Du Fu, zimei, born in 712 AD, called himself "Shaoling Yelao", so he was also called "Du Shaoling", and the year he was born was exactly when Tang Xuanzong ascended the throne!
Du Fu was originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, and later moved to Gong County, Henan, Du Fu was a great realist poet, his poetic style was sad, and recorded the historical facts of the Tang Dynasty, so his poems were known as "poetry history", and he was revered as "poetry saint".
Du Fu Caotang
Although he and Li Bai lived in the same era, 11 years younger than Li Bai (Li Bai was born in 701 AD, the same age as Wang Wei), but the poetic style of the two was like clouds of mud, Li Bai was a romantic poet, his poetic style was full of pride and romance, and Du Fu was a pessimist, and in middle age he encountered the "Anshi Chaos", facing the destruction of the country and the death of the family and the dilemma of life, his works at this time made people cry!
Li Bai is the opposite, although they have all gone through the "Anshi Rebellion", the two were also captured alive by the rebels, but Li Bai, the "most cattle in history", is really strong, and three of the four marriages are the big bridesmaids of the Prime Minister's family, the wives take care of the relationship up and down, and Li Bai is safe and sound.
But Du Fu is different, and his happiness index with Li Bai is not comparable at all!
Although his grandfather Du Zhenyan (the article is first-class, saying that Su Wei will be angry when he reads his own article, Du Fu's literary talent is estimated to be inherited from his grandfather Du Zhenyan in the next generation), but in the grandson Du Fu's generation, the family fell in the middle of the road, and Du Fu's life was very miserable.
In June 756, due to Tang Xuanzong's self-destruction of the Great Wall, he listened to rumors and killed the Tongguan generals Gao Xianzhi and Feng Changqing, and others, an Shi rebels attacked Tongguan, the gateway to Chang'an, and Tang Xuanzong fled to Shuzhong.
An An has a talent for dancing
In August of the same year, Du Fu heard that Tang Suzong had ascended the throne in Lingwu, he went to defect to Tang Suzong, on the way was captured alive by the rebels, and was imprisoned in Chang'an with the great poet Wang Wei, fortunately Du Fu was low-key, dressed and dressed to be a cultural person (mostly because he really did not have money to buy clothes), and the rebels naturally did not attach so much importance to him, so he found an opportunity to escape from the rebels.
In April 757, Guo Ziyi's army marched to Chang'an, Du Fu risked his life to flee from xijinguang gate to Fengxiang, and in May of the same year, Du Fu was given the title of "ShiYi" by the newly enthroned Tang Suzong, so Du Fu was also called "Du Shiyi" by posterity!
At this time, Du Fu was 44 years old, although Du Fu became an official, but the official position was low, but he finally had a foothold.
From Beijing to Fengxian chanted five hundred words
But just a few days before he was captured by the rebels, Du Fu had just experienced the "old age and loss of his son" in the "Four Tragedies of Life", and his young son was starved to death (Du Fu's "Song of the Hut Broken by the Autumn Wind") mentioned in the "Cloth is cold as iron for many years, and Jiao'er is lying on the ground and cracking").
At this time, Du Fu had just entered the house and heard his wife crying bitterly, only to learn that his younger son had died, Du Fu wrote "Five Hundred Words from Beijing to Fengxian Yong huai", "Zhumen wine smells of flesh, the road has frozen bones" is one of the famous sentences!
Du Fu was still happy in the first half of his life, the second half of his life can be described as turbulent and displaced, the younger son was starved to death, he was captured alive, separated from several other children, he was very sad, but the days had to go on, fortunately, Tang Suzong took him in, and there was a little meager salary to be the greatest comfort.
But the good times did not last long, Du Fu was angry with the emperor because of the rescue of Fang Zhen (Tang Dynasty prime minister) incident, and was demoted to Huazhou, where Du Fu wrote poems to complain and once again angered Tang Suzong, almost losing that talented head.
