I. China (the world's largest livestock country)
Global animal husbandry status and evaluation: China is one of the countries with the richest animal husbandry resources and a long history of animal husbandry in the world. China has long since replaced the United States as the world's largest livestock producer. Whether it is in the production of cattle, sheep, pigs, fish, etc., China has ranked first in the world. According to fao statistics, China's animal husbandry industry has developed rapidly, pork, mutton and poultry egg production ranks first in the world, from the perspective of poultry egg production, after the reform and opening up, the mainland poultry egg industry has developed rapidly, and poultry egg production has ranked first in the world for many years. Poultry production ranks second in the world, and China has become one of the most important livestock countries.
Animal husbandry has also become an important pillar industry of China's rural economy, with animal husbandry output accounting for about 30% of the total agricultural output value, and the labor force engaged in animal husbandry production in the country exceeds 80 million. China's total meat production is the largest in the world. As early as 1990, the total output of meat on the mainland reached 28.567 million tons, surpassing the United States for the first time to become the world's largest meat producer. Among them, China ranks first in the world in terms of the number of pigs, the total output of pork, and the number of heads (only) of horses, mules, goats and rabbits, while the number of sheep and cattle heads (only) ranks 3rd in the world and 5th in the world, respectively.
China's most important pastoral areas are located in the northern and western frontiers, including Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi and other provinces and autonomous regions, with a total of 266 pastoral areas, semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral counties (banners), accounting for more than 50% of the total land area of the country, and the number of livestock heads accounting for 22% of the total number of livestock in the country. It is worth mentioning that the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is the largest animal husbandry production base in the mainland.
The vast areas in the north and west of China have about 10% of the country's livestock heads, of which the vast agricultural areas in the east, which are mainly based on planting, have 86% of the country's livestock heads, and the meat provided accounts for about 95% of the country, and the livestock products such as milk, poultry and eggs also account for an absolute advantage.
Eastern Meadow Prairie Region. The pasture grows densely, the grass production is high, the quality is good, suitable for the development of cattle, horses, sheep and other livestock, the production of three river cattle, three hippotamus is famous in the country. Central dry steppe region. It is an important production base for wool, sheepskin and mutton in China and the main production area for cultivated horses. The western semi-desert-desert area is an important distribution area for Chinese camels. It is worth mentioning that in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region, about 85% of the world's yaks are distributed in China, and the pastoral area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the most concentrated, which is the concentrated production area of yak at home and abroad.
The southern agricultural areas are rich in feed sources, and the number of pig heads in the whole region is close to about 2/3 of the national total, with the Sichuan Basin, the Two Lakes Plain, the Pearl River Delta, the lower Yangtze River Plain, the central and southwestern Zhejiang, the southeast coast of Fujian, the eastern Guizhou, and the middle of Yunnan being the most concentrated, with a large amount of feeding, a high rate of stockpiling and commodity rates. Cattle and buffalo are important cultivated animals in dryland and paddy fields in southern agricultural areas, respectively. Buffalo accounts for more than 99% of the country's head
Geographical advantages of animal husbandry: China has 317 million hectares of grassland resources, growing more than 3,000 kinds of pasture, in different geographical environments and climatic conditions, a variety of grassland types have been formed, which is conducive to the grazing and utilization of various livestock and different seasons, and the utilization rate of grassland is about 68.4%. In the vast agricultural areas, a large number of agricultural and sideline products and forage feed resources can be provided every year, reaching more than 700 billion kilograms, with many types, large quantities and rich nutrients. China's livestock breed resources are also extremely rich, after long-term selection and breeding and introduction of improvement, the country has bred about 260 excellent livestock and poultry local fine breeds, becoming a valuable gene bank for the development of animal husbandry in the country.
Australia (the country with the largest number of sheep and wool exports in the world)
Global livestock status and evaluation: Australia is surrounded by the sea and is the only country in the world that covers the entire continent. With an area of 7,617,930 square kilometers, Australia is the most economically developed country in the southern hemisphere, the 12th largest economy in the world, and the fourth largest exporter of agricultural products in the world. Australia is the flattest and driest continent in the world, and Australia is known as the "World Museum of Living Fossils".
