In 1965, the Kuomintang and the Communists held secret negotiations, the purpose of which was to get Chiang Kai-shek to return to the motherland, so as to achieve peaceful liberation, and let the US conspiracy to create "two Chinas" die in the cradle.
For the return, Chiang Kai-shek was also very happy at that time, but he put forward six conditions. Chairman Mao finally agreed to Chiang Kai-shek's conditions, so why did he not succeed in the end?
The United States intervened in Taiwan
In 1949, after Chiang Kai-shek's defeat and retreat, he was planning counter-offensive plans almost every day, and even cooperated closely with the United States, constantly obtaining materials from the United States, thus fantasizing about rework when the time came.
In 1950, the Korean War broke out, and the Chinese Volunteer Army to resist the United States and aid Korea. Chiang Kai-shek seemed to be an opportunity, after all, the founding of New China at that time was not long ago, and after so many years of war, the country was already in ruins.
Chiang Kai-shek believes that once he fails to send troops to resist us aggression and aid Korea, there will inevitably be turmoil in the country, and then it will be the time for him to send troops to counterattack.
Chiang Kai-shek paid close attention to the situation in the Korean War, but finally waited for the news of the victory of the volunteer army. Chiang Kai-shek's knowledge of his plan to counterattack was nothing more than an illusion.
After the end of the Korean War, the United States lost face in the international arena and the contradictions between China and the United States deepened. The US Seventh Fleet entered the Taiwan Strait, and the Taiwan issue became complicated. Out of common interests, the United States and Chiang Kai-shek have strengthened cooperation.
On December 2, 1954, Chiang Kai-shek signed the so-called "Mutual Defense Treaty" with the U.S. government, and the great cause of the reunification of the mainland became complicated. At that time, Chiang Kai-shek wanted the US military to directly enter, but the US side asked the "Taiwan Province" to make a request to the US side as a "country" in order to make the division famous.
Chiang Kai-shek said that Taiwan is a part of China's territory and can only apply for the United States to send troops in the name of the "Taiwan authorities." The two sides have reached an impasse, and the two sides have not had a very pleasant quarrel. In the end, the United States suggested that Chiang Kai-shek withdraw his troops from Kinmen, forming a situation of cross-strait independence, but Chiang Kai-shek did not agree to the US proposal.
In 1958, the Central Military Commission formulated a plan to shell Kinmen, and when he received the news of the shelling of Kinmen, Chiang Kai-shek said in a loud voice: "Good, good, good!" ”。 Chiang Kai-shek supported Chairman Mao's shelling of Kinmen, because then he had a reason to block the mouths of the Americans and continue to send troops to garrison Kinmen and thus not carry out the US withdrawal demands.
On October 6, Peng Dehuai, in his capacity as defense minister, issued a speech entitled "Letter to Compatriots in Taiwan," announcing that as long as there is no US military involved in escorting the shelling for 7 days, and after 7 days, it is announced that the suspension will continue, as long as there is no US warship involved, it will not fight.
On October 19, U.S. warships appeared in Kinmen waters to escort Nationalist transport ships. The PLA immediately carried out the fifth large-scale artillery bombardment, firing more than 8,800 shells. U.S. warships had to withdraw from Kinmen waters.
Chairman Mao's handwritten letter
In June 1956, Premier Zhou formally submitted a report at the meeting, in which the mainland was willing to engage in dialogue with Chiang Kai-shek to discuss the conditions and concrete measures for peaceful liberation, and issued a statement throughout the international community. As soon as the news spread, it immediately caused a lot of discussion among various countries.
In July 1956, Mao Zedong also wrote a handwritten letter, and then called in Zhang Shizhao. He was a prominent patriot and political activist who commissioned him to deliver letters to Hong Kong. Let Zhang Shizhao find a way to pass it on to Chiang Kai-shek.
Zhang Shizhao was commissioned by the CCP to find Cao Juren from Beijing to Hong Kong. Who is Cao Juren? He was a man of letters, and when he was a journalist, he interviewed the top brass of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and he had good personal relations with the top brass of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.
Cao Juren approached Chiang Ching-kuo, who told Chiang That the mainland hoped to reduce wars and achieve peaceful reunification, and wanted to achieve a third cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communists.
After Chiang Ching-kuo learned about the situation, and with his help, Cao Juren met Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang Kai-shek hurriedly opened the letter written by Chairman Mao, and Looking at the letter, Chiang Kai-shek had no expression on his face and pondered for a long time before he raised his head and said to Cao Juren: "You have worked hard!" ”。
In this letter, Chairman Mao invited Chiang Kai-shek to return to the mainland at any time to have a look, and put forward the initiative of the third cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Zhou Enlai summed up the contents of Chairman Mao's letter as "one program and four objectives." The main contents are:
One Program: Taiwan must be reunified with the People's Republic of China
Tetragrammes:
1. Except for the unification of diplomacy with the Central Committee, other personnel arrangements and military and political powers in Taiwan shall be managed by Chiang Kai-shek;
2. If Taiwan's economic construction funds are insufficient, the central government may allocate funds to subsidize them;
3. Taiwan's social reform will be slowed down and when the conditions are ripe, and chiang kai-shek's views will be respected and consultations will be held with representatives of the people from all walks of life in Taiwan;
Fourth, the Kuomintang and the Communists pledge not to sabotage each other's affairs in order to facilitate the resumption of cooperation between the two parties.
