German Shepherd Dog
The German Shepherd is a world-famous breed of dog with a rough fur that resembles a wolf. The ancestors of the German Shepherd are ancient herding dogs and farm dogs, dating back to the Bronze Age. Some of these dogs appear to have wolf blood, and Braend and Anderson discovered that wolves have the gene Ar Q at the same time as dogs (Braend and Anderson, 1987). Another gene, Ar E and Ar D, can be found in wild wolves, but are very rare in dogs. But the gene Ar D usually finds evidence in the Demu gene, and perhaps they have a common ancestor. (Willis) At the end of the 19th century, there were various working sheep dogs in Germany, which can be classified as early shepherd dogs.
Dogs in Thuringia (Thuringia is located in central Germany) and the Frankonia region (which includes the northern part of Baden-Württemberg in southwestern Germany and the southern part of Thurinia) are usually stout and sturdy, with small, thick, erect ears and wolfgrey hair, which are rare among dogs. Dogs in the Wurttemberg area are generally relatively large, with strong bones, a sporty body type, and a suitable tail. Crossbreeding of dogs from both southern and northern Germany needs to be used simultaneously to consolidate and eliminate the shortcomings of both sides.
The history of the modern Demu is closely linked to the cavalry captain Max Von Stephanitz (1864--1936). He was a German aristocrat and the world-renowned founder of German pasture. He is an expert in dog breeding, and his lifelong ideal is to be able to breed and breed a suitable ideal
Multipurpose working dog, Demu is also on his breeding list. In 1890, the German dog breeder Stefenitz came up with the idea of cultivating excellent working dogs, so he traveled all over Germany to search for shepherd dogs that could fulfill his wishes. In order to find the ideal breeder, he attended a working dog fair held in 1889, believing that he could find a dog that met the standards as much as possible, but fortunately he found it. The shepherd dog, named Horand von Grafrath, is the ancestor of modern Demu. Holland was registered as the first German Shepherd in history. After many bloodline reforms, Demu's body gradually became flexible and strong, flowing and agile into the prototype of modern Demu.
In Germany, sheepdogs have a long history. Different natural conditions and the motor characteristics of the caring herd form different types of herding dogs, which have their own body structure and quality characteristics. In the mountainous areas of southern Germany, a class of herding dogs with outstanding characteristics has gradually formed, their bones are strong and powerful, their hind limbs are strong, their movements are agile and brisk, and they can freely go uphill and downhill and run fast in order to monitor the herd. In the trough plains of northern Germany, another type of strong, large stride, long-distance running without tiredness, and able to move in a large area was formed, known as "active fences", and their initial job was to cage a large number of herds together, protect the herds, and prevent any possible attack.
At the beginning of the 19th century, farmers and shepherds in southern Germany, especially in the state of Württemberg, developed a keen interest in sheepdogs in northern Germany, especially Thuringian shepherds. Because the Thuringian Shepherd has many advantages, after hybridizing with the southern Württemberg Shepherd, you can get the ideal ear shape, coat color, and temperament. Therefore, people began to cross breed these two kinds of dogs, but because they are some farmers and herders, it is impossible to establish a complete breeding and breeding work system, let alone standardize the breeding plan according to long-term goals, so progress is very slow.
In 1890, german dog breeders Stefaniz and Mr. Mael began to breed the ancient German shepherd dog, the El Shachia. Von Stefaniz, who had come from a horseback, dreamed of breeding a dog that was neither aggressive nor timid. He first depicted his shepherd on his desk, and then bred with a variety of good dogs until the ideal prototype was reached. On April 17, 1902, the German Shepherd was officially born in Karlsruhe, western Germany. That year, at a dog exhibition, cavalry captain von Stefanitz showed for the first time the excellent dog breeds he had carefully bred after countless breeding experiments. The German Shepherd then became the most popular military, police dog, and sheepdog at that time, and many countries used it to help the military and police hunt for drugs, hunt down fugitives, and patrol the border. In addition, it is also an excellent shepherd and nursing home dog.
