What is the purpose of landscape trees?
Landscape trees are seedlings that are specially used in urban construction, park greening, municipal greening and other projects, used to beautify the scenery and green the environment. It is generally planted in nurseries around the world and is divided into various grades according to different tree types. It constitutes a variety of ornamental individual tree species in the landscape forest, as well as trees that grow in different spatial environments and can be listed as independent attractions.
The biggest difference between it and the landscape forest is to enter the scenic sightseeing series with the individual's ornamental image and face, and its attraction effect mainly relies on the characteristics of the beautiful, ancient, rare, famous planted, and strange shape of the tree species.
Landscape trees can also be planted on the side of the road, poolside, corridor, pavilion or matched with mountain stones, buildings, etc., or scattered in groups of local small scenic spots, forming a naturally interesting arrangement, or in a regular layout of the area with an axis layout.
Classification according to the use and application of landscape trees in landscaping:
01. Application and selection of shade trees
Shade trees are tree species planted in gardens or parks with the primary purpose of taking their shade. It is generally a deciduous tree with a large crown and a thick shade, and the leaves fall when people need sunlight in winter. The choice of shade trees is mainly based on the ornamental effect combined with the function of shading. Many trees with flower, fruit and leaf viewing can be used as shade trees, but it is not appropriate to choose the type of clothing that is easy to pollute.
Common shade trees are: plane tree, ginkgo tree, horse chestnut tree, locust tree, luan tree, plain tree, beech tree, banyan tree, camphor tree, five-pointed maple, Mongolian oak, ash willow, weeping willow, dry willow, elm, silver poplar, mountain locust, plane tree, national locust, white ash, magnolia and so on.
02, the application and selection of street trees
Sidewalk trees refer to trees planted on both sides of roads, streets, parks and other road systems, with the main purpose of beautification, shading and protection. The street tree is the backbone of urban and rural greening, which can unify and combine the urban landscape, reflect the characteristics of the city and the road, and create a pleasant spatial environment.
In urban greening, street trees not only play an important role in shading the sun, reducing noise, purifying the air, beautifying the city, etc., but also outline a unique green vein for the city. When selecting street seedling tree species, first of all, you should choose a tree species with high resistance to the adverse conditions on urban streets, and require large canopy, thick shade, early germination, late defoliation and short leaf shedding period, flowers and fruits are not easy to pollute the street environment, dry, resistant to pruning, dry skin is not afraid of sun exposure, not prone to root tillers, few diseases and insect pests, long life span, and developed root system. The height under the branches of the street is more than 2.5m, the distance from the edge of the road should not be less than 0.7m, 1-1.5m is appropriate, the distance between the trees and the house should not be less than 5m, and the plant spacing is 8-12m.
In the north, street trees generally use deciduous tree species, such as: plane tree, locust tree, linden tree, ginkgo biloba, horse chestnut tree, goosefoot catalpa, woolly poplar, five-pointed maple, yuanbao maple, camphor, banyan tree, silver birch, magnolia, privet and so on. There are also some street tree species that can be viewed, such as luan tree, acacia tree, purple paulownia, kapok, phoenix wood, sheepshoe beetle, jacaranda and so on.
03, the application and selection of flowers and fruit trees
Trees, shrubs, bushes and vine seedlings with beautiful flowers or inflorescences whose flower shape, flower color or fragrance have ornamental value are called ornamental trees or flowers. The fruit is bright in color, peculiar in shape, durable, and does not pollute the environment.
Flowers and trees are the most widely used seedlings in gardens, they have a variety of uses, is an important ornamental material. In terms of configuration and application, it is also diverse, and can be planted alone, planted, planted, planted, planted or trimmed to form a scaffolding seedling species. In the garden, the flower viewing tree can not only be independently landscaped, but also can produce a role in setting off, contrasting, foiling and so on for various terrains and facilities.
Common flowering trees are: plum blossoms, peach blossoms, cherry blossoms, begonia flowers, elm plums, moon seasons, yellow thorn roses, white azaleas, meadowsweets, brocade flowers, cloves, camellias, rhododendrons, peonies, oleanders, fuso, wood hibiscus, hibiscus, purple weed, forsythia, spring, hypericum, drunken fish grass, sloppy, Taiping flower, etc. There are many types that can also be arranged into special types of gardens.
The planting of fruit trees in the garden with ornamental as the main purpose is mainly considered from the two aspects of fruit traits and colors.
In general, the shape of the fruit is based on the criteria of odd, giant and abundant:
■ The so-called "odd" refers to the strange and interesting shape of the fruit, such as the fruit of the copper coin tree shaped like a copper coin; The fruit of the scale hammer tree is like the scale hammer; The fruit of the purple bead resembles many small crystal clear purple pearls.
■ The so-called "giant" refers to the large fruit shape of the single body, such as wooden pineapple, grapefruit, durian, etc.; Or the fruit is small but the ear is larger, such as elderberry.
■ The so-called "abundance" means that as far as the whole tree is concerned, whether it is a single or a fruit spike, there should be a certain number of plumps in order to exert a higher ornamental effect.
The color of the fruit has a more important ornamental value:
■ The fruits are red, such as peach leaf coral, barberry genus, holly genus, goji berries, fire thorns, catalpa trees, southern bamboo, purple golden bull, etc.;
■ The fruit is yellow, such as plum, papaya, apricot, bergamot, grapefruit, yellow fruit fire thorn, wolfberry, loquat, etc.; The fruit is black Privet, Wujia, Loquat Leaf Pod Lotus, Jun qianzi, etc.;
■ The fruit is blue-purple, such as purple beads, grapes, white sandalwood, etc.;
■ The fruit is white, such as red wood, Hubei catalpa and so on.
