Text | Yu Zhenhong
In the entire Jiaxing area, Lao Dizi entered the Confucius Temple for five thousand years, there were only six in total, and there was no surname Yu, one of whom was from the Tongxiang Zhang family - Zhang Luxiang (1611-1672), known as "Mr. Yang Yuan", a stove head (now Wuzhen) person.
Zhang Yangyuan attaches great importance to the family history of the Zhang family, and he once compiled the "Genealogy of the Zhang Clan", saying: The Tongxiang Zhang clan was made a Wang clan by the Song and Yuan dynasties. The population is large, resulting in place names such as Zhang Dang, Zhang Lin, Zhang Qiao, East Zhang, West Zhang, South Zhang, North Zhang, Zhong Zhang, but unfortunately, although there was a family tree at that time, but "the genealogy of all Zhangs, there is no unity", even if the Zhang family in the stove head is not the same sect, Zhang Yangyuan himself can not say clearly.
Now that most of the family trees have been lost, it is even more difficult to understand these situations.
According to Ouyang Xiu's "New Book of Tang - Genealogy Table of Zai Chancellor", the grandson of the Yellow Emperor wielded and invented the bow and arrow, and the descendants took "Zhang" as their clan, and the so-called "bow chang Zhang" was also.
Historically, Zhang's name has been born in many places, so it has formed 14 counties of Qinghe, Nanyang, Anding, Dunhuang, Fanyang, Zhongshan, Hanoi, and Gaoping, of which the Qinghe Zhang clan (from Qinghe Dongwucheng County, now Gucheng County, Hebei) is the most famous, from the Western Han Dynasty ("Zuo Chuan" scholar Zhang Yu, Jia Yi's three disciples) all the way to the Tang Dynasty (Three Prime Ministers), talents continue to be continuous, the greatest influence.
Therefore, the famous general Zhang Yi in the early years of the Sui Dynasty, although his family was in Huaiyin and did not study, still pretended to be the Zhang clan of Qinghe.
After the Tang and Song dynasties, people with the surname Zhang were generally called "Qinghe Zhang", and the other thirteen counties were gradually less used. Qinghe became synonymous with the surname Zhang. Zhang Jun of the Southern Song Dynasty, originally a native of Chengji County (present-day Shaanxi) in Fengxiang Province, was listed as one of the "Four Generals of Zhongxing", and was named "King of Qinghe County" by Emperor Gaozong of Song, and now Qinghefang (河坊街) in Hangzhou, thus rising.
In fact, in southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang, the Zhang clan is already a famous and prestigious family, during the Three Kingdoms period, ranked as one of the "four surnames of Wu County", at that time there was "Zhang Wen, Zhu Wu, Lu Zhong, Gu Hou" saying, indicating that the Zhang surname in southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang was famous for "Wen" during the Three Kingdoms period, and my friend Zhang Tianjie inherited and carried forward this gene.
Southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang, known as "Wu County" during the Eastern Han Dynasty. Therefore, one of the fourteen counties surnamed Zhang is "Wu County Zhang" (southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang). Qing Dynasty scholar Qian Daxin said in the "County Wang" of the "New Record of Ten Driving Zhai Yang" that the Zhang family in southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang today, on the marriage post, is written as "Qinghe Zhang", in fact, "Wu Junzhang" should be restored, and a name should be restored, that is, to restore cultural self-confidence.
From the historical records, southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang are one of the original residences of the Zhang surname, and there is a record in the Book of Later Han: Zhang Wu, Wu County, by the boxers. Zhang Wu's father, Zhang Ye, probably lived in the late Western Han Dynasty and early Eastern Han Dynasty. Yuquan is a county, including today's Tongxiang City, but whether Zhang Ye and Zhang Wu are From Tongxiang is difficult to determine, but this record shows that at least in the last years of the Western Han Dynasty, the area of present-day Jiaxing City has been settled by the surname Zhang.