The chancellor Zhang Hao (the benevolent brother who killed Lu Qiuxiao to avenge Wang Changling, Zhang Hao was the Tang Dynasty prime minister and envoy of Henan Jiedu) interceded for Du Fu with all his might, and Li Heng, emperor of Tang Suzong, ordered Du Fu to be sentenced: "Return to your hometown and never hire!" ”
Du Fu: "If you can save your life, Amitabha Buddha, thank you Zhang Ho for the life-saving grace of this living Buddha!" ”
Later, after the reconquest of Chang'an, Du Fu returned to Luoyang to visit his relatives, witnessed the tragic situation brought about by the war, and wrote a large number of poems worried about the country and the people, and the famous "Three Officials and Three Distinctions" was completed at that time!
In the summer of 759 AD, Du Fu came to Chengdu, and with the financial support of his friend Yan Wu and others, he built a grass hall on the bank of Huanhua Creek in the west of the city, also known as "Huanhuaxi Caotang", and was later recommended by Yan Wu to be his staff officer, so Du Fu was also known as "Du Gong Department"!
Later, Du Fu resigned for some reasons, no job, it is equivalent to cutting off the source of life, Du Fu lived extremely difficult, his grass hall was dilapidated, in the autumn of that year, he wrote "The Hut Is Broken by the Autumn Wind" to express his inner bitterness!
In 765, Du Fu's "Bole" Yan Wu died, Du Fu left Chengdu for Fengjie, and with the financial support of the governor Bai Maolin, Du Fu's life took a turn for the better! During this period, he wrote works such as "Ascending"!
The caotang that Du Fu built in Chengdu is the product of modern reconstruction!
Today, it seems that Caotang has quite a mood, but Du Fu's life was very tragic back then!
In 768, du Fu, who was old and amorous, missed his hometown, so he took a boat down the river, but at the end of the year he returned to Yueyang and spent most of his time on the boat.
In 769, at the age of 57, Du Fu went to Tanzhou, and the following year, that is, in 770 AD, Zang Jiu rebelled in Tanzhou, and Du Fu fled to Hengzhou again for refuge!
I have to say that although Du Fu's life was turbulent and impoverished, so that the children were starved to death alive but unable to return to heaven, he met many nobles, first Zhang Hao, the envoy of Henan Jiedu, then Bai Maolin, the governor of Fengjie, and Yan Wu and others.
However, after these nobles left him one after another, Du Fu was still poor, and Du Fu fled to Hengzhou, intending to go to Chenzhou, Hunan Province, to defect to his uncle.
Unexpectedly, just after coming to the boundary of Leiyang, it was the rainy season, and the river suddenly surged, and Du Fu could only stop and stop temporarily, which was five days.
Du Fu was shy in his pocket, and there was no food on the broken ship, and the only thing around him that was not lacking was water.
Du Fu lived like this for five days and five nights, and after arriving in the county seat of Leiyang County, the local county ling Nie Xian Ling happened to be a fan of Du Fu and admired Du Fu's talent very much.
He heard that the idol had come to his territory and happily sent du fu beef and liquor, who had been hungry for five days and was already hungry and weak, and when he saw the beef and wine, his eyes glowed green, and he devoured it!
No one expected that this meal would become Du Fu's last supper, although it was free, Lingyang County Ling did not expect that he would do bad things with good intentions and "kill" the idol in his heart!
The history books record that Du Fu was propped to death, but Du Fu was obviously hungry for five days, so why did he die?
The reason was: Du Fu was hungry for five days, and then suddenly overeating, the stomach and intestines could not withstand such a "blow" under extreme conditions, and soon, Du Fu died suddenly in a small boat that turned back to Tanzhou (originally to Chenzhou, but the river was a long way to soar, and could only turn back to Tanzhou), at the age of 58!
Starving brother
The history books record that Du Fu was propped up to death, but Guo Moruo raised an objection, believing that Du Fu died of food poisoning, and the reason he gave was:
When Du Fu arrived in Hunan, it was summer, the beef sent by the Lingyang County Order spoiled in a high temperature environment, the hungry Du Fu was hungry and did not choose to eat, so he ate spoiled beef, and drank a lot of liquor, under the joint destruction of rotten meat and alcohol, Du Fu could not stand even the iron body, at that time the medical conditions were not advanced, the rescue was not timely, Du Fu was therefore killed, so Guo Moruo proposed that Du Fu died of food poisoning!
In this way, Leiyang County Ling became a "murderer", for "although I did not kill Du Fu, du Fu died because of me", these two theories have been controversial, but in any case, Du Fu's life is indeed a tragedy!