Text/Tai Shi Xun
▲ [Southern Song Dynasty] Mi Youren "Xiaoxiang Wonders" Collection of the Palace Museum
1.
During the Qingming Dynasty, apricot blossoms smoke and rain.
The pedestrians who were drenched in soup chickens lost their souls one by one, and only Du Mu thought about his heart and walked slowly through the sound of leaf beating through the forest.
Du Mu was looking for a tavern, as far as his eyes could see, but he didn't see the flag fluttering in the wind. Only the misty drizzle, like a knot in the liver and intestines, is still messy.
A shepherd boy approached, riding a cattle, leisurely. Du Mu secretly envied the other party, and the teenager did not know the taste of sorrow!
▲ [Southern Song Dynasty] Li Tang "Cattle Herding Map" Collection of the Palace Museum
Du Mu asked about the location of the tavern, and the shepherd boy pointed to the village hidden behind the dense forest in the distance. Du Mu Xie Bi continued Xu Xing. Halfway through, the poems gushed and groaned in the drizzle:
"During the Qingming Festival, it rains a lot, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls." Where is the restaurant? The shepherd boy refers to the apricot blossom village. ”
2.
Du Mu, the word Muzhi.
Sometimes, naming is a metaphysics, and names often determine a person's life.
As can be seen from the name, Du Mu is destined to be related to the shepherd boy.
Disassembling the word "mu" again, there is a "cow", and Du Mu happens to have a good relationship with a generation of famous cattle monks and Confucians. Although Du Mu himself had no intention of taking sides, he was often included in the bull party camp.
In addition, pastoralism was an official position in ancient times. Governors, known as "state pastors", such as Liu Bei served as yuzhou pastor. Du Mu spent his life in the eunuch sea, ups and downs, but he was in charge of one side (he served as the assassin of Huang, Chi, Mu, Hu and other states), which also alluded to the meaning of "state mu" in the name.
Du Mu also became associated with the number 13. He was ranked thirteenth, known as "Du Thirteen". Du Mu wrote thirteen articles of Sun Tzu's Notes, and his insights in the military field were not even inferior to those of Cao Cao, who also annotated Sun Tzu's Art of War.
3.
Far from it.
Du Mu was born in the Jingzhao Du clan and was of noble blood. At that time, there was a saying called "Seongnam Vedu, go to the sky ruler five". The Wei and Du families were both famous and prestigious families in the Tang Dynasty.
His grandfather Du You served as a feudal governor and served as Shangshu Right Minister (Wang Wei also held this official position, known as "Wang Youcheng"), and was honored as the Duke of Qiguo. Du You had high hopes for his grandson Du Mu and instilled knowledge in Du Mu all the time. Du Mu was rolling in the pile of books when he was young, with a thick foundation in literature and history, and practiced a solid writing boy skill.
After Du You's death, he was posthumously awarded the title of Taifu by the imperial court. Taifu is ranked as the third duke, is a positive product, can be described as prominent in life, and enjoys all the mourning glory behind him. However, when Du Mu's father, Du Congyu, fell in the middle of the family road, du Congyu only served as a Seven Pin Official.
When his father died, Du Mu was still young and had not yet become self-reliant, and the Du family completely fell from barely supporting to being destitute.
The Du family originally owned thirty rooms in Anrenli, because of the death of their father, the family was unable to repay the huge loan, and had to pay off the debt, and the property was returned to others.
The Du family moved to rent a house in the suburbs, the old slaves died of hunger and cold, and the young left with their masters, "can not be controlled."
Later, he could not even pay the rent, so he had to live in a ruined temple.
During the day, Du Mu and his younger brother Du Yan (yǐ) dig wild vegetables to eat. At night, the brothers rested on the temple pillars of the decaying beetle. The little girl who sold matches still had a few matches, and this pair of brothers could not even afford to buy candles, so they could only silently memorize the poems they had read during the day to survive the long cold night.
Such a hard day, Du Mu survived for three full years.
4.
After the dark night, it is dawn.
