Foreword: At the end of the last century, the famous commentator Shan Tianfang launched his masterpiece "Ming Yinglie", which was empty of people for a time and became popular. In "Ming Yinglie", Shan Tianfang has been talking about jinling from going to Zhu Yuanzhang in Wuke to the capital Jinling, which can be described as wonderful. In the book, Chang Mao, the eldest son of Chang Yuchun, is known as "Mao Taiye", who uses a Yu Wang's hammer to fight invincible hands all over the world, and is the first fierce general for the founding of the country. After the founding of the people' republic, Chang Mao was crowned by Zhu Yuanzhang as the King of Xiaoyi Yong'an, which left a deep impression.
Although "Ming Yinglie" is wonderful, it is a novel review after all, and there is no comparison with the main history. However, Chang mao does have his own people, but in history, Chang Mao is not the "first fierce general of the founding of the country", because when Zhu Yuanzhang founded the country, Chang Mao was only 12 years old.
Chang Mao in history is a tragic figure, he is the eldest son of Chang Yuchun and the brother-in-law of the crown prince Zhu Biao. Zhu Yuanzhang had high hopes for Chang Mao and praised him for 20 years, but in the end, Chang Mao chose an extreme way to disappear.
In this article, the author will share with you chang Mao, the eldest son of Chang Yuchun, hoping to restore a special Duke of the early Ming Dynasty for everyone through historical data and analysis.
First, he county encountered a fierce tiger and opened a national Qigong
Speaking of Chang Mao, we must start with his father Chang Yuchun. Chang Yu Chun, Zi Bo Ren, Huai Yuan ren. Born in a farming family, he grew up physically strong and powerful.
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, bandits were rampant, and often encountered hopelessness in spring farming, so he defected to Liu Ju, a mountain thief in Hezhou, who became Liu Ju's confidant by relying on his bravery and courage. However, Liu Ju had no great ambitions, and only wanted to rob the house every day, and Chang Yuchun felt that this was not a long-term solution.
In the fifteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang attacked Chuzhou, and then Xiahe Prefecture, and gradually became a well-known rebel commander between Jianghuai and Huai. Chang Yuchun heard that Zhu Yuanzhang was going to pass through Hezhou, so he waited on the side of the road in advance. The Biography of Ming Shi Chang Yu Chun records:
Before he arrived, trapped in the field, the Dream God Man was called out by the armored shield: "Rise up, lord and king." "Astonishment, and Taizu is fit, that is, to greet and worship." It is also in April of the fifteenth year. No, please be a striker.
Chang Yuchun waited for a long time, and before Zhu Yuanzhang arrived, he fell asleep in the field. Suddenly, someone in the dream reminded him: "Hurry up, the Lord is coming!" Chang Yuchun jumped up, worshiped under Zhu Yuanzhang, and asked himself to be the vanguard.
Zhu Yuanzhang was startled by the strong man who suddenly jumped up in the field, and thought that Chang Yuchun was hungry and came to mix rice to eat, but at first he did not care. Unexpectedly, in the next battle of crossing the river, Zhu Yuanzhang led the team to charge, and could not attack for a long time. Suddenly, Chang Yuchun snatched a small boat and rushed to the forefront, he held a long go, jumped directly from the ship into the enemy position, killed all four sides, and the generals took advantage of Chang Yuchun's charge to finally defeat the enemy army. History:
"The enemy took over his go, jumped up on the momentum, shouted and jumped, and the Yuan army was invincible"
With this battle, Chang Yuchun gained the trust of Zhu Yuanzhang, and in the next five years, Chang Yuchun was unstoppable in the process of capturing southern Anhui and capturing Nanjing, and during the Battle of Longwan, Chang Yuchun led more than 10,000 people to break Chen Youyu, and since then, Chang Yuchun's status has risen sharply, and he has surpassed many Huaixi generals and become the "double bi" under Zhu Yuanzhang.
Zhu Yuanzhang once commented on Chang Yuchun:
When millions of people bravely ascend first, destroy the front, and are invincible, it is like the deputy general Yu Chunxin.
This means that among the many generals under Zhu Yuanzhang' command, if you charge into battle, no one can often meet the right side of spring. Chang Yuchun was the second most important figure after Xu Da in the process of Zhu Yuanzhang's destruction of the Han Dynasty, the destruction of Wu, and the Northern Expedition to the Yuan Dynasty. When Zhu Yuanzhang founded the country, because Xu Da and Chang Yuchun were still leading the Northern Expedition, they did not reward the meritorious heroes at the first time.