Max von Stefaniz, on the other hand, was a visionary and discerning man who believed that the German Shepherd must not only have a strong desire to work and extraordinary wisdom, but also have the physical conditions to be competent for all kinds of work. Thanks to his tireless efforts, the German Shepherd was finally successfully bred, replacing other dogs and becoming sheepdogs and military and police dogs. On December 16, 1891, the Phylax Society was founded to develop german shepherds, and was dissolved in 1894. Its legacy was the growing interest of the German Shepherd as a developing breed, which led to the establishment of the Schaferhunde (SV) Association in Germany on 22 April 1899. Max Von Stephanitz dominates SV, and as president/chairman he chose to make big decisions with Siegers. He also wrote the so-called authoritative book The German Shepherd Dog in Word and Picture for the German Shepherd breed, the first edition of which was written circa 1918. In 1932 he completely revised and expanded the book and published its eighth edition. He is undoubtedly the one who makes the rules, and of course he thinks so... However, this personal quality of his helped to promote the rapid progress of the association. In 1899 the SV had 31 members, by 1912 it had 3500... Today, we can't think that all his ideas are correct... We must distinguish between good people and should not blindly follow Von Stephanitz's post-SV post.,
On 22 April 1899 Max von Stefanitz presented his dog, Helland von Grafett, at the Dog Fair in Karlsruhe. On the same day he founded the German Shepherd Association with 13 other friends who liked sheepdogs. Five months later, the German Shepherd Dog Association adopted the Association's statutes, which established the breed mark for German Shepherds that are still in force to this day, and the first German Shepherd registered by the Association was Herland von Graft. Under the leadership of Max von Stephanitz, the German Shepherd Association continued to cross and breed shepherds from the south and north of Germany, constantly improving the quality of German shepherds, and finally making them have the excellent quality characteristics of all sheepdogs in the north and south of Germany. The three dogs, Old Münz, Old Kuando and Old Kando, have an extremely important place in the history of the development of German Shepherds, and are the ancestors of many modern German Shepherds. These three famous dogs were born in 1966, 1967, 1968, the status of these three dogs in breeding is not publicized and recommended at that time, but after several generations of breeding, due to the excellent performance of their offspring, they gradually established the dominance of these three famous dogs in the breeding genealogy. Ninety-nine percent of all modern German Shepherds are descendants of these three famous dogs.
All SV presidents from the beginning to the present day expressed their opinion on the breeding standards of German Shepherd dogs. Over the years they have been adding or changing the opinions of successive SV presidents. Breeders of German Shepherds should do their own research and breed to standards to develop the quality of German Shepherds. The purpose of breeding is to produce more perfect specimens by carefully selecting available male and female dogs.
Americans continued to import German Shepherds from Germany and other countries, such as Czechoslovakia, Japan, England. There are many exceptions to these imported dogs. Discerning breeders study carefully to get the best channels they can find for introduction. However, not every import is good, and buyers of these dogs can be disappointed. It should be noted that Americans have managed to be better or better dogs than the dogs they import from other countries. The United States around the world has also been exporting German Shepherds for many years. But they don't have the strict rules for adopting SV. In the past, breeders in Germany and the United States had problems with their own breeds, but so far they have also been able to see better dogs. Breeders in the United States have freely improved breeds. Both amateurs and professional breeders can choose a certain characteristic of the breed to breed, such as athletic, demonstrative, or working ability. In order to maintain the noble status of the German Shepherd, which is cherished by everyone, every breeder should give priority to balancing the number of dogs. Strive to maintain the integrity of the variety. Breeders of German Shepherds should do their own research and use this standard as a guide to develop the quality of German Shepherds.
The German Shepherd has become a favorite breed for families, law enforcement, and people with disabilities. German Shepherds are also known as Alsatian Shepherds; until the 1850s, Shepherds were randomly bred and only those that performed well were singled out. As the 20th century approached, Germany implemented a strict breeding program to breed randomly bred sheepdogs into a sheepdog with a purer and more intelligent pedigree. Later, the newly developed German Shepherd gained widespread popularity due to its better breed. Until the beginning of the 20th century, when World War I broke out in 1914, everything in Germany became taboo, and even German courses were abolished from school curricula, not to mention German Shepherds. To save the breed, the American Kennel Club registered the breed in 1912 and temporarily changed its name to Shepherd. The name German Shepherd was restored after the war. In England the name was changed to Alsatian Shepherd.
The Shepherd also had a disgraceful history; during World War I, the German Shepherd was sent to fight on the front line; During World War II, Hitler ordered his army to recruit 200,000 sheepdogs, and these rigorously trained German shepherds fell prey to escorting explosives with watchdogs in Nazi concentration camps. After the war, the Berlin Wall was erected and served as a guardian of the East-West German border.
During the Cold War, the East German government strictly selected breeding dogs and service dogs, and established the Demu Breeding Office; stipulated the evaluation standards and control regulations of the Demu in Thergaya, and strictly controlled the breeding of the Demu; and prohibited all foreign dogs from influencing the bloodline of the East German Shepherd (including the West German Demu) Most of the excellent bloodlines of the Demu were used for the military.
The east German shepherd breeding plan is Germany's top secret and the object of competition between the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union. Eventually the Soviet Union obtained all the Breeding Materials of East Germany and promoted breeding in the GDR (East Germany) after World War II, eventually forming the current East German Shepherd.
West Demu is more focused on its appearance than East Demu. From the 1899 sv demu champion to the 2009 sv champion, it is not difficult to see that the development of demu is taking the beauty pageant route, and the generation is more beautiful than the next; of course, such a competition still respects the most basic function of demu - work, guard. So the guard level competition is also a criterion for sv.
Demu is one of the top ten pet dogs in the United States. Dogs of this breed, despite their appearance like wolves, are loyal human companions and are so intelligent that they can accomplish almost any task with proper training. The German Shepherd, often referred to as GSD by veterinarians, is currently the second most popular dog breed.