Du Mu walked through the arduous wind and rain road, and finally ushered in a moment of bitterness. Under the recommendation of the famous scholar Wu Wuling, he ranked fifth in the list of high school students, and his name shocked the world.
By the way, Wu Wuling is the one in the Wenyan text "The Record of Little Stone Pond" and is Liu Zongyuan's close friend. In the imperial examination that Du Mu participated in, there were 33 middle-ranking scholars.
The title of the gold list, Du Mu was ecstatic, "tons of tons and tons" poured wine. It is also reasonable to think about it, after all, Fan Jin only lifted people in the examination, and he was "happy and crazy".
With the joy of great victory, Du Mu wrote a poem to give to his old friend.
"And the Later Sending of the Chang'an Deceased"
The Eastern Capital did not blossom, and thirty-three people walked back.
Qindi teenagers make more wine, and they have already brought spring colors into the guan.
5.
In fact, before entering the examination, Du Mu had already been famous in Kyushu.
The reigning emperor at that time was Li Zhan, the Emperor Jingzong of Tang, and Li Zhan was a playful young tianzi. At the beginning of his ascension to the throne, Li Zhan still knew how to govern, and later the frequency of the early dynasty became less and less frequent.
Where has the time gone? Play!
Li Zhan was either having a party or playing polo. He loves to play polo, and he also lets the warriors of the Divine Strategy Army play with him.
For a while, Li Zhan became obsessed with hunting. During the day, I was not happy, and at night I continued to fight the night fox.
In addition, Li Zhan also built dragon boats and palaces. Du Mu heard about Li Zhan's absurdity and angrily composed "A Fang Gong Fu".
In this ancient and strange text, Du Mu summarized the reasons for the collapse of the Qin Dynasty: Qin love was extravagant. The epilogue reads: "The Qin people do not have time to mourn themselves, and the posterity mourns; the posterity mourns and does not learn from it, and also makes the posterity mourn the future generations." The irony was extremely strong, but unfortunately Li Zhan estimated that he could not understand it, or had never read it at all.
The wayward Li Zhan, who was eventually killed by a castrated dog, was only 17 years old.
6.
The year Du Mu wrote "A Fang Gong Fu", he was only 23 years old. With it, Du Mu became a blockbuster in the literary world.
Three years later, Du Mu was admitted to the jinshi again.
One day, he and a few fellow jinshi walked in the spring, passed by the Shanmen Zen Temple, and went in to offer incense.
Although Du Mu at this time could be called "no one in the world knows the king", the monk only came as an ordinary pilgrim.
The monk did not know who Du Mu was, and it was inevitable that Du Mu would feel lost and discouraged. Du Mu could not help but secretly admire that zen doors were pure and had no quarrel with the world, and the monks "did not hear about the external affairs of the temple with both ears, and only chanted the sutras and worshiped the Buddha" with one heart.
After leaving, Du Mu wrote:
The North Que Nanshan Mountain is the hometown, and the two branches of Xian Gui are temporarily fang.
Hugh Gong is not well-known surname, and he feels that the Zen Gate smells long.
What is the name of "two branches of xiangui and a moment of fang"? One branch refers to Grandpa Du You, and the other branch is himself. However, no matter how good the family lineage is, no matter how great the reputation is, the senior monks do not hear of it!
7.
A few years later, Du Mu was fortunate to meet Bo Le, a cattle monk who was then the envoy of Huainan Jiedushi, and stayed under his account for more than ten years.
Interestingly, Du Mu's brother Du Yan served as an aide at Li Deyu's mansion. Although Niu Monk Ru and Li Deyu are both capable subjects, "capable people are light", and Niu and Li are sworn enemies. The Cattle and Lee Party Struggle, which was raging in the Middle and Tang Dynasties, was a struggle between the two camps headed by them.
Du Mu and his younger brother Du Yan did not stay together, just like Zhuge Liang and Zhuge Jin, divided into Shi Shu and Wu, each as their masters.
8.
