Speaking of the CCP's intelligence protection system, people who know a little history will immediately think of the "Central Special Branch," a well-known early CCP secret service organization. Yes, as a peak in the history of the CCP's intelligence defense, the Central Special Branch is, in today's words, a god-like existence, which is not only a legend, but also the originator of the CCP's red intelligence protection system so far.
However, the CCP's idea of establishing an intelligence protection system and cultivating intelligence protection personnel actually goes back much earlier. And this is inseparable from Yang Yin, a famous leader in the early days of the CPC and a famous martyr.
Yang Yin, born in 1892 in Cuiheng Village, Xiangshan County (now Zhongshan), Guangdong, was a compatriot of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. In 1899, Yang Yin began to study private school. In 1903, he went to a neighboring village to learn martial arts and began his martial arts career. In 1904, Yang Yin studied at the Fengshan Academy in Xiangshan County, and was influenced by the revolutionaries at that time. In 1907, he was admitted to the Hong Kong English College. In 1910, Yang Yin transferred to the Sacred Heart Academy in Guangzhou.
The bloodline of the township education gene should be the same, the Yang Yin family is in the same village as Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and his cousin Yang Heling and cousin Yang Xinru are all loyal followers of Sun Yat-sen. Yang Yin was baptized by the revolution since he was a child. Shortly after the Battle of Huanghuagang in 1911, the 19-year-old Yang Yin joined the Chinese League under the command of Sun Mei (Sun Yat-sen's brother). He successively participated in the work of the Southern Branch of the League in Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Macao and other places, and secretly engaged in revolutionary liaison work such as transmitting intelligence and transporting weapons.
In 1914, yang Yin became famous among the revolutionaries by throwing a bomb at Zheng Rucheng, the commander of the Songhu garrison, and injuring him.
In September 1917, the Dharma Protection Movement broke out, and Yang Yin became an aide-de-camp of the Nationalist Military Guard corps established by Sun Yat-sen in Guangzhou and a staff officer of the Military Department of the Grand Marshal's Office.
In the first half of 1922, Yang Yin was introduced by Yang Zhangfu and Liang Furan, and Tan Pingshan took the oath and joined the Communist Party of China. At the end of the year, Yang Yin was sent by the party organization to the Soviet Union to visit and study. Since then, it has strengthened the faith of a CCP member.
In the later bloody storm, he was the main initiator and organizer of the famous provincial and Hong Kong general strike and one of the main leaders of the Guangzhou Uprising. After the death of Zhang Tailei, an important leader in the early days of the CPC, he served as acting chairman of the Guangzhou Municipal Soviet Government and director of the Military Department of the CPC Central Committee.
Martyr Yang Yin
As a pioneer of the Chinese workers' movement, Yang Yin, with his rich revolutionary experience and outstanding talents, initiated, participated in and led the provincial and Hong Kong strikes, became a famous workers' leader at that time, and was once known as "two superstars of workers and peasants" with Peng Pan.
However, soon after, in the list of the formation of the provincial and Hong Kong strike committees and other institutions, the leader of the CCP labor movement seemed to disappear, his name could not be found anywhere, and many people in the party even had a very vague impression of Yang Yin, and even Huang Ping, one of the leaders, said: "After returning to the province, I did not see Comrade Yang Yin's footprints in the strike movement, and I did not even mention him in the "Workers' Road". The main reason for this situation is that Yang Yin has entered the more secret CCP struggle against the enemy, and he must conceal himself in order to ensure that the liaison and defense work is not affected.
Of course, history will not be buried after all, and Yang Yin's contribution to the provincial and Hong Kong strikes is also indelible, according to many historical records, his contribution has been determined, and he has been called "the leader of the most famous Guangdong Province and Hong Kong strike in Chinese history".
One day in August 1925, Yang Yin's intelligence officers in the navy sent news that the right wing of the Kuomintang had gathered on the "Zhongshan Ship" for a meeting to secretly discuss the killing of Liao Zhongkai, Tan Pingshan and other leaders. Yang Yin had learned of this information in advance and quickly relayed the information to Liao Zhongkai and his wife, reminding them to strengthen their precautions. He Xiangning advised Liao Zhongkai to send more guards to guard against them, and Liao Zhongkai responded frankly: "Increasing the number of guards can only capture the assassins, and cannot stop them from committing crimes. "Speak in public every day as usual. On August 20, Liao Gong was unfortunately assassinated by gangsters. (The case was also an opportunity for Whampoa I student Chen Geng to show his talent as an intelligence guard.) At that time, Chen Geng, who had just graduated from the Whampoa Military Academy, assisted Zhou Enlai in investigating the scene and searching for the murderer, providing detailed materials for the detection of the case. In September 1926, the Central Committee sent Chen Geng and three others to the Soviet Union to study political defense work.