In the second year of Hongwu, Chang Yuchun died of illness in Liuhechuan on the way back from the Northern Expedition, zhu Yuanzhang cried bitterly after hearing the news, and took the crown prince Zhu Biao personally outside the city to greet Chang Yuchun's coffin, and posthumously crowned Chang Yuchun as the king of Kaiping.
In the following year (the third year of Hongwu), Zhu Yuanzhang was made a meritorious warrior, and was given the title of 6 dukes and 28 marquises, of which 6 dukes were Xu Da, Li Shanchang, Li Wenzhong, Feng Sheng, Deng Yu, and Chang Mao. Chang Mao, the eldest son of Chang Yu Chun.
When the Ming Dynasty was founded, Chang Mao was only 12 years old and had no military achievements to speak of. Now that he is made a duke, he is only 15 years old, and the reason why he can be listed as a duke alongside Xu Da and Li Shanchang is entirely due to the yuyin of Chang Yuchun.
In fact, the famous generals who died in battle under Zhu Yuanzhang were far more than Chang Yuchun, And Hu Dahai, Liao Yong'an, and Feng Guo all made great contributions to these generals who died in battle, but their sons were not given the title of duke, and only Chang Mao could inherit his father's merits and be ranked as dukes. This can also be seen that Zhu Yuanzhang is different from the Chang family.
There are two main reasons why Zhu Yuanzhang treated ChangMao so kindly:
First, Chang Yuchun's merits far exceeded those of other heroes except Xu Da, and the merits were too great.
Second, Zhu Yuanzhang should have begun to be knighted in the first year of Hongwu, but at that time, the Northern Expedition had not yet ended, and the merits of the generals were undecided, Zhu Yuanzhang originally wanted to reward Chang Yuchun after the end of the Northern Expedition, but he did not expect that Chang Yuchun died of illness in the second year of Hongwu. Therefore, Hongwu's three-year zhu Yuanzhang was made duke, in fact, he supplied Chang Yuchun with a knighthood. Because Chang Yuchun died of illness, he was inherited by his eldest son Chang Mao.
Because of this, Chang Mao became the most special of the six founding dukes. The youngest and had no military achievements, but in the court shift, Chang Mao was able to stand in front of tang he, Liao Yongzhong and other marquises.
Second, Taizu holds the young general, the future Crown Prince
In fact, Zhu Yuanzhang made Chang Mao a duke, in addition to the above two major reasons, there was another factor, that is, for the future consideration of the crown prince Zhu Biao.
When Chang Yuchun defected to Zhu Yuanzhang in Hezhou, he was already married, and his wife Lan Shi was the sister of the famous general Lan Yu. According to the "Records of the Concubine Chang clan of the Eastern Palace":
On the basis of righteous soldiers to conquer the world, King Zhongwu of Kaiping often met Chunshi as the founding father of the country, and the female Yue, in the same year as the Crown Emperor, swaddled himself, that is, the covenant of good marriage.
This means that Zhu Yuanzhang's wife Ma Shi and Chang Yuchun's wife Lan Shi gave birth at the same time in the hezhou Chen Di family, and Ma gave birth to Zhu Yuanzhang's eldest son Zhu Biao, and Lan gave birth to Chang Shi, the eldest daughter of Chang YuChun. When the two children were still in their infancy, the Zhu and Chang families set up a doll kiss.
In other words, when Zhu Yuanzhang,13-year-old eldest son Zhu Biao was crown prince in the first year of Hongwu, the 13-year-old Chang clan had already defaulted to the first crown princess of the Ming Dynasty. However, at that time, the two children were still young and did not get married. It was not until, in the fourth year of Hongwu, that the Chang clan officially married into the Eastern Palace and became the eldest daughter-in-law of Zhu Yuanzhang.
In this way, Chang Mao became Zhu Biao's brother-in-law. In order to let Zhu Biao have a foreign relative to rely on in the future, although Chang Yuchun died, Zhu Yuanzhang still had to hold Chang Mao up.
