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Recently, several countries have reported unexplained cases of acute hepatitis in children, which has aroused widespread concern.
According to CCTV news, on May 12, Indonesia found a total of 21 cases of suspected unexplained acute hepatitis, and 3 people have died; on May 11, South Korea reported the first suspected case of unexplained childhood acute hepatitis; Sweden reported on the 10th that as of now there have been 9 cases of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in Sweden; on the same day, the Children's Hospital in Toronto, Canada, said that the hospital has 7 cases of severe acute hepatitis of unknown cause.
Previously, the World Health Organization said that as of May 1, 20 countries had reported at least 228 cases of hepatitis in children of unknown etiology to WHO.
At present, it is not clear what causes acute hepatitis in unexplained children, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said on May 6 that it is investigating cases of unexplained hepatitis in children in the United States. The British Health Security Agency issued a communiqué on the 6th, saying that the investigation continued to show that some cases were related to adenovirus. The association of hepatitis in children with unknown etiology and adenovirus is still under investigation.
According to the news of Japan's Asahi Television on the 12th, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare held an expert meeting on the same day, and some scholars pointed out at the meeting that the case of hepatitis in children of unknown etiology may be related to the Aomi Kerong strain.
Indonesia has detected 21 suspected cases of unexplained acute hepatitis and 3 people have died
On May 12, Ahmed Riza Patriya, deputy governor of Indonesia's Jakarta province, said that the local government had recorded 21 cases of unexplained acute hepatitis, of which 14 patients were children under the age of 16. "Of the 21 cases, 3 have already died," he said. ”
It is understood that none of the 21 suspected cases of unexplained acute hepatitis found in Indonesia have a history of travel abroad.
South Korea reported the first suspected case of acute hepatitis in children of unknown cause
South Korea's Central Epidemic Prevention Countermeasures Headquarters said on the 10th that South Korea reported a suspected case of acute hepatitis in children of unknown cause on the 1st of this month.
Since the UK first reported a case of unexplained acute hepatitis in children on 4 April this year, as of 4 May, a total of 237 cases, including 3 deaths, have been confirmed in 19 countries around the world.
It is understood that most of the confirmed cases are adolescents aged 1 to 16 years old, most of whom suffer from severe acute hepatitis after developing symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting, and have symptoms such as surge in transaminases and jaundice. This acute hepatitis does not belong to any type A to E viral hepatitis.
South Korea's epidemic prevention department has been monitoring adolescent patients under the age of 16 who have sought medical treatment for acute hepatitis since May, and a suspected case was reported on the 1st of this month.
Sweden has reported 9 cases of hepatitis in children of unknown etiology
The Swedish Public Health Agency said on the 10th that as of now there have been 9 cases of acute hepatitis in children of unknown etiology in Sweden, and the swedish public health agency urged medical staff to be vigilant against such suspected cases.
A press release issued by the Public Health Department on the same day said it was a rare disease and the cause of infection in these 9 cases was not yet known. In addition to yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), reported cases sometimes present with symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, pallor and nausea. The cases emerged between November last year and April this year.
"Known infections that can cause inflammation of the liver have been ruled out. There are other causes that need to be ruled out, such as poisoning, autoimmune diseases or congenital diseases," Anders Lindeblum, a national epidemiologist at the Public Health Service, told local media, "and all known infections that cause hepatitis should be ruled out." ”
The Swedish Public Health Service has reported these cases of hepatitis in children of unknown etiology to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, while urging healthcare workers in the country to be vigilant in reporting suspected cases of acute hepatitis in children.
Seven cases of severe acute hepatitis have been identified at Children's Hospital in Toronto, Canada
On the 10th local time, the Children's Hospital in Toronto, Canada, said that the hospital has 7 cases of unexplained severe acute hepatitis. The hospital said the cases were "of unknown origin".
As of 1 May, 20 countries have reported at least 200 cases of acute hepatitis in children of unknown etiology to WHO. Patients are between 1 month and 16 years of age.
Toronto Children's Hospital said it remains to be seen whether one of the cases can be confirmed to be caused by a new clinical entity.
Japanese scholars say that the unknown cause of childhood hepatitis may be related to the Omikejun strain
According to the news of Japan's Asahi Television on the 12th, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare held an expert meeting on the same day, and some scholars pointed out at the meeting that the case of hepatitis in children of unknown etiology may be related to the Aomi Kerong strain.
Globally, 321 cases of hepatitis of unknown etiology have been confirmed, and 7 cases have been reported in Japan. For privacy reasons, the Japanese government did not disclose the exact age, location and gender of the patients. Kyoto University professor Hiroshi Nishiura pointed out that in the countries where there are cases of hepatitis in children of unknown etiology, there are relatively many people infected with the Omilton strain, and this hepatitis may be related to the epidemic of the Omilton strain, and the relationship between the two should be strengthened in the future.
