Hu Zongnan, Huangpu I, the head of Chiang Kai-shek's thirteen Taibao, often regarded himself as a "prince", a general of the first class of the Kuomintang army, and repeatedly encircled and suppressed the Red Army.
In May 1932, he commanded the Kuomintang army to encircle and suppress the Red Fourth Front Army in Dabie Mountain, causing heavy casualties in the Red 10th Division and the Red 12th Division; in February 1935, he was appointed commander of the 2nd Column of the Third Route Army of the "Suppression of Bandits", participating in the encirclement and suppression of the Red Army of the Long March, in June, blocking the Long March of the Red Army in the Songpan area, blocking the Long March of the Red Army in the western Sichuan region in September; and in April 1936, he led the enemy 1st Army to attack the Red Army in northern Shaanxi, which did not end until the outbreak of the Xi'an Incident.
In 1940, in response to Chiang Kai-shek's call, he led the Kuomintang army not to fight the Japanese invaders, but instead attacked the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, constantly blocking and encroaching on the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Anti-Japanese Base Area, and building a blockhouse group with a length of more than 700 miles to blockade the border area.
In 1943, he conspired with Chiang Kai-shek to prepare a sneak attack on Yan'an, but fortunately, xiong Xianghui, an agent of our party who was lurking around him, informed the news in advance, so that the central authorities escaped the disaster.
The head of the Thirteen Taibao - Hu Zongnan
In July 1946, he led the reorganized 1st Army to cross the Yellow River in the south, planning to attack the Taiyue Corps with Yan Xishan, but was defeated by Chen Geng.
From July 1946 to February 1947, the mighty Kuomintang army launched an all-out offensive against the Liberated Areas, occupying 105 cities in the Liberated Areas in just 8 months, but also paying a heavy price, annihilating 710,000 people by the People's Liberation Army within 8 months, with an average of 7,000 people per city occupied, and these cities were all empty cities, and the masses of the people had long left. There were no supplies in the city, and the occupied cities had to be guarded by troops, and Chiang Kai-shek gradually felt that it was difficult to maintain an all-out offensive.
The more Chiang Kai-shek thought about it, the more he regretted it, why didn't he listen to the words of the American advisers, beat the snake seven inches, and capture the thief first to capture the king? So the battle plan of the key attack was formed in his mind.
Chiang Kai-shek changed the all-out offensive to the focus of the offensive, mainly attacking the Yan'an and Shandong Liberated Areas, and Hu Zongnan, as his proud student and current commander of the First Theater, naturally wanted to get his weight. Sure enough, Hu Zongnan was appointed commander-in-chief of the attack on the northern Shaanxi base areas.
On March 13, 1947, Hu Zongnan issued a combat order and led an army of 250,000 men to Yan'an in a murderous manner. The Kuomintang army was divided into two roads, the right road was the integrated 1st Army, the commander Dong Zhao, under the jurisdiction of the reorganized 1st Division (division commander Listed, under the jurisdiction of the 3 integrated brigades: 1st Brigade, Brigade Commander Wu Jun; 78th Brigade, Brigade Commander Shen Di, 167th Brigade, Brigade Commander Li Kungang), reorganized 27th Division (division commander Wang Yingzun, under the jurisdiction of 2 integrated brigades: 31st Brigade, Brigade Commander Li Jiyun, 47th Brigade, Brigade Commander Li Da) and the Reorganized 90th Division (Division Commander Chen Wu, under the jurisdiction of 2 integrated brigades: 53rd Brigade, Brigade Commander Deng Hongyi, 61st Brigade, Brigade Commander Deng Zhongmei) a total of 7 brigades, mainly attacking the northeast of Yan'an.
On the left side is the reorganized 29th Army, with commander Liu Jie, under the jurisdiction of the reorganized 36th Division (division commander Zhong Song, under the jurisdiction of 2 integrated brigades: 123rd Brigade, brigade commander Liu Ziqi, 165 brigade, brigade commander Li Riji), the reorganized 17th Division (division commander He Wending, under the jurisdiction of 3 integrated brigades: 12th Brigade, brigade commander Chen Zigan, 48th Brigade, brigade commander KangZhuang, 84th Brigade, brigade commander Zhang Qi) a total of 5 brigades, mainly attacking the southwest direction of Yan'an.
Liu Jie
The reorganized 76th Division (division commander Liao Ang, under the jurisdiction of two integrated brigades: the 24th Brigade, brigade commander Zhang Hanchu, the 135th Brigade, brigade commander Mai Zongyu) as the general reserve, to coordinate the two-way corps to fight.