However, Zhu Yuanzhang also left room, for example, at that time, Xu Da, the Duke of Wei, was five thousand stones and feng taifu, while Chang Mao's feng lu was only two thousand stones, and he did not concurrently serve as the "third division" and "three youngsters". Zhu Yuanzhang is to see Changmao young, there are still many opportunities for meritorious service in the future, in order to avoid the reward is not rewarded, so leave some space for Changmao.
Chang Yuchun had three sons and a daughter, Crown Princess Chang was the eldest sister, Chang Mao was the eldest son, and there were two younger brothers, Chang Sheng and Chang Sen. As the eldest son in the family, Chang Mao inherited his father's merits and naturally had to support the family. About five years after Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang married Chang Mao, whose wife was the eldest daughter of Feng Sheng, the Duke of Song. It should be noted that Feng Sheng had no sons and only two daughters, the eldest daughter Xu was mated to Chang Mao, and the second daughter Xu was mated to Zhu Yuanzhang's fifth son, Zhu Xu.
Since Zhu Xi was a prince, Feng Sheng could not count on it, so Chang Mao was undoubtedly the person Feng Sheng was most willing to bring.
Thus, this was the case for Chang Mao in the early years of the Ming Dynasty: his father was the late King Chang Yuchun of Kaiping, his father-in-law was Feng Sheng, the Duke of Song, who himself was given the title of Duke of Zheng and had an iron coupon to avoid death; the crown prince was his brother-in-law, and Zhu Xu, the King of Wu, was his brother-in-law; in addition, Lan Yu, a famous northern general who shined in the middle and late Hongwu period, was his uncle. The so-called word "Xun Gui" is nothing more than Chang Mao.
It is precisely because Chang Mao has a noble identity and a strong backstage, which leads to his arrogance, the Biography of Ming Shi Chang Mao records:
Mao Yi met Chun Gong, sealed Zheng Guogong, ate two thousand stones, gave the world coupons, and was arrogant and unaccustomed.
This means that Chang Mao, as a martial artist, did not actively practice military affairs, but became increasingly arrogant in the nest of wealth and wealth.
At first, Zhu Yuanzhang took great care of Changmao and promoted Changmao many times, but the effect was not good. For example, according to the Records of the Tributes of the State Dynasty, in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, Chang Mao followed Feng Sheng and Fu Youde on the Northern Expedition, but did not make any contributions. At the time of Tang and Shu, Chang Mao was also involved, but there is no record of his meritorious service.
The only record of Chang Mao's meritorious service in the history books occurs in the fifteenth year of Hongwu, the Records of the Tribute of the State Dynasty:
In the spring of the fifteenth year, the generals were dispatched to Jianchang, Yijiang, Lin'an, Yuanjiang, Xundian, Chuxiong, Erhai and other places, the Du Dali chieftain Duan Shi held the ancient city of Nanzhao Piluoge, disobeyed the British orders, Chang Mao detoured from the middle road to Cangshan, climbed the cliff edge of the tree, according to its peak, the tree was in chaos, Ying Nai cut through the pass and entered the city, capturing the world...
This means that in the fifteenth year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang sent Mu Ying to run Yunnan, and Mu Ying successively conquered the counties and counties of Yunnan, but the Dali Tu chieftain Duan Shi stuck in the ancient city of Piluoge, making Mu Ying very difficult to deal with. As a result, Mu Ying sent Chang Mao to detour from the mountain trail to Diancang Mountain, climb the cliff to the top of the mountain, and erect the ming dynasty flag on the top of the mountain. The enemy army was suddenly in chaos, and Mu Ying captured the city.
From this record, it can be seen that Chang Mao still has courage and insight, but this can only show his lonely courage, and does not indicate the level of his specific troops.
As one of the founding six dukes of the Ming Dynasty, Chang Mao had only one credit for climbing a cliff and planting a flag during the Hongwu years. Compared with other Wuxun, Chang Mao was indeed a bit indisputable.
It is said that the father of the tiger has no dog, in fact, Chang Mao may have the courage of his father, but unfortunately, many years of wealth have made him forget that he is a martial artist.
Despite this, Zhu Yuanzhang still held Changmao, and although he would reprimand Changmao privately, he still gave Face to Changmao every time he was in the Great Dynasty.
As everyone knows, when Chang mao was indulging in wealth, the second generation of "general stars" of the Ming Dynasty grew up one after another, such as Xu Huizu, son of Xu Da, Li Jinglong, son of Li Wenzhong, and Deng Ming, son of Deng Yu. As the son of Chang Yuchun and the son-in-law of Feng Sheng, Chang Mao did not advance.