The seat of the cattle monks was located in Yangzhou. The old proverb: Yang one benefits two. In the vernacular, it is explained that "there is heaven on the top and benefits on the bottom". In short, Yangzhou and Yizhou have been good places since ancient times, with picturesque scenery, tourists like weaving, peddlers like clouds, talents like rain, beautiful women like jade...
Although the cow monks love talent, Du Mu is young after all. Du Mu only served as the chief secretary of the Niu Mansion, which was an official served by gao shi in the same dynasty and the later Xin Zhiyi and other great literary heroes.
But for Gao Shi, Xin Zhiyi, etc., the "palm secretary" is ultimately a big deal. In the future, Gao Appropriate made a modest envoy, quelled the rebellion of the Yong King, and made great contributions; Xin abandoned the disease and chased the murderer for thousands of miles, hand-bladed traitors, and went to the "Ten Treatises on Meiqin" to train the Flying Tiger Army. All this proves that Gao Shi and Xin Zhiyi really have great talents, and it is inevitable that they will be humiliated by being given the title of secretary.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Pang Tong's appearance was strange, and Liu Bei did not look at it at first, but only threw it to Pang Tong's "Lingyang County Order" and other minor officials, and then sent away. Therefore, Pang Tong, who has the talent of heaven and earth, drinks wine every day and ignores government affairs. After Zhang Fei heard about it, he was angry and almost tied up Pang Tong and whipped him a few hundred times. Pang Tong said: "Measure a hundred miles of small counties, some small official affairs, why is it difficult to decide!" Pang Tong told Zhang Fei not to be impatient, shake his spirits, and complete the long-backlog of government affairs in minutes. After Zhuge Liang learned of this, he pointedly pointed out: "If a great sage is in a small position, he is often confused by wine and tired of seeing things. ”
Therefore, when Du Mu was in charge of the secretary, as soon as he finished his business, he drilled into the pile of beautiful women, drank wine and bubbled up, and let loose skeletons...
Fearing that he would have an accident, his boss, Niu Monk Ru, secretly dispatched 30 sergeants disguised as pedestrians to follow him.
In 835, the imperial court transferred Du Mu to Chang'an to take up his post. At the time of parting, the cow monk Confucian earnestly exhorted Xiao Du to pay attention to his style of life in the future. Du Mu thought to himself that no one knew, so he waved his hand to ask the leader to rest assured.
The cow monk laughed and said nothing, and instructed his subordinates to hold out a thick pile of books, which recorded in detail:"A certain night, Secretary Du passed through a certain family, no harm", "A certain night, feasting on a certain family, and so on".
Du Mu was both remorseful and moved.
Regrettably, he wasted a lot of time in the wind and snow, and shamelessly tried to deceive his superiors.
Touching, the boss silently sent someone to guard him. The boss who cares so much about himself is definitely a Bole and a forgetful friend.
Du Mu failed to live up to the weight of the cattle monk, and his heart was full of mixed tastes, and he "wept and thanked" on the spot.
Later, Du Mu wrote a poem to repent:
Luo Tuojianghu carried the wine line, and the waist of Chu was slender and light in the palm.
Ten years of Yangzhou dream, won the Qinglou Bo fortunate name.
9.
Despite this, Du Mu still did not change his past style.
Not long after arriving in Chang'an, Du Mu wrote a poem to send to the Huainan Jiedu envoy Judge Han Qi. At that time, when Du Mu was serving as the secretary in Yangzhou, they were colleagues at work and close friends in private.
Poetry Cloud:
The green mountains are hidden by the water, and the grass in jiangnan has not withered in autumn.
On the night of the bright moon on the Twenty-Fourth Bridge, where does the jade people teach blowing pipes?
Du Mu teased Han Yu in a relaxed tone: "Brother, which great beauty are you listening to at the moment?"
▲ Du Mu met Zhang Haohao, a singer who had a good feeling for each other in the past, so he composed "Zhang Haohao's Poem", which is wonderful in poetry and strong in words.
10.