Australia has overtaken Brazil in 2004 to become the largest beef exporter. Beef production still accounts for the largest seat in Australian agricultural products Quality and safety are the invincible magic weapons for Australian beef exports, and it is worth mentioning that Australian beef is also an important reason for victory due to the absence of major foreign diseases. Despite high prices, domestic demand for beef in Australia is increasing. Keith Adams, chair of the Livestock Council, once said: "The increase in quantity and value shows that consumers have recognised that Australian beef is not only of good quality, but also of good value for money. Australia has long profited from China's huge demand for beef overseas, which was once the world's largest importer of beef. In addition, the United States will export frozen beef to China in 2021 to surpass Australia The United States has quickly surpassed Australia to become the largest exporter of frozen beef to China.
Australia has the reputation of "a country on the back of a sheep" and a "country sitting on a minecart", and is an important producer and exporter of mineral resources in the world. Australia's agriculture and animal husbandry occupies an important position in its national economy, and animal husbandry is very developed. Australia's livestock industry is a leader in the world, and its advanced rearing technology, services and skills have been exported to many countries and regions.
Australia has grown from a barren land more than 200 years ago to today as a world leader in wool, beef, grain and a wide variety of food supplies. Its efficient, low-cost aquaculture is best suited to different geographical and climatic conditions in rough and rainy environments. Australia has long been known for its ability to raise and graze cattle on dry land. On the basis of the original, Australia is committed to the development of other areas such as dairy manufacturing, sugar, cotton, vegetable oil, rice, grass, hay, fruits and vegetables, wine and forestry.
Australia is the world's third largest exporter of single dairy products. The natural advantages of Milk Production in Australia, combined with its innate sense of doing business, have made it a strong presence in the growing Asia-Pacific market. Milk production in Australia has the advantages of good natural conditions, low cost, and hygienic operation. Cows are mainly raised on natural pastures and large farms. These farms are ideally located in a pleasant climate, nestled in a cool, tropical and moderate natural environment.
Australia's natural grasslands account for 55% of its total land area, ranking first in the world. Mainly planted perennial Gram pillar flowers, rye grass, alfalfa grass and white clover, red clover, etc., these high-quality pasture grasses are respected by the global professional lawn community, bright colors, thick green, tillers, strong disease resistance, high germination rate, fast formation, early rejuvenation, PH value suitable for a variety of land, less fertilization, less irrigation, drought tolerance, good compatibility, strong shade tolerance, cold resistance, heat resistance, trampling resistance, low pruning resistance and so on. With a long history of planting experience and advanced scientific management technology, the forage and turf grass planting industry can develop rapidly. High-quality pasture has brought healthy development to the dairy industry and is welcomed by the global market.
Australia is based on two start-ups: one is animal husbandry and the other is mining, which shows that the economic impact of animal husbandry in Australia is great, and more importantly, the development of animal husbandry in Australia is very consistent with the reality of Australia itself, making full use of Australia's advantages, so animal husbandry has a great impact on Australia's economy.
Geographical advantages of animal husbandry: Australia's geographical advantages are very obvious, for example, the east and west parts of the Tropic of Cancer in Australia are coarse grazing sheep belts, while the area north of the Tropic of Cancer is the coarse grazing cattle belt, the east and west of 33 degrees to 37 degrees south latitude are sheep and wheat mixed operation belts, and the sheep and cattle and cash crops mixed operation belts south of 37 degrees are mainly based on cattle husbandry.
3. Argentina (known as the "world's granary and world meat bank")
Global livestock status and evaluation: Argentina's livestock industry is very developed, known as the "world meat bank". The Pampas is one of the most important agricultural and livestock regions in Argentina, and the locally raised cattle are known as the "pride of Argentina"
Argentina has a long history of animal husbandry, and the breed and livestock level of livestock are in the leading position in the world. Pastoral production adopts the fence rotation method, the grassland carries 1 cow/ha, combined with farming, grass rotation and natural pasture, does not require much management, so the cost is lower and there is a strong price competitiveness in the international market.
The argentine livestock industry is mainly based on raising cattle and sheep, and the pasture area is 9 084. 70,000 hectares. Argentina was once one of the countries with the best beef quality in the world, once ranked fourth in the world in terms of export volume, and is one of Argentina's main sources of foreign exchange. There are 890 dairy production enterprises in Argentina, of which the proportion of foreign capital is large, but the two largest companies, SANCOR and MASTELLONE, are both Afghan-funded. Sheep occupy the second place in Argentine livestock.
