The Takarazuka Opera Troupe was released, played by Jun Setsumi as the Prince of Kaijin
Everyone knows that there are difficulties in Jing, it is the uncle who is against the nephew, and the uncle Who seized power, Zhu Di, created a prosperous world. Coincidentally, in ancient Japan, there was also a Battle of Yasukasa - the Nongshen Rebellion, uncle Kaijin forced his nephew Emperor Otomo to die, Kairen ascended the throne as emperor, the status of Emperor Ōtomo was not recognized, and he became a pseudo-emperor of the usurpation, until the Meiji Restoration, Emperor Meiji posthumously named Emperor Ōtomo as Emperor Hirofumi. Regardless of the struggle for power between uncles and nephews, the ascension of Tianwu to the throne created a prosperous era in Japan and promoted the sublimation of Japan's feudalization and dahua reform. From this point of view, the positive significance of the Battle of Yasukuni in Japan can be described as far-reaching.
The site of the city gate of the Japanese capital at that time
<h1 style="text-align: left;"> first, Dahua reform into a dilemma</h1>
The time is first fixed to 668, the year when the eldest brother of the middle brother, the crown prince, ascended the throne and was called "Emperor Tenchi". Before Tianzhi took the throne, he adjusted the Dahua reform that had already been carried out and promulgated the "Edict of the First Son", which was roughly: 1. Abolish the twelfth rank of the crown and change it to the twenty-sixth rank of the official position. 2. The redisceration of the public and private mouths, the establishment of the ministry of civil affairs (i.e., the citizens of the foreman field, who are free people), and the family department (private people, i.e., slaves), which means the recognition of the private land of the royal nobility. 3. Imitate the Tang Dynasty Law Order to compile the "Omi Order".
Emperor Tenchi
If you only look at these three articles, there is nothing reactionary, but Tianzhi just put forward the point that makes the conservative forces most excited, that is, Dingshishang.
Literally, the Dingshi clan is to give surnames to ministers, such as surnames such as courtiers, real people, lian, companions, and so on. But this is not an ordinary surname, these surnames and political status are linked together, which is a privilege that only the nobility can have. According to the different powers of the various nobles at that time, the emperor gave them different ranks of surnames, and this surname became a label for a person after birth, no matter how old he was, he could only serve within the range specified by the surname. To use a simple analogy, a person with the surname of a courtier can serve as the highest minister of government, while if your surname is Zhenren, you can only be the secretary of the eight ministries at the highest level, and you cannot be an official at the level of prime minister.
The Japanese aristocracy at that time
<h1 style="text-align: left;"> the contradiction between Tianzhi and Hairen</h1>
Tianzhi's younger brother, the Prince of The Great Sea, was the right and left hand of The Great Transformation of Tianzhi, and it was this Seaman who issued the "Edict of the First Son" on behalf of Tianzhi in 664. In 668, when Tianzhi ascended the throne, he set up a man as the emperor's brother-in-law and prepared for him to succeed him. However, unlike Tenchi, the sea people are young and enthusiastic, very active in reform, believing that the revolution has not yet succeeded, comrades still need to work hard, and he is very dissatisfied with Emperor Tenchi's retreat measures.
Jun Setsumi plays the sea man in the opera
In 669, the mainstay of reform, Nakatomi Kamakura, died. Nakato Kamakasa is a buffer valve between Tenchi and Kairen, and his unexpected death has caused the contradiction between the two to rise sharply. Soon around whether the reform continued or not, a serious conflict broke out between the two. In order to suppress the sea people, Tianzhi did not hesitate to appoint the conservative Su I Chi Brother, The Situation Bideng, Jin Lian and others to make them extremely popular subjects. Tenchi also appointed his own son, Crown Prince Ōtomo, as a chancellor. Logically, this position is generally held by the crown prince, and the meaning of this position is similar to who the Chinese emperor asked to sacrifice to the heavens in his place, and whoever is sure to be the heir is definitely the heir. The rise to power of Prince Otomo has put a lot of pressure on the people of the sea.
Nakato Kamakura
As Tianzhi grew older, ideological conservatism became more pronounced. "Character History of Japan" says that Tenchi was sluggish in his later years, "it is good to visit" and "drink and enjoy". The sea people were very dissatisfied with Tianzhi's insistence on making progress, and coupled with the fact that they were suppressed by Tianzhi everywhere, the sea people actually used wine to show their weapons at the banquet, and expressed their anger with long guns through the territory. Although the situation has been calmed down, the contradiction between the two has become white-hot.
<h1 style="text-align: left;">3, Tianzhi's later years</h1>
After the banquet spear piercing incident, Tenchi has decided to let his son Otomo take the throne, but because the sea people are supported by the reformers, they have no chance to do it, so they can't bear it.
In October 671, before Tianzhi's death, Tianzhi summoned the sea people to the bed, ambushed the knife and axe hands on both sides, and deliberately asked him: He is going to die, hoping that the sea people will take charge of the overall situation. Japanese history books say that the sea man was "wise", and he had so many years of experience in political struggle, and he saw at a glance the purpose of Tenchi, and hurriedly said how good Prince Otomo was, that he was seriously ill, and hoped to become a monk and move to the countryside of Yoshino. Tianzhi agreed and spared the sea man on the spot.