In the face of Hu Zongnan's army, Chairman Mao made a wise decision, took the initiative to withdraw from Yan'an, and continued to stay in northern Shaanxi to deal with hu Zongnan's clique; the vast number of fighters did not understand the policy of withdrawing from Yan'an, and Chairman Mao persuaded the vast number of soldiers with sixteen characters, "If there are people who have lost their land, everyone will survive; if they have lost their land, everyone will lose their land." After understanding the policy, the vast number of fighters took the initiative to withdraw and fought a mobile war with the enemy.
In this way, Hu Zongnan attacked Yan'an in March 1947 to the end of 1949, stayed in the northwest for 2 years, except for the occupation of Yan'an, there were no results, the northwest field army has grown and developed, the northwest two horses have also been wiped out, Yan Xishan has been wiped out, Fu Zuoyi announced the uprising, Pingjin peaceful liberation, and the entire northwest region is left with only the lone Hu Zongnan.
On May 23, 1949, Chairman Mao and the Central Military Commission made an important decision, "Led by He Long into Sichuan", the specific deployment is as follows, a total of 350,000 people in 4 corps in Yiye, before the end of the year by Peng Dehuai led to occupy Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, after the completion of this strategic goal, and then divided into two roads, one led by Peng Dehuai, to continue to liberate the remaining northwest region, the other led by He Long into Sichuan, in coordination with Erye (Liu Deng's army) to liberate Guizhou, Sichuan, Xikang provinces.
Why did Chairman Mao let He Long bring troops into Sichuan in May 1949? The customer believes that there are mainly the following reasons:
First of all, on May 23, 1949, the three major battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai, and Pingjin were over, the Battle of Crossing the River was also victoriously over, and on April 24, the Battle of Taiyuan was also victoriously over, and the entire north except Erma and Hu Zongnan had been liberated, and Marshal He Long, who had been engaged in logistical, political, and financial work, had already had the conditions to leave the mountains.
He Long
Second, Marshal He Long took the initiative to give way and concentrate on doing a good job in the logistical, political, and financial work of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region and the Jinsui Region. But now that the work system has taken shape and the working methods have been set standards, it is only necessary to follow them, and moreover, Elder He is always a fierce general in battle, and as a general reserve, it is time to go out of the mountains to harvest.
Again, He Long was the most suitable candidate, Peng Dehuai was continuing to lead Yiye to liberate the remaining great northwest region that had not been liberated; Nie Rongzhen acted as chief of the general staff to assist Zhou Enlai in his work, and later did the work of deploying the Platon Army to liberate the great southwest and coastal islands, and there was no way to personally lead the troops to pursue Hu Zongnan; Xu Xiangqian was physically not allowed, he was commanded by illness in the Taiyuan Campaign, and now he needed to go to the rear to recuperate; He Long fought bravely and bravely, and if he commanded Ruoding, he could undertake the task of pursuing Hu Zongnan. This is also another reason why Chairman Mao asked Mr. He to come out of the mountain.
Finally, He Long's prestige in the People's Liberation Army is relatively high, in the case of Nie Rongzhen and Xu Xiangqian are not there, if there is only Zhou Shidi's command, slightly lack of prestige, if only command the troops of the North China Military Region, in fact, Zhou Shidi can be completely, but pursuing Hu Zongnan and launching the Chengdu Campaign is a coordinated battle of several major field armies, He Long's obvious prestige is more sufficient, at the time of the August 1 Nanchang Uprising, he was already a military commander, so comprehensive consideration, it is more appropriate for He Long to go on the expedition.
In accordance with the arrangements of the central authorities, He Long began to serve as the director of the Xi'an Military Control Commission from June 1949, and with the cooperation of Peng Dehuai, 4528 cadres and 1512 troops from the Northwest Military Region were concentrated in Linfen to prepare for the southward entry into Sichuan.
Just after everything was ready, on July 16, Chairman Mao sent a telegram directly to Liu Deng, ordering Liu Deng's 500,000-strong army to enter Sichuan from western Hunan, western Hubei, and northern Guizhou in September, and it was estimated that the Chongqing area could be occupied from November to December. At this time, He Long led 100,000 people from northern Sichuan into Sichuan, merged with Liu Deng's army to form the Southwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, and liberated the four provinces of Sichuan, Qian, Dian, and Kang.
Liu Bocheng, Deng Xiaoping, and He Long returned to Beijing before October 1 to attend the founding ceremony. On October 14, Chairman Mao presided over a meeting of the Central Military Commission in Beijing, at which Chairman Mao consulted He Long and asked him which team he would bring into Sichuan. After some thought and command, He Long decided to take the 18th Corps of the North China Field Army into Sichuan and abandon the originally prepared Ichino Unit.