55 per cent of the country's usable land is pastures and grasslands. Historically, Argentine cattle have been reared in the world after India, the United States, the Soviet Union, Brazil and China, ranking sixth. Sheep once ranked sixth in the world after China, the Soviet Union, Australia, the United States and India. Horses were once second to the United States and the former Soviet Union, ranking third in the world. Pigs once ranked seventh in the world after China, the Soviet Union, the United States, Brazil, Mexico and India. Wool production was once second to Australia, the former Soviet Union and New Zealand, ranking fourth in the world.
Argentina is the second largest country in South America and was once the world's largest exporter of beef, especially as a large ranching industry world-renowned. The reasons for the development of animal husbandry in Argentina are: First, the subtropical monsoon humid climate, there are very good grasslands, that is, the Pampas. Second, the land is sparsely populated and the land rent is low. Third, Argentina pays attention to the study of excellent cattle breeds and disease diseases to improve the quality of beef. Fourth, Argentina also grows refined feed (corn and soybeans, etc.) to improve beef meat production. Fifth, the emergence of sea freezer ships and the advancement of preservation technology have enabled Argentine beef to be exported to Western Europe, and the market is vast. Sixth, close to the port, there is a railway connection, the Argentine capital Buenos Aires is a large port. All this has made Argentina's animal husbandry very developed, especially cattle industry.
Argentina has considerable strength in global agricultural and animal husbandry scientific research, especially veterinary medicine, veterinary drugs, genetically modified crops, cloning and other technologies have reached the international first-class level. Argentina is one of the few countries in the world that grows genetically modified crops. Argentina has about 8 genetic research institutes.
In addition, Argentina is the farthest country from China, and it takes nearly 30 hours to fly from Beijing to Buenos Aires, and it is a miracle that Argentine soybeans, such a relatively cheap agricultural product, come to China in half a circle around the earth, but still make money.
Geographical advantages of animal husbandry: Argentina is an important producer and exporter of grain and meat in the world, known as the "world granary and meat bank". Argentina has a diverse climate with four distinct seasons. With the exception of the southern boreal zone, the majority is temperate and subtropical, so the average annual temperature in the north is 21.6 degrees Celsius. Most of the country has fertile soils and a mild climate, making it ideal for agricultural development. The eastern and central Pampas are world-renowned agricultural and pastoral areas, with some of the world's finest pastures. Argentina is also the world's largest producer of yerba mate. Production accounts for more than half of global production. Livestock in Argentina accounts for 40 per cent of the total value of agricultural and livestock production. 80% of the country's livestock are concentrated in the Pampas steppes, dominated by cattle and sheep.
4. The Netherlands (the second largest dairy country in the world)
Global livestock status and evaluation: The Netherlands is known as "the back garden of Europe, the world of tulips, the kingdom of windmills, the art mecca of Rembrandt and Van Gogh". It is a country with flowers and grass, poetry and wine. The beauty of the Netherlands often attracts countless tourists to stop or travel. As a small European country with poor resources, the Netherlands has become a major exporter of agricultural products that has repeatedly won "gold medals" and "silver medals" in the international trade arena, which can be described as creating an "agricultural miracle" that has attracted worldwide attention. The Netherlands is one of the world's leading exporters of dairy, pork, eggs, poultry and canned meat.
The Dutch animal husbandry industry is one of the three pillar industries of the Netherlands, which plays a leading role in the national economy, with a land area of 41,864 square kilometers and a population of 17.26 million people, but it has created a developed animal husbandry industry. Dutch livestock accounts for 70% of agricultural output and is the leading industry in the Dutch national economy. Dutch dairy cows are famous all over the world for their excellent breeds and high milk production. Dutch milk powder is sold throughout Europe, Asia and Africa. Grassland livestock farming in the Netherlands is found throughout almost all regions of the Netherlands. The Netherlands has a high level of scientific management and high-quality modern farmers. With only 5% of the total agricultural population, the Netherlands is the world's third largest exporter of agricultural products: 70% of the global market is exported of flowers, vegetables are the first in the world, and dairy production is ranked first in the world. Dutch agriculture is characterized by intensive management.
Founded in 1871 and with a history of more than 140 years, the world-famous Royal Friesland Company in the Netherlands is the only dairy company in the Netherlands to receive the Royal Title, the world's largest cooperative dairy company, and owns nearly 80% of the farms in the Netherlands. Its products are sold in more than 100 countries around the world. 95% of the world's prebiotics come from Royal Friesland, the world's leading lactose supplier, the world's leading caseinate supplier, and the world's leading manufacturer of microencapsulation technology.