In fact, Chang Mao sat on his own title, and as long as he did not cause trouble, Zhu Yuanzhang would still treat Chang Mao kindly on the face of Chang Yuchun, Feng Sheng, and Zhu Biao. However, next, Chang Mao got into trouble.
Third, the general drew his sword in anger, and Weng's son-in-law turned his eyes back
In the first month of the twelfth year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang heard that the Northern Yuan Tai wei Naha had appeared in the south of the desert and planned to send troops to the northern expedition. At that time, Xu Da had already died, and Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Feng Sheng to be the general, Fu Youde and Lan Yu to be the deputy generals, Zhao Yong, Wang Bi, Guo Ying, and other generals, and sent 200,000 troops to the Northern Expedition, and Zheng Guogong Changmao went with the army.
At that time, in addition to Chang Mao, only Feng Sheng (Duke of Song) and Fu Youde (Duke of Yingguo) were dukes, and Lan Yu was only the Marquis of Yongchang. In this way, Chang Mao was very embarrassed in the army, he had a high rank, but his position was lower than that of these military generals. The Records of the Tributes of the State Dynasty records:
All of the Marquis of Maonian must have a partial appointment under him, and he must not be partial to his position. Yi Yi was not happy, and most of them were not bound by the Duke of Song.
Chang Mao felt that all the marquises were under him, but they were more important. I was left out in the cold, so I couldn't bear it. The Biography of Ming Shi Changmao also records:
Mao duo does not follow the constraints of victory, and the number of victories is condemned. Mao Ying is slow, victorious and angry, and has not been able to send hair.
Feng Sheng, as Chang Mao's father-in-law, repeatedly criticized Chang Mao as an elder. As a duke, Chang Mao felt very faceless, so his opinion of Feng Sheng was getting bigger and bigger, and Feng Shengyue felt that this son-in-law could not help him, and his heart was also on fire.
The battle between Feng Sheng and Naha was very difficult at first, but later Feng Sheng won a big victory at liaohe and gradually gained the upper hand. Before leaving, Zhu Yuanzhang had a will, and if he could summon Naha, it would be a great achievement. Therefore, Feng Sheng sent the Yuan Dynasty general Nai Thorn Wu to persuade Naha out, and After repeated consideration, Naha out decided to surrender, but Feng Sheng waited for half a month, and Naha out still did not come to surrender. Feng Sheng was furious and sent Lanyu to attack Naha out in a long-distance attack, and Naha out suffered heavy losses and finally decided to surrender to Lan Yu.
At that time, Blue Jade was in front with a group of pioneers, Naha out surrendered directly to Blue Jade, and Chang Mao was also under the command of his uncle Blue Jade. After Naha arrived at Blue Jade's tent, Blue Jade took Chang Mao and others to a banquet for Naha out, and the Ming Chronicle records that:
Very happy, Naha drank wine to reward jade, and jade undressed to clothe, saying: "Please take this and drink later." Naha refused to obey, and Yu also held the wine and did not drink. Fight for a long time...
Meaning, the atmosphere of the banquet is very cheerful, during the banquet, Naha gives a toast to Sapphire, and In order to express his enthusiasm, Sapphire takes off his shirt and gives it to Naha, so that Naha can put it on. Perhaps due to their different cultural backgrounds, Naha refused to wear Sapphire's shirt, and Sapphire used this as an excuse not to drink Naha's toast, and the two were deadlocked.
At this time, Nahad and a Mongol general next to him whispered in "Hu language" what to do. Suddenly, Chang Mao suddenly pulled out his knife to cut Naha out, and Naha was shocked and fled on horseback. Chang Mao chased after him and slashed Naha's arm.
The banquet was in full swing, so why did Chang Mao suddenly want to cut Naha out?
"The End of the Ming Chronicle" Yun:
When he was about to leave, When Zheng Guogong Chang Mao was present, his subordinate Zhao Commander, Xie Huyu, to tell Mao, Mao Zhi forward to fight, Naha was horrified, got up on his horse, Mao drew his sword and cut it, the wounded arm could not go, geng Zhong won with the crowd.