Nihon Yoshinoji
On October 19 of that year, the Sea People left the capital, and Su I, the core figure of the conservative faction and the Ōtomo Crown Prince's camp, said bitterly: "The tiger is letting go of its wings." On the 23rd of the same month, Tenchi summoned Crown Prince Ōtomo and all the ministers, who made an alliance and expressed their concerted efforts to assist the young lord. On December 2, Tenchi died, and on the 5th Otomo succeeded to the throne.
<h1 style="text-align: left;">4</h1>
After Otomo succeeded to the throne, he followed the advice of Brother Su I and recruited soldiers from the region to prepare to attack and kill the Kaito of Yoshino, never to be troubled. However, the people of the sea had many eyes and ears in Beijing and got the news in advance. In June 672, the Sea People escaped the sight of the imperial court's surveillance and fled to the Kanto region overnight, first obtaining the forgiveness of the Mino land tycoons, and the Mino domain tycoons announced that they would join the Camp of the Sea People.
On June 22, Mino Kuniji was ordered by the people of the sea to occupy the important town of Jinjing. This pass is one of the three major passes in Japan, easy to defend and difficult to attack, and the possession of this pass allows the Hairen army to freely enter and leave Omi Kingdom (the seat of the Ōtomo Imperial Court). On June 24, in just three days, the sea people swept through the forces of the eastern country, and the eastern country was fully loyal to the sea people.
In late June, Omi's Ōtomo Imperial Court was stunned, and only then did he feel that things were not good, and he rushed to attack without breaking the pass, but failed. Then, in early July, the people of the sea announced that they would "be in trouble" and wanted to clean up the side of the emperor and clean up Brother Su and others. On July 22, the troops of the Hairen army pointed directly at the capital city of Omi, "in Kyoto and in a commotion."
Emperor Ōtomo fought a battle against the water, the soldiers sent to Seta, the two sides fought, for a time "the flag covered the wilderness, dust in the sky". The people of the sea were from the Su family and their combat effectiveness was not low; and Emperor Ōtomo was a full literati, who loved Chinese liturgical culture, had a very high cultural attainment, and had a fight with Emperor Jianwen, and the result could be imagined that Emperor Ōtomo eventually committed suicide by "walking away and hiding".
The Japanese army at that time
<h1 style="text-align: left;">5</h1>
By February 27, 673, the Kaijin had ascended to the throne amid repeated requests from his courtiers, and was called Emperor Tenmu, and his ascension to the throne had a major impact on the process of feudalization in Japan. After Tianwu ascended the throne, he carried out a three-year purge, kicking all the conservative faction (also the Ōtomo faction) out of the court.
In 676, Tianwu, who was sitting firmly, further sublimated the Dahua reform and began to work on the private land of the imperial nobility. It was stipulated that all yamada swamps should be nationalized, and the fiefs of the kings were exchanged between east and west, and a large number of fiefs were deprived under the pretext that the kings did not actively implement them. In 680, it was stipulated that those who had fiefs would change every thirty years. In this way, the fiefdoms of the kings were named fiefs, and the rewards and punishments were all based on the emperor's will.
The economic base determines the superstructure, solves the most difficult land problem, and other problems are solved, the process of feudalization of the Japanese state has developed tremendously, and the level of feudal productive forces in Japan has also developed unprecedentedly.
The aristocrats of the Japanese court
<h1 style="text-align: left;"> Wen Shijun said</h1>
After the land problem was solved, the old nobles lost their economic foundation, and the Tianwu court was able to revitalize talents, but it should be noted that the talents here refer to the landlords of the cold door, not the ordinary people. As mentioned earlier, the shackles of the clan system have made Japan "no cold door in the upper grade and no clan in the lower grade". Now Tianwu began to "select their talents", the capable went up, the incompetent retreated, and in 690, the "Kaoshi Order" was also introduced, which stipulated the evaluation criteria for officials at all levels. In addition, the Tianwu Dynasty also spared no effort in implementing the laws, and the Tianwu Dynasty newly compiled the "Asuka Pure Imperial Order", which is the prototype of the "Pension Order" and the "Great Treasure Order", and when Mr. Chen Yinke of China wrote the "Brief Discussion on the Origin of the Sui and Tang Dynasties System", it was the lack of Tang Law Order material supplemented by the Second Order as a reference. In a word, it is a "jing difficulty" of Tianwu that has made Japan speed up on the road of feudalization, so Tianwu is still very important for Japan's development.
< h1 style="text-align: "left;" > Resources</h1>
Xing Ning: "A Brief Discussion on Emperor Tianwu", Heilongjiang Chronicle, No. 15, 2013.
Li Zhuo, "Discussion of Ancient Japanese Nobles", Ancient Civilization, No. 3, 2012.
Zhang Lin, "The Formation and Characteristics of Imperial Politics in Ancient Japan", Journal of Changchun Normal University, No. 3, 2014.
(Author: Haoran Wenshi Purple Orange)
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