Geographical advantages of animal husbandry: The Netherlands has a temperate oceanic climate, with warm winters and cool summers, and annual precipitation of about 834 mm, which is suitable for the growth of most crops. The natural resources of the Netherlands are not superior, but it has given full play to its own advantages and cultivated a unique international competitiveness. The Netherlands has chosen a development path that attaches equal importance to both farming and animal husbandry. Dutch agriculture is characterized by high inputs and high outputs, i.e. high efficiency through advanced and capital-intensive technologies.
New Zealand (the world's largest exporter of wool and lamb)
Global livestock status and evaluation: New Zealand is a highly developed economy. The World Bank ranks New Zealand as one of the most business-friendly countries in the world, with a successful economy that has successfully transformed from an agriculture-based economy to an internationally competitive industrial free-market economy. It is worth mentioning that New Zealand's deer antler velvet, lamb, dairy products and coarse wool are the world's largest export values. New Zealand is one of the most developed livestock producers in the world and the world's largest exporter of wool and lamb.
New Zealand animal husbandry is a pillar industry of the New Zealand economy, mainly cattle and sheep. There are 54,239 pastures in the country, covering an area of more than 9 million hectares. The number of people engaged in animal husbandry is about 130,000, accounting for about 3.9% of the country's population. In the development of agriculture in New Zealand, animal husbandry has always been in a dominant position. Even in the history of development for a whole century, there have been no major fluctuations and basically maintained a growth trend.
New Zealand was once the only country in the world that did not have foot-and-mouth disease and mad cow disease. New Zealand has the highest export value of lamb, dairy and coarse wool in the world, with 50 per cent of the country's total exports in the livestock sector. New Zealand's livestock production accounts for about 80% of the total agricultural output value, and the population engaged in animal husbandry accounts for about 80% of the agricultural population, which means that four out of every five people in New Zealand are engaged in animal husbandry. New Zealand has 13.65 million hectares of pasture, half of New Zealand's land area.
In the process of livestock production in New Zealand, the specialization of the division of labor is very fine, nearly a quarter of the pasture is mainly engaged in a certain product, such as fine wool, milk, beef and so on. There are not only various types of specialized farms, but also a certain link in the production and service process of specialized division of labor, such as in the whole process of beef cattle production, some units specialize in fattening, feed, epidemic prevention, varieties and other aspects of the production and service.
New Zealand ranches have achieved refined management and standardized management. New Zealand's grasslands are highly operational, with an average of 100 cows, or 2,000 sheep, per person. The general pasture size is 300 to 700hm2, about 400 cattle and about 3000 sheep. Such a large-scale ranch, 2 people can operate. It is worth mentioning that all aspects of New Zealand's ranch management have been mechanized throughout the process. The result of a high level of specialization and intensification is a significant increase in labor productivity.
As a country with less than 3% of China's land area, New Zealand's export volume of livestock-related products ranks first in the world. New Zealand has established the concept of sustainable development of grassland and animal husbandry, and implemented the strategy of "fixing livestock with grass, according to livestock with grass", that is, how much grass to raise how many livestock, as far as possible to maintain a balance between the grass production capacity of the grassland and the total amount of pasture needed by livestock. New Zealand's artificial grasslands account for 65.7% of the total grassland area.
New Zealand also attaches great importance to the selection of grass species. After more than 100 years of research and experimentation, New Zealand has selected grasses of the grass family Ryegrass and legume Clover as two dominant grass species. It should be noted that legumes have two characteristics, one is that the protein content is relatively high, which is conducive to the growth of livestock; The second is that it can fix nitrogen, and by absorbing nitrogen in the air to fertilize the soil, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in New Zealand artificial grassland is very small. In general, the large amount of nitrogen fertilizer is easy to cause groundwater pollution, resulting in excessive nitrite content in groundwater, and nitrite is one of the important causes of cancer and other diseases, so the choice of grass seeds also fully reflects the environmental awareness of New Zealanders.
