(1) Organizing self-defense forces
(Original work) In 1945, the "August 1st Five-Year Plan", Japanese imperialism surrendered, Japanese and puppet rule collapsed, and the people were very happy. However, the situation in the Luozigou area is very unstable. On the one hand, the people's armed forces under the leadership of the Communist Party have not yet been stationed in Luozigou and the people's power has not yet been established; On the other hand, the Japanese puppet army stationed in the Luozigou area. Although it has been defeated, there are still some scattered in the mountains and dense forests (more than a few dozen, less than a dozen). Unwilling to fail, they constantly harassed the villagers, snatching grain, looting, looting livestock and killing innocents. Therefore, the broad masses of the people have no idea how to live a stable life. In particular, more than 20 small groups of Japanese troops lurking in the ditch of the Upper Sow River (Shanghetun) went to the ShangheTun to grab grain, and after shooting and killing the old Butou and the grandfather of the Shanghe Tun, they even more did not feel the fear of the masses.
In the face of this chaotic and uneasy situation, the masses urgently demanded the establishment of a self-defense force organization in order to protect their homeland and live a stable life. In addition, after the Soviet army entered Luozigou, in order to maintain local public order, protect the safety of traffic arteries and communication lines, and in order to facilitate the local procurement of military food, horse grass and other matters, it is urgent to get the support of the local Chinese people, so the Soviet army headquarters stationed in Luozigou also allowed the local government to establish mass security units or self-defense forces and other security organizations. During this period, Commander Xiao of the Wangqing County Security Regiment also went to Luozigou to instruct the local self-defense forces to be set up to maintain local public order.
To establish such an organization, someone must come forward and form it, and there must be a suitable person to be the leader. When Xin Defu (later deputy battalion commander of the Self-Defense Forces), Chen Xihua, Qu Bingyang (later company commander of the Self-Defense Forces), and others on Luozigou Street actively set up the Luozigou Self-Defense Forces, some people proposed: "Although An Zhenyou surrendered to the Japanese, he served as a regimental commander in the Anti-Japanese Salvation Army, understood the military, and had leadership experience, so he was allowed to go as the leader of the Self-Defense Forces." Some people also said: "An Zhen has a heart and eyes, a kind person, a good relationship with the masses, and he is full of qualifications as the captain of the self-defense team."
Later, everyone elected An Zhenyou as the captain of the Self-Defense Forces, and some people recommended Liu Fangmao (born in a landlord family, who served as a hundred parents and village chiefs during the puppet Manchurian period, and opened a bath pond) Zhang Shengqi, and Yu Xianzhou as the deputy of the brigade (Zhang Yu and the two had worked in the puppet Manchu gendarmerie and police station).
After the initial erection of the shelves of the brigade headquarters, the masses were mobilized to join the Self-Defense Forces. Everyone listened to this news, some people are very happy, and actively sign up, especially lazy people, second-rate children and so on are the most enthusiastic. However, there are also some honest peasants who are unwilling to dance their knives and guns, for fear of causing trouble with the Self-Defense Forces and leaving behind troubles, so they are unwilling to join the Self-Defense Forces
Later, An Zhen had stipulated in the name of the brigade headquarters that anyone living in the villages and tun people in the Luozigou area, and who had only one young and mature laborer in one family, could not join the self-defense forces; If a family has two young and prime-age laborers, 1 person must join the Self-Defense Forces, and a family of 3 to 4 young and prime-aged laborers must send 2 people to join the Self-Defense Forces
In order to form the Luozigou Self-Defense Force as soon as possible, An Zhenyou and three deputy members of the brigade went to Waitun to do organizational and mobilization work. An Zhenyou went to Beigou 4 Tun to organize mobilization, Zhang Shengqi and Yu Xianzhou were in charge of 6 Tun in Nangou and Liu Fangmao was in charge of 5 Tun in Xigou. After a period of mobilization and organization, almost all villages and tuns have established self-defense forces, and at this point, the "Luozigou Anzhen Self-Defense Force" was formally established in September 1945, with An Zhen as the captain, Liu Fangmao, Zhang Shengqi, and Yu Xianzhou as the deputy captains. An Zhenyou's bodyguard (guard) was Zhongxu Yang. The brigade headquarters has 2 squadrons and 8 squads, and each squadron is equipped with 1 main and 1 vice captain. The total number of people is about 500 people.
The brigade headquarters and the first squadron headquarters are located in Luozigou Street. The second squadron was headquartered in Xiahetun . Each squad is active in The villages of Shanghe, Xiahe, Daohezi, Inland River, Shangjian, Taipinggou, Xintunzi and Hedong.
When the Self-Defense Forces were first established, they lacked weapons and ammunition. They organized self-defense officers to collect and inspect all kinds of guns and ammunition discarded by the Japanese army (especially the guns and ammunition discarded on the battlefield of the 72-lane top and large stones of the Soviet Red Army fighting against the Japanese army); At the same time, families were mobilized to hand over the guns, ammunition and Japanese uniforms abandoned by the Japanese army that had been collected to the brigade headquarters. After a period of collecting and mobilizing the masses to turn them in, the weapons and equipment of the Self-Defense Forces were replenished. There is a total of one mountain gun, 3 pursuit guns, 4 flat-fire guns, 29 light and heavy machine guns, more than 30 willow bullets, nearly 600 rifles and a batch of ammunition
The vast majority of the members of the Self-Defense Forces, who do not leave their homeland, eat and live in their own homes, and only a few eat and live in a large house arranged by the brigade headquarters, and there is a canteen in the residence. Among the people who ate and lived in the collective, some were bachelors, some were idle people, and An Zhenyou had more than 30 Japanese troops who had been collected from Zhangjiadian Nangou. The food needed for the canteen was mainly taken from the grain depot abandoned after the surrender of the Japanese Kou.
Members of the Self-Defense Forces generally perform only their obligations and do not enjoy any treatment or subsidies. However, there are exceptions. According to the recollection of the team member Sun Zhong'an, in October 1945, he and the members of the street film each received 4 bags of rice, which were taken from the grain depot abandoned after the defeat of the Japanese army (this grain depot was in the center of Luozigou Street, a large warehouse nailed with wooden planks).
The Self-Defense Forces do not have uniform clothing, mainly wearing home-made civilian clothes. There are also some people who wear The Japanese uniforms and hats collected by the wearers, and those who wear the Japanese hats are all torn off their hat badges. In addition, there were a very small number of team members who enjoyed the soviet uniforms collected (mainly from the battlefield).
All members of the Self-Defense Forces are required to participate in irregular military training (work when the farmer is busy, training when the farmer is idle). The training is mainly based on the company (tun) as the unit, and a few small tuns go to the nearby Dacun Tun (company) to participate in the training, such as Hedongtun has only one squad of self-defense team members, they will go to Shangjiantun to participate in the training. Self-defense forces members mainly participate in some simple military training subjects, such as: walking, lining up, shooting basic essentials, etc., the number of training is not much, once a month, individual villages also have 2 times a month, each time 1-2 days of training, the instructor is mainly a company commander or company deputy, and some also find some team members who understand some military common sense. The Street Self-Defense Forces were trained by Schindford, who had been a self-defense regiment during the puppet Manchu period.
Please pay attention to the next episode - the surrender of Japanese scattered troops
Thanks to the retired cadre Mr. Charonde for the historical information provided