Wheat ear flowering period is a high incidence of a variety of diseases and insect pests, in the Huang-Huai-Hai winter wheat planting area, the most common occurrence, the most harmful disease is wheat rust, the disease not only spreads quickly, the yield reduction caused by wheat is also very serious. Generally, the reduction in production is 10% to 30%, and when it is serious, the reduction can reach more than 50%.
Wheat rust is divided into leaf rust, stripe rust and stalk rust according to the distribution shape of its summer spores, of which the widest range of occurrence, the fastest spread, the most difficult to control is wheat stripe rust.
Wheat leaf rust mainly harms the leaves of wheat, mostly from the lower leaves first, the initial stage of the disease, on the leaf appeared slightly raised yellow-brown summer spore pile, summer spore pile gradually increased, severe can be covered with the entire leaf, summer spore pile rupture, will emit a large number of rust-colored summer spores, with the air flow to spread and spread, the later on the back of the leaf scattered dark brown to dark brown, oval winter spore pile, mature without rupture. The result is premature drying of leaves.
Wheat stripe rust is the most serious disease in recent years, can harm the leaves, stems and ears of wheat shell, the initial stage of the disease, in the leaves appear yellow longitudinal arrangement of dotted summer spore piles, summer spore piles gradually increase, severe, can cover the entire leaf, resulting in leaf drying out in advance. After the rupture of the summer spore pile, it will also emit a large number of rust-colored summer spores, which spread with the air, and under suitable temperature and humidity conditions, they can quickly spread to the entire plot, and when they occur seriously, the pathogens can also harm the stems and shells of wheat, not only affecting pollination and fertilization, but also affecting the development of the grain, resulting in a serious reduction in yield.
Wheat stripe rust is hardy and heat-tolerant, generally occurs earlier, coupled with wheat stripe rust mainly harms the leaves of the middle and upper parts of wheat, therefore, once it occurs, the prevention and control is not timely, the spread of summer spores is very fast, and the harm caused to wheat is also the most serious. The agents for the prevention and control of rust are also the same, so in production, the main control of wheat stripe rust is to treat wheat leaf rust, stripe rust and powdery mildew.
The best time to control wheat rust is in the flowering stage of wheat, 75% oxime ester and pentazool water dispersion granules per mu, or 40% zoether pentazole suspension agent 20 ml, mixed with water 15 to 20 kg of uniform spray, the wheat growth in the middle and late stage of the occurrence of strip rust, leaf rust, powdery mildew and gibberellosis and other diseases have a good control effect.
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