New Zealand's livestock regulation system is very strict. The reason why New Zealand milk powder is famous all over the world is that in addition to high-quality milk sources and advanced scientific management methods, it is more important that the strict dairy product quality supervision system is strict. New Zealand adopts a more impartial and effective third-party testing and evaluation system. Third-party agencies are independent of dairy farms and dairy companies and are responsible for conducting product sampling and risk testing and assessment at least once a year. Risk assessment is not only based on production results, but also includes dairy farm location, dairy farm management and health status, feed and veterinary drug use, feeding environment and drinking water quality, milk cooling and nutrient content, etc.
Geographical advantages of animal husbandry: New Zealand is located in the southern hemisphere, belongs to Oceania, between Antarctica and the equator, surrounded by the sea, undulating mountains, has the reputation of "the land of long white clouds". New Zealand has plenty of sunshine, a warm climate, and abundant surrounding water resources, with an ideal environment for plant growth. With low temperature differences throughout the year, fertile soils, lush plant growth, 29% forest coverage and vast forests making New Zealand a veritable green kingdom. New Zealand has a temperate oceanic humid climate zone. Most of the country is located in temperate oceanic climate areas, with warm winters and cool summers, abundant annual precipitation and relatively even distribution, providing heat and moisture conditions for the growth of succulent pastures. New Zealand is mountainous and hilly, sparsely populated, widely spread natural pastures, and has a large scale of operation; Because New Zealand is located in the Southern Hemisphere, the production and supply of agricultural products is seasonally complementary to that of the Northern Hemisphere.
6. The United States (the world's most important livestock power)
Global livestock status and evaluation: the united States has an area of 9.37 million square kilometers, of which the plains below 500 meters above sea level account for 55% of the land area; The cultivated land area is more than 2.8 billion mu, accounting for more than 20% of the total land area and 13% of the world's total cultivated land area. Moreover, about 70% of the cultivated land is concentrated in the Great Plains and inland low plains in a large-scale continuous distribution, and the soil is mainly grassland black soil (including black calcium soil), chestnut calcareous soil and dark brown calcareous soil, with high organic matter content, which is particularly suitable for crop growth; The natural grassland area of the United States is 3.63 billion mu, accounting for 26.5% of the total land area and 7.9% of the world's natural grassland area, ranking third in the world; The forest area is about 270 million hectares, and the forest coverage rate is about 33%, that is, 1/3 of the national land area is forested.
The United States is the world's second largest producer of poultry meat, with poultry meat production exceeding that of Europe as a whole, and egg production once ranked second in the world. Per capita meat consumption in the United States began to reach 100 kilograms as early as the mid-1990s, 125 kilograms in 1997 and 140 kilograms in 2003. The per capita ownership of poultry meat and eggs is among the highest in the world.
Livestock production in the United States is distributed in bands. Animal husbandry production is distributed in bands, such as the dairy livestock belt in the northeast, north and central regions, which concentrates 70% of dairy production in the United States, and the meat livestock belt south of the dairy livestock belt and the surrounding areas, which concentrates more than 50% of the beef cattle production and more than 80% of the pig production in the United States. Texas is the largest producer of animal products in the United States, followed by Nebraska and Iowa.
The United States has always been a superpower in the production and export of livestock products, accounting for 19% of the world's beef production as early as 2008, ranking first in the world; Pork production accounts for 10% of the world's production, ranking second in the world; Poultry meat once accounted for 22% of the world's production, ranking first in the world. Eggs once accounted for 9% of world production, ranking second in the world. Milk accounts for 15% of world production, ranking first in the world; Cheese accounts for more than 30% of the world's production, ranking first in the world. Of course, later some production was surpassed by China and so on.
Geographical advantages of animal husbandry: the continental United States has a northern temperate and subtropical climate; The southern tip of Florida has a tropical climate; Alaska has a subarctic continental climate; Hawaii has a tropical oceanic climate. Most parts of the United States have abundant and evenly distributed rainfall, with an average annual rainfall of 760 mm.
The unique geographical environment, diverse and suitable climate, and rich land resources of the United States provide the necessary material basis for the United States to become the most developed agricultural country in the world. In particular, the flat terrain, openness and wide grassland area of the Great Lakes region of the United States are an important prerequisite for the development of animal husbandry. In addition, due to the dense urban density of the Great Lakes region, in order to provide raw materials for the production of livestock-related industries, such as dairy livestock, and reduce long-distance freight costs within a certain distance, this has also become an external reason for the development of this industry in the region.
