On 23 April 2022, Mongolia reported urgently to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) that from 11 to 12 April, sheep and goat pox occurred on 1 farm in the country's provinces of Hentiy, Dornod and Sühbaatar, involving 2,747 sheep, of which 95 became ill and 13 died. In order to protect the safety of animal husbandry in the mainland and prevent the introduction of the epidemic, on April 29, the General Administration of Customs and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs jointly issued the Announcement on Preventing the Introduction of Mongolian Sheep Pox and Goat Pox into the Mainland (No. 38 [2022]).
Link directly: General Administration of Customs Announcement No. 38 [2022] of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs 丨 Announcement on Preventing the Introduction of Mongolian Sheep Pox and Goat Pox into the Mainland
What is this disease? What kind of harm will it cause? What measures will customs take to prevent the introduction of the disease? Now, please take a look at "sheep pox and goat pox" with you!
What is sheep pox
Sheep pox, also known as variola ovina or sheep flower, includes sheep pox (Sheep pox) and goat pox (Goat pox), which are acute, hot and contact infectious diseases of sheep and goats caused by sheep pox virus and goat pox virus of the genus Goat pox virus in the pox virus family, respectively. The mortality rate of the disease is very high, the mortality rate of lambs is even as high as 100%, pregnant ewes often miscarry, most sheep lose productivity after severe sheep pox, so that the sheep industry suffers huge losses.
The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) lists it as an animal disease that must be reported. In the newly revised "List of Quarantine Diseases of Imported Animals of the People's Republic of China" in 2020, it is still listed as a class of animal infectious diseases.
II. Etiology
Both sheep pox virus and goat pox virus are members of the genus Goat pox virus in the pox virus family, and are bibend dna viruses with cyst membranes, oval in shape, and their size is 115 nm× 194 nm. The virus is a pro-epithelial virus that is abundantly present in the skin, mucous membranes of sick sheep, papules, abscesses and scabs. Nasal mucosal secretions also contain viruses, and viruses are present in the blood at the beginning of the disease.
Virion model
Pox virus resistance to heat is not strong, 55 °C, 20 minutes or 37 °C, 24 hours can inactivate the virus; the virus is more resistant to cold and dry, lyophilized can be stored for at least 3 months; in the hair to maintain vitality for up to 2 months, in the open sheep pen up to 6 months.
III. Epidemiology
ð1/4 The incubation period of the disease averages 6 to 8 days. The Code of Terrestrial Animal Health published by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) sets the incubation period for sheep and goat pox at 21 days.
ð1/4 The disease is mainly through respiratory infections, and the virus can also invade the body through damaged skin or mucous membranes. Feeding managers, care utensils, fur products, feed, bedding and parasites can all be vectors of transmission.
Ð1/4 Sheep pox is widely prevalent in sheep-raising areas, spreading rapidly and with a high incidence. Sheep of different breeds, sexes and ages can be infected, but fine-haired sheep are more susceptible than coarse-haired sheep and lambs than adult sheep, and the disease is also more severe. Under natural conditions, sheeppox mainly infects sheep; goat pox can infect goats and sheep.
ð1/4 The disease is endemic in late winter and early spring. Factors such as severe climates, rain and snow, frost, dry grass and poor feeding management can all contribute to the onset and exacerbation of the disease.
IV. Characteristics of clinical symptoms and manifestations
1 Typical sheep pox:
It is divided into prodromal stage, acne stage, and crusting stage. At the beginning of the disease, the body temperature rises, reaching 41 to 42 °C, breathing is accelerated, the conjunctiva is flushed and swollen, and the mucus-purulent nasal juice is flowing. After 1 to 4 days, it enters the acne phase. Acne rash is more common in hairless or sparsely hairy parts, such as eyelids, lips, nose, armpits, tail roots and ram sheath, ewe labia, etc., first erythema, 1 to 2 days after the formation of papules, protruding skin surface, followed by the formation of blisters, at this time the body temperature slightly decreased, and then after 2 to 3 days, due to the accumulation of white blood cells, blisters become pustules, at this time the body temperature rises again, generally lasting 2 to 3 days. In the process of acne, if there is no secondary infection of other germs, the pustules gradually dry out after rupture, forming scabs, that is, the scab stage, and the scab is healed after the scab is shed.
2 Stubby sheep pox:
It is often benign. Usually without fever, the acne rash stops in the papule phase, appears induration, does not form blisters and pustules, commonly known as "stone pox".
3 Atypical sheep pox:
Constitutional symptoms are mild. Some pustules fuse to form large fusion pox (stinky pox); pustules with bloody blood pox (black pox); pustules with necrosis to form gangrene acne. Severely ill sheep often develop secondary pneumonia and enteritis, leading to sepsis or sepsis and death.
V Customs in action
With the globalization of trade in animals and their products and international people-to-people exchanges, the risk of sheep pox and goat pox importing from abroad is also increasing. In order to prevent the introduction of sheep pox and goat pox epidemics from the port, customs has taken the following measures:
1. It is strictly forbidden to directly or indirectly import sheep, goats and related products from sheep pox and goat pox epidemic areas.
2. Strengthen the quarantine inspection of goods sent from the epidemic area and the goods carried by passengers, and once it is found that sheep, goats and related products are sent or carried, they will be returned or destroyed.
3. On the means of transport such as ships, aircraft, road vehicles and railway trains, if sheep, goats and related products from the epidemic area are found, they shall be sealed, and during the stay or operation in the mainland, they shall not be unsealed and used without the permission of the customs. Its waste, swill, etc., shall be harmlessly treated under the supervision of the Customs and shall not be discarded without authorization.
4. Sheep, goats and related products from the epidemic area intercepted by border defense and other departments that have illegally entered the country shall be destroyed under the supervision of the Customs.
The above content is for reference only, please indicate the source "12360 Customs Hotline" when reprinting
Some of the images are from the web
Contributed by: Chongqing Customs
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