04, the application and selection of vertical greening
Vertical greening refers to the vine seedlings used to green walls, railings, rocks, trellises, etc., including a variety of winding, adsorption, climbing and vine-like slender woody seedlings. Such seedlings can be used for various forms of trellis for rest or decoration, can be used for vertical greening of buildings and facilities, can climb lamp poles, colonnades or tall dead trees to form a unique tree effect, and can be draped on the roof, balcony, but also cover the ground. They do not occupy or rarely occupy the land area, the application form is flexible and diverse, and it has its own unique features in improving the quality of greening, enriching the garden scenery, and beautifying the building façade.
Common vine seedlings are: wisteria, lingxiao, luoshi, climbing tiger, small-leaf fufang vine, ivy, garlic vine, coix lily, mutong, wild rose, grape, Chinese kiwifruit, Jiaodong wei spear, southern snake vine, honeysuckle, clematis, wood fragrance, bougainvillea, mountain buckwheat, frangipani, cannon flower, leaf flower, gentleman, big flower old duck mouth, etc.
05, the application and selection of hedges
Hedges can be divided into three types according to height: high hedges, medium hedges, and low hedges.
High hedges
High hedges are often used to separate spaces, barrier gables, toilets and other places that should not be exposed, mainly for noise prevention, dust prevention, and separation of space, mostly shrubs or semi-trees planted at equal distance, which can be planted in single or double rows, and can also be used as the background of statues, fountains and art facilities, and can also be opened on them to decorate the landscape.
Features: The plant is tall, the height is generally above 1.5 meters, the group structure is tight, the texture is strong, and it has the effect of shaping the terrain, setting off the scenery and obscuring the line of sight.
Select tree species: tree, oak, French holly, big-leaved Privet, juniper cypress, elm, golden pheasant, purple locust, etc.
Medium hedge
The middle hedge can play a role in separating large scenic spots, and achieve the purpose of organizing tourist activities, increasing green texture and beautifying the landscape. It is often used in street green spaces, trail intersections, or planted next to parks, boulevards, sub-belts, streets and buildings; Many camps have built hedges, fruit hedges, and leaf hedges.
Features: the height is not more than 1.3 meters, the width is not more than 1 meter, mostly planted in double rows of geometric curves.
Select tree species: Gardenia, Laughing, Hibiscus, Red Mulberry, Hanging Bell Flower, Leaf Changing Wood, Golden Leaf Privet, Phnom Penh Coral, Little Leaf Privet, Seven Li Incense, Fire Thorn, Tea Tree, etc.
Dwarf hedges
Low hedges are used to enclose the garden and as an edge for lawns and flower beds, mostly used in small gardens, and can also form patterns.
Features: The height is usually within 0.4 meters, composed of small plant belts, and visitors can look over the hedges to overlook the flowers and plants in the garden.
Select tree species: Moon Season, Boxwood, June Snow, Mille-headed Cypress, Evergreen, Colored Grass, Red Leaf Barberry, Jasmine, Rhododendron, etc.
06. Application and selection of modeling bonsai bonsai
Modeling bonsai is a reproduction of natural scenery in the pot or the expression of a specific artistic conception of the artwork, the selection requirements of seedling tree species and potted plants have similarities, are adaptable, shallow root distribution, drought tolerance and barrenness, tolerant of extensive management, moderate growth rate, shade tolerance, long life, flowers, fruits, leaves have a high ornamental value of the species is appropriate. Stump bonsai should be pruned and artistically shaped, so the choice of materials should be more stringent than that of potted plants, requiring seedling tree species to be able to tolerate pruning and coiling, strong germination, and shortening between nodes.
The more common species are: Ginkgo biloba, money pine, old crow persimmon, Luohan pine, elm, ziwei, chicken claw maple and so on.
07. Application and selection of wood locally covered by seedlings
Native saplings are low, creeping shrubs or vines used to cover bare ground or slopes with greenery. They play a role in dustproof, cooling, increasing air humidity and soil protection, beautifying the environment, etc. When selecting seedlings, evergreen species that are resistant to shade, trampling and adaptable are mainly used. Commonly used tree species are: paved cypress, cypress, sand cypress, flat branch chestnut, bamboo, bamboo, white bamboo, stone, ivy, honeysuckle, American brocade, coix and so on. The application of wood native infesteds has certain limitations. Because it can neither shade nor allow people to move on it, it is not advisable to do too much in the garden green space.
08. Application and selection of protective trees
This type of tree species is more resistant to soot and harmful gases, and some can also absorb some harmful gases and play a role in purifying the air. They are suitable for greening plants and mines.
Suitable for the northern part of the mainland applications are: tree structure, soap pod, ailanthus tree, elm, small leaf park, dry willow, poplar, locust tree, mulberry tree, luan tree, acacia, mountain peach, sand jujube, silk cotton wood, ginkgo biloba, cypress, cypress, whitebark pine, strange willow, hibiscus, purple locust, snow willow, elderberry, forsythia, purple weed, wisteria, climbing tiger, American ground brocade and so on.
Suitable for the application of the Yangtze River Basin are: plane tree, plane tree, neem tree, plain tree, privet, palm, camphor tree, magnolia, mosquito mother tree, Luo Han pine, wolfberry, wolfberry, bearded fruit, coral tree, large-leaved boxwood, oleander, sea tree, anchovy orchid, pomegranate, fig, etc.
Suitable for the application of South China are: casuarina, Taiwan acacia, silver birch, stone chestnut, banyan tree, alpine fig, Indian gum fig, pot tree, pu sunflower, wood polo, yellow hibiscus, five-color plum and so on.
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