7. Denmark (known as the world's "pork kingdom")
Global livestock status and evaluation: Denmark is an important agricultural exporter in the world, of which animal husbandry dominates Danish agriculture, and the output value accounts for about 3/4 of the total agricultural output value. The main purpose of developing cereal cultivation in Denmark is to serve the livestock industry. After more than 100 years of development, Denmark's pig and pork industry has become one of the pillar industries of the Danish national economy and one of the giants of the same industry in the world today.
Denmark is a country with a population of only 5.36 million, but its pork production is second only to China, the United States, Germany, Spain, France, Brazil and other large countries, ranking seventh in the world, while export volume is the first in the world, with strong competitiveness in the international market. Denmark has almost always been the world's largest pork exporter before.
As early as 1994, Denmark's pork exports exceeded 770,000 tons, surpassing the Netherlands in one fell swoop and becoming the world's largest pork exporter. The main target of Danish pork exports is EU countries, accounting for about 64%. 1/3 of pork is exported outside the EU. Denmark's pork production accounts for around 1.83% of the world's total production and 23% of the world's total pork exports.
Denmark is known as the "pork kingdom", specialized pig breeding is very developed, has always been one of the world's most important pork exporters. Scientific pig farming has a long tradition in Denmark. As early as 1886, the breeding of the long white pig began. After more than 100 years of breeding and improvement, it has become a world-famous lean pig breed.
The largest slaughtering cooperative in Denmark is DANISH CROWN, which accounts for 77.3% of Danish slaughter, it is also the largest slaughtering consortium in Europe, and the second largest slaughtering cooperative is SteveFf Houlberg, which accounts for 16.6% of Danish slaughter. Two cooperatives slaughter 94.0% of Denmark's pigs every year.
Danish pork exports are sold to different markets by body part, so that the best economic benefits can be achieved. For example, Japanese people like tenderloin, Americans like pork chops, Sweden is the main market for the back buttocks, Germans prefer sow pork, and pig trotters, ears, and tails are probably the delicacies on the table Chinese.
It is worth mentioning that Denmark has developed a computer-controlled feeding equipment, the principle is to install a chip on the pig's ear, control its daily quantitative, regular feeding, the pig's food trough is equipped with a scanner, there is an activity block before and after, only one pig can eat at a time, the computer controls the inflow of food, and the automatic recording after eating. If you enter the feeding tank to forage before the next feeding time, the computer switch will not start the feeding.
Denmark attaches great importance to environmental protection and strives to minimize pollution of all kinds. The proportion of cattle farming in Denmark is also considerable. Specialized cattle farmers in Denmark account for 56 per cent of the total, while dairy and beef cattle account for about 26 per cent and 18 per cent of livestock output respectively. Denmark produces about 112 million broilers a year. Other poultry products include turkey, duck and so on. The mink industry is a specialty industry in Denmark and has developed rapidly in recent years. There are about 3,000 mink farms in the country, and mink production accounts for about 40% of the world's mink production. The Fur Center in Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, is the world's largest raw hide auction and trading center, accounting for more than half of the world's trading volume. In addition, Denmark is the world's fishing power, accounting for 1/3 of the EU's fishing volume.
Geographical advantages of animal husbandry: Denmark is located at the outlet of the Baltic Sea to the North Sea in northern Europe, and is the hub of land transportation in Western Europe and Northern Europe, and is known as the "Bridge of Northwest Europe". The coastline of Denmark is 7314 km long. The terrain is low and flat, with an average altitude of about 30 meters, slightly higher in the middle of Jutland, and the highest point is 173 meters above sea level. There are many lakes and rivers in the territory, the longest river is the Guzen River, and the largest lake Ali Lake covers an area of 40.6 square kilometers. Denmark is characterized by a mild climate with a temperate oceanic broad-leaved forest climate with an annual precipitation of about 860 mm.
France (the largest agricultural producer in the European Union)
Global livestock status and evaluation: France is the largest agricultural producer in the European Union and a major exporter of agricultural and sideline products in the world. Grain production accounts for one-third of all food production in Europe, and agricultural exports rank second in the world after the United States. The total arable land area of the law is 54.919 million hectares, of which 61% is agricultural land, 27% is forestry land and 12% is non-agricultural land. 96% of agricultural land is family owned. The traditional regional structure of agriculture is: the central and northern regions are the main production areas of cereals, oilseeds, vegetables and sugar beets, the western and mountainous regions are the main production areas of forage crops, and the Mediterranean coast and southwest regions are the main production areas of perennial crops (grapes, fruits). Mechanization is the main means for the law to increase agricultural productivity, and the law has basically realized agricultural mechanization. The agri-food processing industry is one of the pillar industries for France to obtain a surplus in foreign trade exports. 24 of the top 100 agri-food industry groups in Europe are in France, and 7 of the world's top 100 agri-food industry groups are in France, and France's agricultural and sideline products exports rank first in the world, accounting for 11% of the world market.