National Health Commission: At present, no cases of acute hepatitis of unknown cause have been found in the mainland
For the situation of acute hepatitis in children of unknown cause in the mainland, on May 7, the National Health Commission introduced: At present, no relevant cases have been found in the mainland, and health administrative departments and medical institutions at all levels are paying close attention to and continuously monitoring the relevant situation.
The National Health Commission reminds that the common characteristics of children with this acute hepatitis are:
(1) Age 1 month - 16 years old, mostly under 10 years old;
(2) Jaundice, nausea, abdominal pain, fatigue, drowsiness and gastrointestinal symptoms (including diarrhea and vomiting) appear, and most children have no fever;
(3) Laboratory liver biochemical examination transaminases (AST or ALT) are significantly elevated.
If the child shows the above symptoms, parents should be vigilant and go to the hospital in time.
Answers to questions about acute hepatitis in children of unknown origin
Recently, several countries have reported unexplained cases of acute hepatitis in children, which has aroused widespread concern. The National Health Commission attaches great importance to and organizes experts to analyze and judge in a timely manner.
The relevant information is as follows:
1. Are there any cases of acute hepatitis in children of unknown cause in mainland China?
A: At present, no relevant cases have been found in the mainland, and health administrative departments and medical institutions at all levels are paying close attention to and continuously monitoring the relevant situation.
2. What are the manifestations of acute hepatitis in children of unknown cause? How to find out in time?
A: The common characteristics of children with this acute hepatitis are: (1) age 1 month to 16 years, mostly under 10 years of age; (2) jaundice, nausea, abdominal pain, fatigue, drowsiness, and gastrointestinal symptoms (including diarrhea and vomiting), and most children have no fever; (3) laboratory liver biochemical test transaminases (AST or ALT) are significantly elevated.
If the child has the above manifestations, parents should be vigilant, go to the hospital in time, it is recommended to check the liver biochemical indicators, and do blood, urine, feces and respiratory samples and other related pathogen tests to further determine whether the child has acute hepatitis and possible causes.
3. How to prevent acute hepatitis in children?
A: There are many causes of acute hepatitis in children, and the main route of infection is through the digestive tract and blood. Some of the children with acute hepatitis of unknown cause reported abroad tested positive for adenovirus. At present, the main preventive measures are to avoid children from going to public places with crowded people and no air circulation, cut off droplet contact and fecal-oral transmission routes, ensure adequate sleep and nutrition for children, regularly wash children's clothes and frequently contacted items, wash their hands frequently, wear masks, maintain social distancing, such as children with jaundice, digestive tract symptoms and other hepatitis diseases need to seek medical treatment in time.
At present, the experience accumulated in the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic in the mainland and the improvement of the public's awareness of health protection have considerable benefits for the prevention of acute hepatitis in children of unknown cause.
4. Is acute hepatitis in unexplained children related to COVID-19 vaccination?
A: A recent survey by the World Health Organization shows that because most children with acute hepatitis of unknown cause have not been vaccinated against COVID-19, the hypothesis related to COVID-19 vaccination is not currently supported.
General Administration of Customs: Strictly prevent the introduction!
In response to the successive reports of cases of acute severe hepatitis in children of unknown cause in many countries around the world, the General Administration of Customs has recently made arrangements for health quarantine at customs ports across the country to prevent the epidemic from being introduced to the mainland.
The General Administration of Customs requires customs throughout the country to strengthen quarantine inspection work such as health declaration, body temperature monitoring, medical inspection and other quarantine inspections for inbound passengers from countries/regions with case reports, and to carry out medical screening in accordance with the prescribed procedures for passengers with abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting and jaundice who voluntarily declare or are found at the scene. After medical investigation, passengers suspected of having acute severe hepatitis of children of unknown cause should be transferred to designated medical institutions for further diagnosis and treatment in a timely manner, and follow-up should be done.
Customs reminds that the symptoms of acute severe hepatitis in children of unknown cause include jaundice and gastrointestinal symptoms, such as vomiting and diarrhea, abdominal pain, etc. If there are symptoms of discomfort during the entry and exit, the attendants on the transportation should be informed in a timely and truthful manner, and cooperate with self-protection. Passengers entering and leaving the country, especially children, who have gastrointestinal symptoms and jaundice, should report to the Customs in time so that they can obtain diagnosis and treatment as soon as possible. WHO recommends that thorough handwashing, including supervising children, can help reduce the spread of many common infections.
Source: CCTV News, Overseas Network, Xinhua Net
Editor: Wan Jianyi
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