This means that changmao has a general surnamed Zhao who understands the "Hu language", and when he hears that Naha is discussing escape with his subordinates, he tells Changmao, so Changmao draws his sword and strikes first. (Naha later surrendered to the Ming Dynasty, proving that he did not say that he wanted to flee at that time, and that Chang Mao's subordinates should have misheard it.) ）
Chang Mao's blow, the consequences are very serious, "Ming History" Yun:
Naha's wife, General Fan, was more than 100,000 soldiers, and in the north of the Songhua River, Wen Naha was injured and was shocked.
For Feng Sheng, recruiting more than 100,000 soldiers and horses from Naha is a great credit. Now that this merit had been slashed by Chang Mao, Feng Sheng was furious. Coupled with the fact that Feng Sheng originally had a contradiction with Chang Mao, this time, Weng and his son-in-law completely turned their faces.
Fourth, the grandfather is anxious to get out of the shell, and the Chang family still has a queen
Weng's son-in-law quarreled, and the smoke in the barracks was miasma. Feng Sheng, in a fit of rage, informed Zhu Yuanzhang of Chang Mao's evil deeds, saying that Chang Mao had ruined military and state affairs. Chang Mao also wrote a note to Feng Sheng, saying that Feng Sheng was oppressive according to the situation, and exposed all the illegal things that Feng Sheng had done in the army for so many years, "Ming Shi Chang Mao Biography" Yun:
Victorious and angry, he added his form, played Mao's radical change, and then tied the weapon to Beijing. Mao also said that it is better than all wrongdoing.
Zhu Yuanzhang also led soldiers, the two armies fought, the commander and son-in-law in front of the quarrel, is simply a big joke. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang first did not ask whether it was right or wrong, each played fifty big boards, deprived Feng Sheng of his military power, let Lan Yu temporarily command, and recalled Chang Mao to the capital.
Note that Feng Sheng was reinstated as an official after returning from the Northern Expedition, indicating that Zhu Yuanzhang had already determined that Chang Mao was at fault. However, Zhu Yuanzhang still did not severely punish Chang Mao, but only placed him in Longzhou, Guangxi. Zhu Yuanzhang's original intention may have been to hone Chang Mao's temperament. In the depths of Zhu Yuanzhang's heart, he always regarded Chang Mao as a nephew.
Unexpectedly, in Longzhou, Chang Mao caused another incident, and the Biography of Ming Shi Chang Mao records:
At the beginning, the Longzhou tuguan Zhao Tiejian died and attacked from Zizong Shou. Tiejian's wife Huang takes her beloved daughter Yu Mao as her younger wife, and is good at state affairs...
This passage is relatively long, and I have omitted some of it, which probably means that after Changmao arrived in Longzhou, the local local magistrate of Longzhou (similar to a chieftain, with an army) Zhao Tiejian died, and his position was inherited by his nephew Zhao Zongshou. Zhao Tiejian's wife Huang Shi and nephew competed for power, and she valued Chang Mao's power, so she gave her daughter Zhao Shi to Chang Mao as a concubine, hoping that Chang Mao could help her. After Chang Mao took Zhao Shi as a concubine, he suppressed Zhao Zongshou everywhere, and as a result, he forced Zhao Zongshou to rebel.
This incident occurred at the end of The Twenty-third Year of Hongwu, coincidentally, in this year, the Korean Gong Li Shanchang was found to have been involved in Hu Weiyong's conspiracy, Zhu Yuanzhang beheaded Li Shanchang, and Chang Mao had been a student of Li Shanchang, he and Li Shanchang had a good relationship, Zhu Yuanzhang had planned to summon Chang Mao back to Beijing to review Chang Mao, and as a result, he received the news that Zhao Zongshou was forced to rebel.
The Naha incident, the Li Shanchang case and zhao Zongshou's affairs added together, and Chang Mao's affairs were a bit big. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang decided to summon Chang Mao back to Beijing, and he had a good "chat" with Chang Mao. However, just when Zhu Yuanzhang sent someone to Longzhou to invite Chang Mao, Chang Mao suddenly fell ill and died, only 35 years old.
Chang Mao died in the spring of the twenty-fourth year of Hongwu, and his death made Zhu Yuanzhang regret it. Because Chang Mao was childless, Zhu Yuanzhang made Chang Mao's younger brother Chang Sheng a duke and changed the title of Duke of Zheng to the founding duke. However, zhu Yuanzhang then received news that Chang Mao was not actually dead, and that he was afraid that the imperial court would blame him, so he fraudulently died, in fact, he himself was still hiding in the Huang army.
