Tourists take photos outside the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum on April 28. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Yibo
Xinhua News Agency, Xi'an, April 28 Title: Exploring History and Perceiving the Future -- Visiting the First Museum of Archaeology
Xinhua News Agency reporter Yang Yimiao
On April 28, the first thematic museum of archaeology, the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum, was opened to the public. This museum, located on the side of Qinling In Chang'an District, Xi'an, relies on the shaanxi provincial archaeological research institute over the years to practice field archaeology work and the scientific and technological research results of cultural relics protection, and shows the archaeological work process, technical methods, research ideas and discipline development to the public.
Listen to the wonderful stories of Chinese civilization among archaeologists' shovels and brushes, in precious mysterious cultural relics; in the pursuit of the development process of modern Chinese archaeology, perceive the future road of civilization.
The "History" on display
"Archaeology" is the key word for this museum.
The copper wheel tooth carriage excavated from the Zhouyuan site in Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, is known as the "first luxury car" of the Western Zhou Dynasty, in order to completely protect the information of this carriage and maximize the preservation of the relics and relics of the carriage, the staff of the Shaanxi Archaeological Research Institute used the overall "packing" method to bring it back to the laboratory.
The cleaning and repair lasted more than three years, and the "luxury car" gradually became clear -
The remains of this carriage consist of the body and the remains of 4 horses, the entire outer edge of the wheel is made of bronze casting, the carriage carriage is richly decorated with a large number of bronze components inlaid with turquoise, thin-walled bronze animal face decoration, and jade and painted components. Archaeologists have found more than 400 pieces of bronze car ornaments, most of which are inlaid with dozens or even hundreds of pieces of turquoise. The total number of turquoise is more than 10,000 pieces, all of which are cast on bronze components and inlaid with grooves.
Dna analysis showed that the four horses that accompanied the carriage were all adult black stallions. Judging from the marks on the wheels, this carriage was rarely used and highly decorative, and was used by the high-ranking nobles of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
In this exhibition, this set of carriages is still "packaged" and moved into the museum, which is exhibited in the form of a carriage and horse pit, reproducing the work site of the archaeological excavation in that year.
From shovel brushes, to yellowed archaeological notes, to drones, high-definition photography equipment... In this collection, the presentation of each cultural relic conveys the process of Chinese "archaeology", condenses the bits and pieces of generations of archaeologists to explore the origin of civilization and reconstruct ancient history, showing the road of Chinese civilization.
A story that "comes alive"
Why did a small bronze jar that was not inconspicuous attract many spectators to stop? The answer is "male face cream".
Speaking of this cultural relic, it was unearthed in the Spring and Autumn Period Liu Jiawa site of a medium-sized aristocratic tomb, after scientific and technological analysis, the residue of which is a water calcium carbonate and animal oil, after mixing them, archaeologists found that there is a whitening effect, which is the earliest male cream found in China.
In the women's tombs of the Spring and Autumn Period, a complete set of jewelry boxes was also unearthed, which contained bracelets, agate charms, etc., and these silent cultural relics vividly reproduced the daily life of aristocratic men and women at that time.
Founded in the 1950s, the Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology has accumulated more than 200,000 cultural relics specimens in archaeological excavations and conservation research that lasted for more than 60 years. The Shaanxi Archaeological Museum selected 4218 groups of 5215 cultural relics for exhibition, most of which were first seen with the public.
The Paleolithic cave site of Nanzheng Scabies Cave has unearthed the first fossils of early modern humans found in the Qinling area, providing strong evidence for the "multi-regional origin theory" of the origin of modern humans.
The instrument used by the ancestors of Shi'an about 4,000 years ago is an important discovery in the history of mainland music.
Yan Zhenqing Shudan's "Epitaph of Luo Wanshun", which was first met with the public, can glimpse the early artistic style of the calligraphy master Junyi Xiuya...
The living cultural relics are no longer lonely exhibits, but messengers who come with cultural heritage, telling the wonderful stories they have recorded.
Explore the truth from the "ancient"
Time has changed, times have changed, and many relics that have been sealed for thousands of years have been discovered or lost in glory or in ruins. Archaeologists have "cured" one cultural relic after another, using the latest scientific and technological means to empower cultural relics protection, so that cultural relics show a colorful and interesting side.
Archaeologists have found some solids or liquids in several bronzes in recent years. Through the proteomic analysis of modern biology, it can be seen that the copper dunli of the Qin State in the late Warring States period was originally a pot of yellow beef, although the beef has been carbonized, but the animal fiber is still clearly visible; through the identification of organic acids and starch grains in the residual liquid of the Han Dynasty bronze pot, it can be seen that the liquid in the bottle is a Han Dynasty wine that has traveled through two thousand years.
Listening to the whispers coming out of the dirt, you can explore the code of Chinese civilization.
Li Qianguan is a "star" exhibit at the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum. Hundreds of parts, gold, silver, pearls, ivory, jade and other more than ten kinds of materials, coupled with gold, inlay, filigree, painting and other processes, this cultural relics show the graceful and luxurious Style of the Tang Dynasty. Next to this exhibit, there is a "drawer" that the viewer can open, which shows the appearance of hundreds of "parts" stacked together when Li Qianguan was found.
Archaeologists first "packaged" the cultural relics as a whole and brought them back to the laboratory, and then positioned and recorded them one by one through microphotography technology, and restored them layer by layer according to the original position. Li Weiguan is also the first crown ornament in mainland China to be scientifically restored through microscopic excavations in the laboratory.
"The 'hand' of science and technology can not only restore the original appearance of cultural relics, but also explore the truth inside cultural relics." Sun Zhou Yong, president of the Shaanxi Archaeological Research Institute and director of the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum, said that combining cultural relics with the background of excavation and interpreting the site from an archaeological perspective has made archaeological expertise no longer stored in the "ivory tower", and the museum has established a bridge between the archaeological knowledge system and the public.
This is the exterior view of the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum taken on April 28 (drone photo).
On the same day, the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum, a special museum of archaeology, was opened to the public. With the theme of "archaeology", the museum relies on the field archaeological work practice and cultural relics protection scientific and technological research achievements of the Shaanxi Archaeological Research Institute over the years, and displays the archaeological work process, technical methods, research ideas and discipline development through the four major sections of archaeological history, cultural genealogy, archaeological discovery and cultural protection science and technology.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Yibo
This is the exterior view of the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum taken on April 28.
On April 28, visitors visited the bronze wheel tooth carriage ornaments excavated from the Baoji Zhouyuan site at the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum.
This is a Tang Dynasty painted pottery horse figurine and horse on display at the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum (pictured on April 28).
On April 28, tourists visited the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum.
This is a statue excavated from the Shangzhou Cemetery of Baoji Shigushan on display at the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum (pictured on April 28).
Visitors photograph The Tang Dynasty Li Qiguan at the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum on April 28.
On April 28, visitors visited the Shangzhou Cemetery excavated from the Baoji Shigushan Shangzhou Cemetery at the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum.
On April 28, visitors learned about plant archaeology at the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum.
On April 28, visitors collected cultural and creative seals in the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum.
This is a part of the Tang Dynasty Luo Wanshun epitaph by Yan Zhenqing Shudan exhibited by the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum (taken on April 28).
On April 28, visitors visited the mobile laboratory for the protection of cultural relics at the archaeological site in the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum.
On April 28, visitors learned about the protection and restoration of cultural relics in the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum.
Source: Xinhua Net