As Chiang Kai-shek grew older, his desire for his hometown became stronger and stronger, and Chiang Kai-shek was no exception. According to the recollections of people around Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang Kai-shek often looked in the direction of the mainland, which also proved Chiang Kai-shek's desire to return.
Further exchanges and intentions for cooperation
Chiang Kai-shek wrote a letter in response to Chairman Mao. Chiang Kai-shek wanted to know if he really wanted him to return or if there was some other conspiracy. Therefore, he sent Song Yishan to the mainland to inspect the possibility of the third Kuomintang-Communist cooperation in the name of visiting relatives. Learn about the real situation on the mainland and beijing's real intentions.
Zhou Enlai sent Li Weihan, director of the United Front Work Department, to receive him. Subsequently, Song Yishan wrote a letter to Chiang Kai-shek, but Chiang Kai-shek received a letter from Song Yishan and still did not believe in the possibility of cooperation.
It was not until 1965 that Li Zongren, then acting president of the Kuomintang, arrived at the Beijing airport with his wife, and Premier Zhou, He Long, and other state leaders and responsible persons of various democratic parties came to the airport to greet them.
The Communist Party attached great importance to Li Zongren's return to China, and even Chairman Mao personally hosted a banquet to entertain him.
However, the United States is still not dead set on interfering in China's internal affairs, and the United States has begun to support another puppet in Taiwan.
Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou reacted quickly, and Chairman Mao made public his views on supporting Chiang Kai-shek as the leader of the Taiwan region in the international arena.
When meeting with foreign guests, Chairman Mao was still very satisfied with Chiang Kai-shek's election as governor of Taiwan. Later, chiang kai-shek also made it clear in his speech at the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Kuomintang that he wanted to safeguard one China, and he opposed the position of splitting the motherland.
In 1965, Chairman Mao wrote another letter to Chiang Kai-shek, inviting him to return to the motherland again. When he learned that he really wanted him to return, he and his son Chiang Ching-kuo put forward six conditions after thinking about it. Its main contents are:
First, Chiang Kai-shek hoped to return to the mainland to continue as president of the Kuomintang and live in the country, in an unlimited location;
Second, Chiang Ching-kuo, as governor of Taiwan Province, may hand over part of the military and all diplomacy, and leave other matters to the reporting people themselves;
Third, Taiwan Province does not accept economic assistance other than that of the Central Committee, and if Taiwan needs it, the Central Committee must disburse it as needed;
Fourth, Taiwan's naval and air force was handed over to Beijing for command, and the army was reorganized into 4 divisions, 3 stationed on Chuo Play Island, and 1 division stationed in Kinmen and Xiamen;
Fifth, Kinmen and Xiamen merged into a free city, serving as a two-party détente zone, with mayors nominated by Taiwan, but only with Beijing's consent;
Sixth, the treatment of taiwan's current officials at all levels remains unchanged, and the people's living standards cannot be reduced.
After receiving the secret representative sent by Chiang Kai-shek in Beijing, Chairman Mao was also very pleased to accept these conditions and immediately replied to Chiang Kai-shek.
The collaboration came to an end
Around the Spring Festival in 1975, Chiang Kai-shek instructed Chen Lifu to find suitable channels and invite Chairman Mao or Premier Zhou to visit Taiwan to discuss the third cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.
But the plan can't keep up with the changes. At that time, the mainland was in a special period, and Chiang Kai-shek was afraid that he would be affected by returning at this time, so he finally decided to wait first.
On April 5, 1975, before Chairman Mao could visit, Chiang Kai-shek died, which also led to the suspension of peace talks. Unfortunately, however, chairman Mao died in 1976 when the Kuomintang and the Communists were unable to put the matter back on the agenda.
After Chiang Kai-shek's death, Chiang Ching-kuo became the number one in Taiwan, and he also adhered to the "one-China" principle. After he took office, he jointly promoted cross-strait reunification and saw that Taiwan was about to return. On January 13, 1988, Chiang Ching-kuo fell ill and was admitted to the hospital. Medical staff tried their best to rescue them, but Chiang Ching-kuo died.
Although Chiang Ching-kuo vigorously promoted cross-strait reunification before his death, in the end he handed over power to a pro-US faction, Lee Teng-hui, and this had to be pondered. To this day, the people on both sides of the strait have always been looking forward to the situation of cross-strait reunification, and I believe that Taiwan will soon return to the embrace of the motherland.