed his willingness to negotiate a settlement, and Tang Yongjian, in order to show his sincerity, drove a jeep into the gate of the barracks with a big swing.
After entering the barracks, Tang Yongjian found several party representatives installed in the troops of our army and asked them to do the work of doing the rebels, as long as they are willing to lay down their weapons, we can shake hands and make peace, otherwise we will solve the problem by arm.
In fact, the party deputies have no certainty in their hearts about whether they can succeed or not; they have not had time to establish their prestige not long after they have just arrived in this unit, otherwise they would not have even been the last to know about the mutiny of the troops.
In this regard, Tang Yongjian said: "You clearly told them that the People's Liberation Army has surrounded this barracks, there is no other way out but to put down the weapons, if you drop the weapons and beat them, the People's Liberation Army can use force." ”
After three hours of negotiations, the officers and men of the Guard Corps agreed to lay down their arms and surrender.
"Shock" Fragrant Mountain
On the other side, Shi Hongbin, the instructor of the 3rd Company of the Central Guard Regiment stationed in Xiangshan, was clutching a bowl in one hand and a gun in the other hand, nervously observing inside the bunker.
Just now, he suddenly received a call from Wang Dongxing, saying that a group of scattered soldiers had come towards Xiangshan. However, after seeing this group of scattered soldiers, Shi Hongbin suddenly had doubts in his heart: "Didn't you say that there was a mutiny?" How come there are only five or six people? And these people don't look like they're armed either. ”
Although the other party did not have a weapon in his hand, Shi Hongbin did not dare to be careless, after all, Chairman Mao lived in the villa. Just as he was thinking about how to deal with the rebels, his eyes suddenly widened: "How did the company commander run down like this?" And only one sentry? ”
Only to see that Hao Chuanpu, the commander of the third company, blocked the front of the five or six scattered soldiers with a sentry, and they were surrounded by a group. Although he was in danger, Hao Chuanpu was not afraid of danger, but instead interrogated the purpose of these people's coming here.
When Shi Hongbin saw the situation, he quickly sent a few people to control these scattered soldiers, and when he searched, he found that they did not have guns, but they had a lot of gold and silver treasures on their bodies.
When Fu Zuoyi's troops were reorganized before, there were often deserters and deserters, some people fled with guns, and some people fled with only money, and these people were the latter. Coincidentally, these big-headed soldiers did not know about Chairman Mao's stay in Xiangshan, and they came here in a vacuum, which belonged to the forbidden area by mistake.
Soon, the deserters were escorted to the battalion headquarters for further examination.
The soldiers of the Central Guard Regiment did not know until midnight that Fu Zuoyi's guard regiment had been disarmed. However, they still did not dare to be careless and continued to wait in a strict position. The next morning, when Chairman Mao woke up and went out for a walk, he learned about the situation and said with a smile:
"Don't be so nervous, for me Mao Zedong, you can't sleep!"
It is precisely because of this inexplicable "impact on Xiangshan" incident that the remaining deserters were severely pursued, and a large number of them were captured within a few days.
Angry Fu Zuoyi
The guard regiment under his command made such a big noise, Fu Zuoyi did not know anything about it, and slept soundly in his own home.
The next morning, as soon as Fu Zuoyi woke up, he received a notice from his men that his reinforced guard regiment had been disarmed by the Plake Army. At 12 o'clock in the middle of the night yesterday, Tang Yongjian personally led people to the mansion to arrest the chief and deputy commander and chief of staff of the guard regiment, and overnight, he Fu Zuoyi became a veritable commander of the light pole.
This situation obviously made Fu Zuoyi very angry, and without saying a word, he ran to the home of Ye Jianying, the mayor of Beiping City, slapped the table and shouted, asking for an explanation.
As for what happened yesterday, Ye Jianying at this time was actually not clear. In the face of Fu Zuoyi, who suddenly came to the door, he also had some zhang'er monks confused for a while, and persuaded Fu Zuoyi to leave in a good voice.
After a while, Fu Zuoyi sent his secretary Wang Kejun to find Nie Rongzhen, commander of the North China Military Region, and also Cai Shufan, director of the Political Department, and Tang Yongjian, director of the Headquarters Training Department, were present.
After Wang Kejun saw Nie Rongzhen, he did not greet him, and when he came up, he said with his head covered: "General Fu said that you Communists do not pay attention to faith and righteousness, and cross the river and tear down the bridge." ”
Nie Rongzhen saw the situation and smiled and told the ins and outs of the Xiangshan incident. Wang Kejun was still very dissatisfied with this: Not to mention that the two battalions did not put into action, even if they did, if they did, they caught the first offender and dealt with it, so why did they disarm together with the battalion that was not mixed in?
Tang Yongjian, who was standing nearby, asked Wang Kejun, "What is Mr. Fu doing with leaving a heavily armed army?" Isn't it to keep himself safe? Seeing that Wang Kejun nodded, he continued:
"To be honest, to ensure Mr. Fu's safety, we have more concerns than you." If Chiang Kai-shek assassinates him and then spreads rumors all over the world that we call him an uprising, then we will be justified and cannot explain it, right? Besides, can you guarantee that this regiment was not bribed by Chiang Kai-shek to assassinate Mr. Fu's spies? ”
Of course, Wang Kejun could not guarantee this matter, but just bowed his head and did not speak, Tang Yongjian saw the situation and issued a condition: "We are not embarrassed Mr. Fu, after you go back, pick thirty or fifty most reliable soldiers who will never be tempted by money, let them carry weapons, and all other weapons are handed over. ”
Wang Kejun did not answer, but went back to report to Fu Zuoyi. Fu Zuoyi knew that he was wrong, so he had to agree to this proposal and personally selected 35 personal guards.
After that, Fu Zuoyi specially went to the Shuangqing Villa to visit Chairman Mao, and during the conversation, he was very appreciative of the Communist Party's attitude of waiting for people. Premier Zhou, who happened to be present at the time, said: "Our work is not perfect, and sometimes some unpleasant things happen, such as the Xiangshan incident that just happened, and it is too late to say hello to Mr. Fu." ”
After listening, Chairman Mao also took over the conversation: "I know about this matter, please forgive Mr. Fu, we all know that Chairman Chiang Kai-shek is a person, he can do anything, it is impossible not to install traitors around you and me." ”
After hearing this, Fu Zuoyi quickly got up, smiled and said, "Thank you very much Mr. Mao and Mr. Zhou for their concern for me, and I will always remember it." ”
aftermath
After the Xiangshan Incident, the two battalions involved in the rebellion were dismantled and reorganized, and were assigned to the North China Supplementary Training Corps. The cadres of the battalion, which did not rebel, were sent to the Shijiazhuang Infantry School to study, and after graduation, they were promoted to work, and the three regimental-level cadres who were arrested were also quickly released.
Although he experienced the impact of the Xiangshan Incident, Chairman Mao was still reluctant to leave Xiangshan and move to Zhongnanhai, which he was more taboo about because it was the place where feudal emperors lived in the past. Premier Zhou understood the Chairman's concerns and objectively and comprehensively persuaded the Chairman from the aspects of work needs and security.
For this matter, the Politburo also held a special meeting, and when most comrades agreed to move to Zhongnanhai, Chairman Mao waved his hand: "Listen to people's advice, eat enough food, and move as you go!" ”
In this way, Chairman Mao reluctantly moved into Zhongnanhai, a high-walled compound. After living in Zhongnanhai Fengze Garden, Chairman Mao did not make redundant decorations to his residence, strictly prohibited extravagance and waste, and lived a very simple life, spending a full 27 extraordinary spring, summer, autumn and winter in it.