#动脉血管斑块怎么回事? #一般认为形成动脉血管斑块的主要原因是高血压, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, obesity, advanced age and other high-risk factors lead to the formation. Its mechanism is roughly as follows:
1, the theory of endovascular damage: arterial atherosclerosis, blood vessel wall becomes brittle and hard, and the endovascular membrane is rough and fragile. The damaged arterial vascular lining causes platelet aggregation, vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation, accumulation of the outer matrix and lipids, and plaque formation.
2, lipid infiltration theory: flat yellow plaques and linear striped spots can be seen on the arterial vascular lining, which are related to the foam cells that engulf lipids, and are also related to the infiltration of various lipoproteins, especially low-density lipoproteins, in the arterial vascular wall.
3, smooth muscle cell hyperplasia theory: whether it is arterial vascular lining damage or lipid metabolism disorders, it can promote the proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells, and the proliferation of smooth muscle plays an important role in the process of atherosclerosis, and the middle layer of arterial blood vessels forms plaques through cell proliferation.
Due to the progress of arterial ultrasound technology in recent years, the popularization of arterial ultrasound technology has been improved, and there is a clearer understanding of arterial plaque. From a clinical point of view, there are two types of arterial plaque:
1, stable plaque: plaque fiber cap is thicker, lipid pool is smaller, not easy to rupture and embolism off, so it will not cause embolism at the distal end of the blood vessel.
2, unstable plaque: fiber cap is more bookable, lipid pool is larger and easy to liquefy rupture, causing embolus to fall off, causing distal vascular infarction.
To prevent arterial vascular plaques, first control the mouth and open the legs. Then control hypertension and diabetes within the safe index range. The application of antiplatelet drugs can control the aggregation of platelets to prevent the further formation of plaques. Statin lipid-lowering drugs play a role in stabilizing plaques, preventing plaque detachment, changing the conformity of arteries, preventing atherosclerosis.