The assassination of Liao Gong was also a precursor to a split in relations between the Kuomintang and the Communists. The first leadership of the Nationalist government basically collapsed, and Sun Yat-sen's political will was already difficult to implement. The excellent situation of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party has been cast a shadow, and it is only a matter of time before the cooperation breaks down. It also allowed Chiang Kai-shek, who was wearing the veil of "leftist" at that time but actually on the right, to rise rapidly, and he took advantage of this opportunity to drive away the four "ministers of care" left by Sun Yat-sen, plus one dead, so his political status rose sharply, and the Soviet adviser Borotin also admired him.
After Liao Zhongkai was assassinated, the CCP began to pay more attention to security work and became alert to potential adversaries. Therefore, the Guangdong District Party Committee, with the assistance of the Comintern, opened a special agent training class, with a total of more than 20 trainees. Fu Lie and Yang Yin placed the trainees in Guangzhou, Dongguan, Shilong, and other places to collect intelligence. Yang Yin also took advantage of the opportunity of serving as an adviser to the Guangzhou Public Security Bureau to vigorously develop an intelligence network. In December 1925, the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China decided that Yang Yin would be in charge of intelligence work. Yang Yin has done a very good job in intelligence work, not only being good at "idle chess and cold tricks," but also paying attention to the "mediocrity and invisibility" of intelligence personnel, cultivating a number of hidden front talents for the early days of the CPC and becoming an important pioneer in intelligence defense work.
In December 1925, the Second Congress of the Kuomintang was about to be held, and the leaders of the CCP and the Kuomintang Left faction would attend. Yang Yin, who was in charge of security work, received information that reactionaries within the Kuomintang were trying to sabotage the congress by assassination. Yang Yin deliberately went to Foshan and other places to select 40 personnel proficient in martial arts to form a defense brigade and patrol closely to ensure the smooth convening of the conference.
Yang Yin's daughter Yang Ailan once recalled her father in an interview with reporters that Yang Yin participated in the Xinhai Revolution and had a wide range of people, whether it was the Left and Right factions of the Kuomintang, or the secret organizations in the underworld such as the Green Forest Good Han, the United Society, and the Zhigongtang (Hongmen), he knew people, which laid the foundation for him to carry out intelligence protection work later.
Ms. Yang Ailan, daughter of martyr Yang Yin
Li Shaotang was a young widow oppressed by feudalism and an ordinary female worker in Hong Kong. Inspired and trained by Yang Yin, she grew from an ordinary female worker to a revolutionary progressive, participated in the provincial and Hong Kong strikes, and later joined the CCP. Li Shaotang became an excellent secret traffic officer, often traveling between Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Macao, passing documents and transporting weapons; since the mailboxes of the church schools at that time were not inspected by the Kuomintang authorities, Li Shaotang used the mailboxes of his sister's church schools as a safe communication station, and the documents of the CPC Central Committee and the local party organizations in Guangdong were transferred to Yang Yin through this secret mailbox.
Yang Yin set up a number of secret traffic liaison stations in Guangzhou, and the traffic liaison stations established in Guangzhou were: Mailan Street, Jufan Street, Gaodi Street and Wende North Road. Among them, the Wing Lu Club, which was opened on Wende Road, specially received politicians and celebrities and gathered intelligence from them.
Today's Wheat Lane Street
Yang Yin trained a group of low-level people to become outstanding intelligence officers, such as Ouyang Feng, Li Shaotang, Zheng Quan, and so on. When Yang Yingang was in charge of intelligence work, he transferred Ouyang Feng, chairman of the Foshan Cake Industry Trade Union, to do intelligence work, and he carried homemade cakes every day to collect intelligence from Xiguan to the city (today's Zhongshan 5th and 6th Roads in Guangzhou).
Zheng Quan was a carpenter before joining the revolution, and under the cultivation of Yang Yin, Zheng Quan became an intelligence officer. He assisted Yang Yin in grasping the dynamics of the struggle during the provincial and Hong Kong general strikes and the Guangzhou uprising, and later entered the espionage section of the Guangzhou Garrison Headquarters to collect intelligence for the Chinese Communists and made important contributions.
He also took advantage of his position as an adviser to the Guangzhou Municipal Public Security Bureau to install a large number of eyeliner and secret intelligence personnel in the Guangzhou Municipal Public Security Bureau. For example, his cousin Yang Boming served as a member of the commission to cover for and provide intelligence to the CCP; his brother-in-law Rong Hanhui (a member of the Communist Party of China) was placed in the arrest team of the Public Security Bureau as a captain, playing a special role in protecting and rescuing revolutionary comrades and the Kuomintang leftists; sending CCP member Li Sheng as an intellectual to the Kuomintang Guangzhou Municipal Public Security Bureau as a special investigator, and through connections arranged him to work in the Espionage Section of the Kuomintang Guangzhou Garrison Headquarters After Li Sheng developed Chen Tian, a car driver who was the director of the Guangzhou Municipal Public Security Bureau, and Liang Nuan, the driver of the secretary general of the Public Security Bureau, joined the Chinese Communist Party and obtained a lot of important information.