The appearance and size of the German Shepherd
The German Shepherd is a medium or large dog with upright ears, a long body and a high degree of weather resistance in fur. The German Shepherd's thick, hard outer coat is covered by a soft inner layer, which makes it well resistant to extreme weather. The most popular coat colors for German Shepherds are black and tan. Although the white variety is not very acceptable at present, it is also becoming a popular variety color.
German Shepherds are usually 55-66 cm long from the feet to the top of the shoulders. The standard weight of a healthy adult dog is 70-80 pounds.
The personality of the German Shepherd
German Shepherds are very intelligent and easy to train, they are not only tough but also elegant. German Shepherds don't have much affection, but they are very loyal. This breed is a well-known police dog and is often used for search and rescue missions. In nature, the strong character of German Shepherds makes them often dominant. Of course, not all German shepherds are so strong, for this, you need to give them some room for change, when you bring a German Shepherd home, you need to be ready to make yourself the boss of the family, after all, you are its master, you have to make it obey you, obey you.
Male shepherds who are not castrated tend to be more dominant and more energetic. Once they're six months old or even older, they'll try to control other dogs, and they'll try to control you, so you need to be the "boss" of the family. Female demu, on the other hand, are more inclined to protect their families. Usually, females mature earlier than males, which makes them easier to train than males. But this is not the case for every Demu, whose exact personality varies from dog to dog.
Family-to-family relationships
Because Demu's nature is tolerant and patient, demu can be the best pet for children and the strongest protector. With proper training, it can become a watchdog full of majesty.
About the training of Demu
Training should start when they are young. Untrained de mu is often difficult to control and control. Because Demu is intelligent and studious, they can be trained to do a variety of jobs for this purpose. They can guard, stand guard, track, search and rescue, and assist people with disabilities, and each task can be done very well.
Famous German Shepherd
1. Strengthen the heart
This dog was one of the first canine movie stars. Its name is Eizer von Olyinger. It has a number of film credits, including: The Silent Call, Muscles of the North, and The Return of the Black Man in Boston.
2. Lindinding
After being rescued from the battlefield in World War I, the dog appeared in 25 Hollywood movies during his lifetime and was considered one of Hollywood's elite in the 1920s. To this day, most people still know the name Lindintin.
3. Abbe
In a hit film, I Am Legend, Will Smith joins forces with the German shepherd Abbe to fight zombies.
Celebrities who are associated with German Shepherds
Many people, including some celebrities, are very fond of German Shepherds, and it's not surprising that they may spend all day with their own Shepherds: Tom Hanks, Ben Affleck, Nikki Reed, Reese Witherspoon
Common diseases of German Shepherds
Although the German Shepherd is a muscular breed, they can also suffer from a variety of ailments, as follows:
1. Gastric volvulus. Also known as bloating, it is a life-threatening sudden illness associated with the stomach being filled with air and twisted.
2. Hip dysplasia is a deformity of the hip joint that can lead to pain, limp, and arthritis.
3. Elbow dysplasia refers to the abnormality of certain parts of the elbow joint during the growth and development stage.
4. Epilepsy is an episodic disorder that occurs between the ages of 2 and 5 years.
5. Pan osteitis is inflammation of long bones during growth. Causes pain and limping and continues until the dog matures.
6. Pyoderma refers to a deep infection of the skin.
7. Vascular fessels are eye diseases that cause inflammation.
8. Corneal dystrophy is a primary, hereditary, bilateral, asymmetric or systemic disease of corneal symmetry that is not accompanied by corneal inflammation.
9. Degenerative myelopathy. This disease slowly causes Demu's hind legs to weaken and eventually prevent him from using them.
10. Disc disease is a disease that affects the disc and can cause pain, difficulty walking, and paralysis.
11. Diabetes is a pancreatic disease associated with insufficient insulin secretion.
12. Pancreatic insufficiency is another pancreatic disorder that causes food not to be digested properly.
13. Malassezia dermatitis is a skin yeast infection caused by Malassezia pachydermatitis.
14. Some Demu will have food allergies. Affected Demu will experience some skin damage caused by toxic food ingredients
15. Perianal fistula is a disease in which the glands of the fistula and the area around the tissues are infected.
16. Aortic stenosis. The disease can cause symptoms such as weakness, prostration and even sudden death.
17. Pericardial effusion. It may be caused by a tumor of the heart.
18. Congenital idiopathic megaesophagus. This is a disease caused by reduced muscle contraction that causes the esophagus to expand and trigger food reflux.
19. Lymphocytic plasma cytometic enteritis (LPE) is an inflammatory bowel disease.
20. Lick the granuloma. The disease arises when dogs excessively lick an area (usually on the front leg) until a raised, solid ulcer lesion forms.
21. cystic adenocarcinoma.
22. Testicular tumors.
23. Dwarfism is a disorder caused by a deficiency of growth hormone (GH), usually secreted by the pituitary gland.
24. Cataracts cause the lens of the eye to lose transparency, which can lead to blindness.
25. Eye lens dislocation.
26. In addition, German Shepherds have a higher incidence of allergies, ear infections and malignancies such as angiosarcoma and lymphoma.
life span
The average lifespan of a German Shepherd is 10-13 years.
Jiang Dong