After the meeting, the Central Military Commission agreed with He Long's opinion, and He Long led the 18th Corps, the 7th Division, and the 19th Army into Sichuan.
Hu Zongnan was in the northwest, still a large army group, but in November 1949, Hu Zongnan was afraid, why did this happen?
From August 12 to 16, 1949, the Battle of Lanzhou was victorious, and the main force of the Majia Army in the northwest was lost, which can almost be described as the total annihilation of the army; the victory of the Battle of Taiyuan, yan Xishan's entire army was destroyed, and he fled to Taiwan by plane; the Battle of Pingjin, Fu Zuoyi declared an uprising, and Beijing was peacefully liberated; and the Northeast Field Army had already crossed the Yangtze River in June, launched the Hengbao Campaign in mid-October to late October, and then launched the Guangxi Campaign, except for Hainan Island, which was preparing for war, and the six provinces of Henan, Hubei, Gansu, Hunan, Guangdong, and Guizhou were all liberated.
At this time, Hu Zongnan was like a turtle in an urn, and only a corner of the southwest could escape, but Chiang Kai-shek let him die for the sake of face, fantasizing about reorganizing the Ma family army to fight back.
Zhou Shidi
After some hesitation, Hu Zongnan still took the remnants of his troops into Sichuan and set up a defensive line at Qinling, and according to the operational policy of the central army marching into the southwest, He Long, Li Jingquan, and Zhou Shidi commanded the 18th Corps to launch the Qinling Campaign on August 29, and launched a feint attack along the front of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Highway with the 60th Army and the 61st Army, causing our army to move south along the Sichuan-Shaanxi Highway into Sichuan.
Hu Zongnan was really deceived, and he made the deployment of "resisting the communist army outside the border of Sichuan and taking Longnan and southern Shaanxi as the battlefield for a decisive battle."
Why did He Long pretend to attack? It was because at this time Erye had not yet completed the strategic encirclement of the Hu clique and had to buy erye enough time, so He Lao commanded the 18th Corps, which was not only really fighting, but also deliberately unable to break through, and still rested in the middle of the way, stopping and stopping, so that the enemy could not rest, could not escape, and focused all on southern Shaanxi and northern Sichuan.
Hu Zongnan's old mistake of exaggerating his words was committed again, and he asked Chiang Kai-shek for credit, and the communist army attacked Qinling several times, but all of them were repelled by our army, and it was foolproof to stick to Qinling. This created an illusion for Chiang Kai-shek that southern Shaanxi could hold on, and the focus of defense should be on northern Sichuan, so eastern Sichuan, western Sichuan, and southern Sichuan did not focus on defense.
He Long, commander-in-chief of the northern front, cooperated tacitly with Chairman Mao, and although he led thousands of troops and horses to kill the heavens on the northern front, he always pretended to be invincible, Hu Zongnan was led by the nose, and Chiang Kai-shek was also kept in the dark. 1
Panicked, Hu Zongnan could only withdraw his troops from the Qinling defensive line to the Western Sichuan Plain, preparing to flee from southern Sichuan to Yunnan and from western Sichuan to Xikang.
On December 1, 1949, Erye completed the great siege, Erye and Shiye had already crossed the river, and on December 9, Lu Han launched an uprising in Yunnan, and the way for Hu Zongnan's group to escape from southern Sichuan was blocked.
Luján
After the liberation of Chongqing, Chiang Kai-shek fled from Chongqing to Chengdu and began to prepare the battle plan for the Battle of Western Sichuan, but was defeated by the People's Liberation Army. Erye made rapid progress, quickly crossing the Min River, occupying the Leshan and Meishan lines, encircling the western Sichuan region, and completely cutting off Hu Zongnan's escape from western Sichuan to Xikang.
By this time, Hu Zongnan's clique was surrounded by the 18th Corps led by He Long in northern Sichuan, Erye in eastern Sichuan and western Sichuan, luhan in yunnan had revolted in southern Sichuan, and the remnants of Hu Zongnan's clique had been besieged by the Plaster in Sichuan.
Deng Xiaoping and Liu Bocheng sent a telegram to He Long, which could lead the Northern Route Army to accelerate its advance and form a north-south pincer-shaped offensive. From December 11, when He Long led the Northern Route Army south to the liberation of Chengdu on December 27, it took only 16 days.
At the critical moment, Hu Zongnan did not stay behind to coexist and die with the soldiers, but fled to Hainan Island by plane alone, and the remnants of Hu Zongnan who remained in Chengdu, except for a few who were annihilated, most of them revolted.
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