When exactly did Tongxiang have the surname Zhang settle down? The literature is insufficient and difficult to verify, but according to Pei Qiong's "Bamboo Depths" at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Zhang clan of Qingzhen (present-day Wuzhen) has been reading for five hundred years since the fifth dynasty. It shows that during the Period of at least the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, there were already people surnamed Zhang. This Zhang surname has been engraving books for generations, and during the Southern Song Dynasty, it has already engraved the "Chunhua Ge Ti", which is the best work in the 22 editions of the "Chunhua Ge Ti" in the Song Dynasty.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, another Zhang surname moved into Wuzhen, the ancestor of the first migration was Zhang Shu, he was a very famous figure, the favorite of Emperor Xiaozong of Song, but his learning was very good, and he wrote the book "Commentary on the Ancient Artifacts of Shaoxing Inner Province", which was included in the "Four Libraries complete book" and was an important work of epigraphy.
The Southern Song Dynasty moved into Tongxiang, and the more famous is the Zhangjia family in Shimen Town, which is divided into East Zhang and West Zhang, and in its heyday there were two private gardens of East Zhangyuan and West Zhangyuan. There is a poem in the "Thousand Family Poems" "You Shimen Zhang's Garden", which is particularly fascinating to read. "A Thousand Family Poems" is the enlightenment reading of the children of the old foundation, which is widely circulated, and The Shimen Zhangyuan is famous all over the world.
The representative figure of the Shimen Zhang family, Zhang Bochun, a late Song and early Yuan dynasty, and the brother-in-law of Zhao Mengfu, wrote the "Yangmeng Collection", which is included in the "Four Libraries Complete Book". The "Four Libraries Complete Book" contains the most Works of the Tongxiang people, and Zhang surname is the most.
Zhang Yangyuan said that the Tongxiang Zhang clan "song and yuan dynasties were a large family" is indeed a historical fact. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Zhang family produced a jinshi Zhang Kangchao, but unfortunately he did not know where he was from Tongxiang.
There are 6 Jinshi surnamed Zhang in Tongxiang of the Southern Song Dynasty, fortunately, one of them is called "Zhang Ran", his examination resume is recorded in the "Shaoxing Eighteenth Year of the Same Year Small Record", he is the first Tongxiang person in history with the clearest and most complete personal information, recorded here: Zhang Ran, Zi Ke, Small Name Dingsun, Small Character and Brother, Twenty-fifth Year, Born on April 29, WaiShi Huang, Brother Two, One Stroke, Married Chen, Great-Zujing, So, Not Shi. Zu Jiming, therefore, is not Shi. Father and Uncle Gao, Unshi. Qingfeng Township, Chongde County, Benguanxiu Prefecture.
Zhang Ran is a native of Qingfeng Township, and the core area of Qingfeng Township is in the area of the stove, so I suspect that Zhang Ran may be the ancestor of Zhang Yangyuan.
In addition to the stove head, Wuzhen, Shimen, Puyuan, Chongfu, Lamb (Zhang Hanying), Liuliang all over the Zhang surname, but also mostly local nobles, talent continued, "Shimen Huang Case" recorded in the Shimen County (now Tongxiang) Zhang surname Xiucai up to more than 200 people, ranked in the top six of tongxiang surnames, unfortunately most of them have been difficult to verify its specific villages.
However, LiuLiang Zhangjia had a few talents, but it is certain, the most famous is Zhang Boying, who later moved to Chishabang (now Gaoqiao Street), I went to visit Fan Hongjie and my brother, but unfortunately did not meet his descendants. Zhang Boying, Xiucai, studied in Japan at the end of the Qing Dynasty and became famous for painting.
LiuLiang's surname Zhang, it is said that the last moved from Haining, perhaps after the Southern Song Dynasty Yuan Zhang Jiucheng, after settling in Tongxiang, Wei became a local clan, listed in the "Tangdong Eight Greats", my friend Zhang Tianjie is from this clan, his family's old residence "Jingshengtang", which is still well preserved, a look is everyone's weather.
At the invitation of Brother Tianjie, I once wrote a couplet for Jingshengtang: Yushui Jia Clan, Long Hair Qixiang, Able to Recognize the Three Books of Hedong; Tangzuo Famous Family, After Ke Chang jie, family heirloom Filial Piety June Chapter. I'm not good at couplets, I don't write well, and I just talk about admiration.
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