France is the largest agricultural producer in the European Community, with milk, beef and poultry occupying the first place in the European Community, and pork, wheat, corn, oilseeds and wine occupying the second place. Livestock production is higher in most EC countries than in crop production. Historically, French animal husbandry once accounted for 54% of agricultural output. Pigs out of the pen 12.2 million, the rate of pigs out of the pen is 173.2% (the world 106.4%), 6 months of pigs out of the pen (the world 11 months), the weight of the pig carcass is 90 kg (71 kg of the world), the weight of the bovine carcass is 234 kg (the world 196 kg), the weight of the sheep carcass is 16 kg (the world is 14 kg), the pork once accounted for 32% of the meat (the world accounted for 38%), the proportion of beef once accounted for 32% of the meat (32.2% of the world) and so on.
France is the largest producer of agricultural products among the 15 countries of the European Union. The output value of animal husbandry accounts for more than 70% of the total agricultural output value. Animal foods such as meat, milk and eggs account for more than 50% of people's food composition, and meat is mainly beef, and milk is mainly milk. In addition to cattle raising, the livestock industry is also quite developed. The sheer scale of livestock production has made French agriculture a pivotal player in the European Union.
France is already at the forefront of the world in the application of livestock breeding technology. The first embryo transfer cow was born in 1979 and the first ET (Embryo Transfer) company in Europe was founded that year, selling 500,000 cow sperm and more than 10,000 cow embryos every year. France has a hyperovulation technique that allows each donor cow to produce embryos 4 times a year and up to 7 embryos. The success rate of fresh embryo transplantation is 60%, and the success rate of frozen embryo transplantation is 50%-55%, reaching the world's advanced level.
There is no fresh market in France, and livestock and poultry products are slaughtered, split and packaged into supermarkets. Among the various agricultural and animal husbandry production, processing, transportation and marketing industries, the integration of dairy and broiler production and sales is the highest. Animal husbandry in France already constitutes a complete industrial chain from breeding to table.
Geographical advantages of animal husbandry: France is located on the west coast of the mid-latitude continent, which is dominated by plains and low terrain. The French terrain favors warm and humid air flow from the Atlantic Ocean deep inland, bringing abundant precipitation to the areas along the way, thus forming a climate with a significant oceanic nature - temperate oceanic climate.
IX. United Kingdom (first among European Union countries in terms of mutton production)
Global livestock status and evaluation: The BRITISH livestock industry is characterized by a large scale of operation, intensive, professional and high degree of socialization. It is worth mentioning that the United Kingdom implements mechanized and automated operations. The British livestock industry also has the characteristics of high feed conversion rate, high individual livestock and poultry production, and short production cycle. Cattle industry is the most important livestock industry in the United Kingdom, and the output value of cattle industry accounts for more than half of the total output value of animal husbandry.
Another feature of british livestock is the large area of pasture. The quality of milk powder in the UK is excellent, which has won the trust of consumers in China and even the world. This is because the British animal husbandry industry is highly developed, and an important embodiment of the development of animal husbandry is the high level of mechanization and standardization of animal husbandry, so it can provide a steady stream of high-quality dairy products and meat products to the world market.
British animal husbandry is not only very developed, but also very important for the whole country, animal husbandry as an important industry of British agriculture, its output value accounts for about 2/3 of the total agricultural output value. This means that Britain's livestock industry accounts for more than half of the country's total agricultural output. In the animal husbandry industry, grassland animal husbandry is particularly prominent, its output value is several times higher than that of planting, and 80% of livestock products are converted from pasture. That's why there are meadows everywhere in the UK.
According to statistics, the pasture area of the United Kingdom is close to half of the total area of the country, the fodder planting area for animal husbandry accounts for half of the country's cultivated land, and a large area of cultivated land is used to grow forage, forage beets and forage turnips. High-quality natural pasture provides high-quality feed for cattle and sheep and other livestock, and with high-quality feed, there is a high-quality milk source, milk powder and various meat products.