Yang Yin also developed his family into a revolutionary family and carried out intelligence work. Yang Yin's wife Li Qingmei's dowry maid was adopted by Yang Yin as a righteous sister, and after getting married, she opened a chai rice shop on Xiaobei Road in Guangzhou, and undertook the work of doing traffic intelligence for Yang Yin, and on the eve of the Guangzhou uprising, Yang Yin stored weapons here. Yang Yin has a sister who lives in Yau Ma Tei, Hong Kong, and her brother-in-law, Cheung Ke Tak, is a Christian and a member of the Hong Kong Authority Guard. Yang Yin was close to this brother-in-law, and the organ of the Hong Kong branch of the Communist Party of China was located in the brother-in-law's house at that time. Yang Ailan, a daughter who is still studying, was also appointed as a secret traffic officer.
In order not to affect his family, Yang Yin entrusted his children to his relatives to take care of them. However, after the failure of the Guangzhou Uprising in 1927, Guangzhou and other places fell into the white terror, and the underground struggles of the CCP were also seriously affected. Yang Ailan was studying in Macao, often traveling back and forth between Macao and Guangzhou, in order to make the enemy lose his vigilance, Yang Yin had to think of letting his daughter Yang Ailan pass on information.
Yang Ailan recalled: "In order not to make me afraid, my father only told me every time that he was going to visit the door, and did not explicitly say that he wanted me to carry intelligence information. Before leaving, Yang Yin usually told her to follow her uncle in front of her, to keep a certain distance, and not to talk randomly on the way. The sentry personnel also never interrogated this little girl who came in and out, and Yang Ailan smoothly passed through the layers of checkpoints without arousing the suspicion of the enemy. Every time I went to Macau, my uncle would take her bag and say, "Alain will take your bag and let my uncle see how your grades are?" After returning to Guangzhou, there will also be uncles looking through her homework books, and Yang Ailan, as a child, accidentally saw her uncle smear some potions on her homework books and look at the words on them against the firelight, but at that time, she was still young and did not care. Later, Yang Ailan realized that his father and uncle were writing information with special potions in their homework books.
Network diagram, not physical
Ms. Yang Ailan recalled: "Yang Xinru, the elder of the League, was in his home on Powder Street (Guangzhou), where he had a lot of clothes, hats, beards and other things for my father's makeup. In order to protect Yang Yin's safety, the workers also specially made a compartment box for him to carry secret documents and weapons. The chest is now in the collection of the National Museum of China as a permanent historical memorial.
In April 1927, the Kuomintang reactionaries launched a counter-revolutionary coup d'état and frantically hunted down communists, and the Communists were forced to go underground. At that time, Rong Hanhui, who was lurking in the Guangzhou Municipal Public Security Bureau, had been promoted to the head of the espionage section, and Yang Yin began to use these lurking personnel, through which they grasped the trend of the Kuomintang police and constitutional organs to crack down and arrest THE CPC members, and promptly formulated protection and rescue plans.
At that time, the Kuomintang reactionaries colluded with the British government in Hong Kong to extradite the arrested CCP members and revolutionary masses in Hong Kong to Guangzhou for killing. Yang Yin's cousin Yang Boming was one of the members of the commission, and whenever someone was extradited, Bo Ming informed Yang Yin of the specific time and place in advance. Based on what he knew, Yang Yin formulated a good strategy that could save people without revealing his identity.
Liang Guihua martyr, sacrificed in the Guangzhou Uprising
Before the Guangzhou uprising, Liang Guihua, the secretary of the Hong Kong Working Committee, was secretly arrested by the Hong Kong authorities for being betrayed by traitors, and in prison, he was severely tortured and forced to confess by the enemy, and several ribs were broken, and he was still tight-lipped about the organization's secrets. Yang Yin learned that he would be extradited in a few days, and he had a plan, he borrowed a British Navy yacht through the descendants of The Chinese sir in Hong Kong, and when the ship holding Liang Guihua sailed to the Pearl River, with the cooperation of the seafarers, Yang Yin arranged a "hijacking" incident, "robbing" Liang Guihua and transferring him to Macau.
Later, the method of "hijacking a ship in the middle" was used repeatedly, saving many Communist Party members.