This nature is completely different, Zhu Yuanzhang has praised Changmao for more than 20 years, if Changmao cheats to deceive Zhu Yuanzhang, then Zhu Yuanzhang will never accept it.
Zhu Yuanzhang quickly sent Yang Wen and Han Guan to Longzhou to attack Zhao Zongshou and check on Chang Mao's situation. Ming Shi Yun:
Emperor Fu ordered Xianmao to redeem himself, and ordered Yang Wen and Han Guan to go out to attack Longzhou. He has died.
After Yang Wen and Han Guan arrived in Longzhou, they found that Chang Mao was indeed dead, and Zhao Zongshou later surrendered, and Zhu Yuanzhang put his mind at ease.
So, is Chang Mao really dead? You know, the weather in the south is hot, from Zhu Yuanzhang to get the news that Chang Mao is dead, to send Yang Wen, Han Guan to Longzhou, this will take at least three months, then, three months have passed, how to verify that the body is Chang Mao? Will it be deceitful? Sure enough, in the Records of the Sacrifice of the Dynasty, there is another version of the record:
...... Mao Wenzhi and Fu Poisoning. Or Yunlong Prefecture Shou Hidden. He is not dead and deceived, poor and poor. And send a large army to follow. And the pawn must not be traced, or Yun Ding is dead.
This means that after Chang Mao forced Zhao Zongshou to rebel, he took poison and died in fear of sin. Someone denounced Chang Mao as a fraudulent death, zhu Yuanzhang was furious, and sent Yang Wen and Han Guan to Longzhou to frantically search for Chang Mao, but Yang and Han did not find Chang Mao's footprints, and they thought that Chang Mao must be dead.
According to this statement, Yang Wen and Han Guan did not see Chang Mao's body at all, but only speculated that Chang Mao was dead.
So, is Chang Mao a fraudulent death? "Gongcheng County Chronicle" gives us the answer, Chang Mao is a fraudulent death.
According to the "Gongcheng County Chronicle", Chang Mao did not die in the twenty-third year of Hongwu, but died in the eighteenth year of Yongle, and after he deceived Zhu Yuanzhang by deception, he lived in Gongcheng County, Guilin, and gave birth to 4 sons.
The record of "Gongcheng County" has a realistic basis, because there is a Changjia village in Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which is the gathering place of the Chang clan, and the villagers all claim to be descendants of Chang Mao, and their family trees are also recorded as such.
Note that when Zhu Yuanzhang learned of Chang Mao's death, Chang Mao did not have a son. If the people of Changjia Village are really the descendants of Changmao, then it is enough to show that Changmao is indeed a fraudulent death.
Based on this evidence, it can be seen that changmao's fraudulent death that year was extremely likely. As the eldest son of Chang Yuchun, why did Chang Mao choose this extreme way to deceive Zhu Yuanzhang?
The author believes that there may be the following three factors:
First, Chang Mao was a duke, but he could not be reused, and he already had complaints about Zhu Yuanzhang. In addition, he cut Naha out with a knife, which ruined Zhu Yuanzhang's Northern Expedition plan, and he knew that he would not be able to escape the crime, so he did not dare to face it.
Second, Chang Mao took a concubine in Longzhou and forced Zhao Zongshou to rebel, and he knew that with Zhu Yuanzhang's temper, he would not spare himself easily.
Third, when the Li Shanchang case broke out, Chang Mao and Li Shanchang had an old relationship, and he may have an affair with Li Shanchang's case and was afraid.
Under the blessing of the above three factors, Chang Mao finally thought of the golden cicada's plan to shed its shell. After his death, he fled with his concubine to Gongcheng, Guilin, and officially became a secluded man.
Master Koichi has four aphorisms that I have always liked:
Spiegel stops the water to clear the heart, Taishan Qiao Yue stands up, the blue sky and the white sun respond to things, and the Moonlight and the wind treat people.
These four sentences to describe Chang Yu Chun is not a violation of peace, the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Chang Yu Chun is a man who stands tall in the sky, his loyalty, courage, boldness and purity, are impeccable. However, his eldest son, Chang Mao, did not act in a dignified manner, and it was a great pity that he was far from his father in character and ability.