The United Kingdom is also a highly urbanized country, the urban population accounts for more than 90% of the total population, and the agricultural population is very small, which determines that Britain's agriculture, including animal husbandry, must take the road of mechanized and intensive development. The high degree of urbanization not only improves the intensive and mechanized level of British animal husbandry, but also makes it easier to adopt standardized production and management measures than other countries, and then their livestock products are more secure in quality and easier to supervise in quality, and gradually won the favor of consumers around the world.
The UK's livestock and poultry processing plants integrate feeding, water supply, ventilation, manure cleaning, egg production, milking, slaughtering, processing, packaging in one, all of which implement mechanized and automated operations. As we all know, animal husbandry is an important industry in British agriculture, and the output value accounts for about 2/3 of the total agricultural output value. Grassland animal husbandry is very developed, its output value is 1 to 8 times higher than that of planting, and 80% of livestock products are converted from pasture.
The British livestock industry is characterized by small family farms, with a high degree of mechanization and intensification, high per capita productivity and convenient management. The Uk's pastures cover nearly half the country's total area, and the area of fodder cultivation for the livestock industry accounts for half of the country's arable land.
Livestock farming in the UK is dominated by raising cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry. Cattle farming is the most important livestock production in the UK. The Uk is the main producer of lamb in the European Community countries, and the output of mutton ranks first among the European Community countries.
85% of Scotland's land is high-quality grassland, with around 13,600 sheep farms, and sheep farming is the main agricultural activity in the highlands and mountains. The cattle industry also occupies a very important position, accounting for 1/4 of Scotland's agricultural product production. 99% of the grassland in Wales is family pasture, and sheep farming is a mainstay industry in Wales.
Geographical advantages of animal husbandry: The British oceanic temperate humid climate has a mild climate throughout the year, with an average annual rainfall of 1100mm. Winters are warm, summers are cool, and seasonal temperature differences vary little. The climate type is dominated by temperate oceanic climate, and the characteristics of temperate oceanic climate are: no severe cold in winter, no severe heat in summer, uniform precipitation throughout the year, no drought and flood disasters, suitable for pasture growth, suitable for the development of animal husbandry.
10. Bulgaria (the traditional agricultural and livestock country of the European Union)
Global livestock status and evaluation: Bulgaria is an important food producer and "fruit and vegetable garden" in Central Europe. It is located in the southeast of the Balkan Peninsula, across the Danube River from Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east, with a coastline of 378 kilometers. Once a big agricultural country and an exporter of agricultural products, after the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, due to the implementation of the extreme policy of "returning land and property to the original owner", agriculture was in a slump, 50% of the fertile land was deserted, and it became a net importer of agricultural products.
Bao medicinal and spice crops are famous all over the world, known as the "Rose State", and rose oil production ranks first in the world. Rose essential oil as a raw material for the manufacture of high-grade precious perfumes, the global annual output of less than 30 tons, known as "liquid gold". Paul "Damascus" rose is recognized in the world as the best oil rose variety.
Animal husbandry is more developed, and the main livestock products are milk, chicken and duck and other poultry meat, sheep and goat meat, pork and eggs. In terms of breeding scale, pigs, cows, sheep, horses, mules, donkeys and poultry are mainly raised. Beekeeping is a traditional industry in Bulgaria. The number of sheep in Bulgaria remains at the level of 10 million. 65% of sheep are owned by public farms and 35% are owned by private farms. In terms of the number of sheep per 100 hectares of agricultural land, Bulgaria is one of the top countries in the world (once reaching 164). For every 100 hectares of agricultural land, the number of sheep in the mountains is higher, and this indicator in the plains is gradually reduced to 90 to 100. In the total composition of animal husbandry, in terms of quantity, sheep farming is the first.
Bulgarian yogurt is world-famous, especially in Japan, where six out of ten types of yogurt are Bulgarian yogurt. As the earliest imported yogurt variety, Bulgarian yogurt is a well-deserved Japanese national yogurt.
Geographical advantages of animal husbandry: continental climate in the north and Mediterranean climate in the south. The southern part has a Mediterranean climate with warmer winters. Bulgaria average annual precipitation plain 450 mm, mountainous 1300 mm, so Bulgaria natural conditions are superior, VB to have mountains, hills, plains and other terrain, lakes, rivers, forest coverage rate of about 30%.