After the April 12 coup d'état in 1927, the CCP moved from open to underground activities, and the defense work was pushed to an unprecedented position. At this time, Yang Yin served as a member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Guangdong Provincial Committee, secretary of the Working Committee, and the leader of the military and anti-corruption committees of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, of which the duties of the purge committee included reconnaissance and intelligence protection.
In November 1927, Zhou Wenyong, a member of the Guangzhou Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China (whose deeds with his lover Chen Tiejun were once called "weddings on the execution ground" and became an example of the revolutionary concept of love for generations of young people) were arrested for the first time by the Kuomintang in organizing a strike movement and placed as key prisoners. It was Yang Yin who, after learning about it, quickly used his personnel developed in the public security department to draw up a rescue plan. He first asked an underground party member working in prison to hand over a handful of his incomparably spicy "wild mountain peppers" to Zhou Wenyong, and secretly explained that he could eat it, and zhou Wenyong blistered at the corners of his mouth after eating it, and his mouth and tongue were sore, and he could not speak. The caretaker reported that he had an infectious disease and took him to the hospital. The hospital's care was not as strict as the prison, and Yang Yin used his connections in the hospital to cooperate with Li Yuan, Shen Qing, Chen Tiejun and others to successfully rescue Zhou Wenyong. Soon after, after the failure of the Guangzhou Uprising, Zhou Wenyong, who had sneaked back to Guangzhou from Hong Kong, was betrayed by traitors and arrested at the same time as his lover Chen Tiejun. The last execution ground of their lives was used as their wedding venue, and faith and love were sublimated to the supreme state of the human spirit.
The group photo of Zhou Wenyong and Chen Tiejun in the courtroom is also the last posthumous photo
Due to the concealment of the work, Yang Yin specially built a sandwich wall in the firewood room of Zhongshan's home, which was convenient to hide at any time when encountering unexpected situations. In Yang Yin's home and his frequent stronghold, there are usually many costumes, hats, beards and other items, and when there is an emergency, they will climb the window in disguise and leave.
On the afternoon of August 24, 1927, at No. 1015, Xinzha Road, Xinzha Road, Shanghai (today, No. 12, Lane 613, Jingyuanli, Xinzha Road, Shanghai), the residence of Bai Xin, then secretary of the Central Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee, Yang Yin, then director of the Central Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee, director of the CPC Central Military Commission, and military minister of the JIANGSU Provincial CPC Committee, Peng Pan, then secretary of the Agricultural Committee of the CPC Central Committee, member of the Central Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee, and secretary of the Military Commission of Jiangsu Province, Yan Xianyi, then member of the Central Military Commission and secretary of the Jiangsu Provincial Military Commission. Xing Shizhen, then a member of the Wusong District Committee of the CPC and head of the Soldier Section of the Central Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee, and other important military leaders of the CPC at that time held a meeting here, but they were betrayed by traitors and arrested by a surprise attack on the patrol house in the concession. The seller is none other than the owner, Bai Xin. (Zhou Enlai also planned to attend the meeting, but due to the sudden encounter with important matters that needed to be dealt with, he was unable to attend on temporary leave and survived)
After Peng Pan, Yang Yin, and others were imprisoned, they knew that the murderer was more than ji, and they already had the determination to die, so they sent letters from prison to explain the aftermath, and Yang Yin once laughed: "ChaoWen Dao, it is possible to die at night." On August 30, four people were secretly shot and heroically sacrificed. Zhou Enlai personally wrote "Comrade Peng Yang Yan Xing Si Was Hunted and Killed by the Enemy", and his anger overflowed into words. The Central Special Branch then, through accurate intelligence and under the personal deployment of Zhou Enlai, assassinated the traitors at the doorstep of Fan Zhengbo, a senior Kuomintang official and senior agent.
Peng Pan and Yang Yin once wrote from a letter from prison: "Guansheng (Zhou Enlai's code name at that time) and the old and young in the family: I am irreparable when I am killed in vain. Zhang, Meng, and Meng all openly admitted and tried their best to expand publicity. The hill below them (i.e., "Qiu Ba", referring to the Kuomintang soldiers guarding and the people in the same prison) showed great sympathy. Especially Qiu and others, after listening to us, actually sighed and beat their chests. We are in good spirits here, brothers, do not be sad because of the sacrifice of brothers and so on. I hope to take care of my body. ”
On August 30, 1929, Yang Yin, Peng Pan, Yan Changyi, Xing Shizhen, and others were secretly killed by reactionary authorities in Longhua, Shanghai.
In July 1933, the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic decided to commemorate the 7 Red Army schools named after Yang Yin and Peng Pan.
Although Yang Yin and other martyrs were killed, the revolutionary flame they left behind and the bud of the CCP's hidden front blossomed deeply in the revolutionary struggle in the future, becoming an indispensable and important force in the success of the Chinese revolution.
The people's heroes are immortal!