In Chang'an, Du Mu was very depressed, and he vaguely felt the undercurrent surging under the surface of political calm. "The mountain rain is about to come and the wind is full of buildings", and a big change is about to break out. Therefore, he claimed to be ill and asked to be transferred to Luoyang, and the imperial court approved.
Du Mu came to Luoyang. There is a local Situ named Li Yuan, who has a lot of dancers in the family and lives a luxurious life.
Once, Li Situ threw a big banquet and invited all his colleagues to attend, but du Mu was invited. This may be due to Du Mu's special status. Du Mu was then serving as a royal historian and had the rank of inspector of hundreds of officials. Li Situ opened a luxurious feast, of course, he would not send an invitation to Du Mu of the Discipline Inspection Commission.
Without admitting it, Du Mu did not want to miss this party and took the initiative to attend the banquet.
When Li Situ and his colleagues saw Lord Yushi present, they would be more or less restrained. Du Mu probably also sensed the subtle change in the atmosphere, and he frequently toasted to Li Situ while letting the singers "play music and dance".
After three rounds of drinking, Du Mu inquired about Ziyun, who was the best among the dancers.
Li Situ pointed, and Du Mu stared at Ziyun for a long time and exclaimed, "The name is not worthy!" ”
Li Situ leaned over and laughed, and the dancers couldn't help but laugh.
Du Mu poured himself a few more drinks, got up and stepped down the stairs, and chanted aloud: "Huatang opened today, who summoned the division of The Imperial History to come." Suddenly, the crazy words filled the seats, and the two lines of red pink returned for a while. ”
Its "idle spirit, if there is no one around", the end is a talented person!
11.
Not long after staying in Luoyang, what Du Mu was worried about happened.
Also in 835 AD, the "Ganlu Revolution" broke out in Chang'an. The imperial court officials plotted to get rid of the eunuchs with monopoly power, but due to an error in a certain link in the intermediate process, the heavy ministers and many scholars were killed by the eunuchs.
Shi Zai: "Relatives die without asking questions, children are not left behind, wives and daughters are not dead, and they are not officials." ”
The eunuchs used the cruel method of "slashing at the door" against the heavy courtiers and many scholars. Men killed them all, not even children. Their wives and daughters were not admitted to the ministry (official brothel) and remained concubines for life.
Although Du Mu was lucky enough to escape this fate, he realized that the imperial court was controlled by a group of dead eunuchs, and he felt depressed and began to shift his mind elsewhere.
He recalled the prosperity of zhenguan and wrote, "Qing Shi has taste is incompetent, idle love lonely clouds quiet love monk." If you want to take a river and sea, enjoy the original look at the ZhaoLing Tomb."
He passed by the Huaqing Palace and wrote that "Chang'an looked back at the embroidered piles, and the thousand doors on the top of the mountain were opened for the first time." A red dust concubine laughed, and no one knew that it was a lychee coming."
He moored the ship qinhuai and wrote "smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night mooring Qinhuai near the restaurant." The merchant girl did not know the hatred of the country, and sang the backyard flowers across the river."
Relying on the ancient battlefield, he wrote that "the iron that folded the sand and sinks is not sold, and he will grind and wash himself to recognize the former dynasty." The East Wind does not go with Zhou Lang, and the Copper Bird Spring Deep Lock Er Qiao".
He lay down to enjoy the night, and wrote "Silver candle autumn light cold painting screen, light small fan fluttering fireflies." The night is as cool as water, lying down to see the morning glory Vega."
He lingered in the spring of Jiangnan and wrote "Thousands of miles of warblers crying green and red, water village mountain Guo wine flag wind." Four hundred and eighty temples in the southern dynasty, how many buildings in the smoke and rain."
He sang the mountain green heron white, and wrote "Snow clothes and snow hair green jade mouth, group fishing children in the shadows of the stream." Flying far away to the Bishan Mountains, a tree of pear blossoms fell in the evening wind."
He looked at the layers of forest and wrote, "Far up the stone path of the Cold Mountain, there is a family in Baiyunsheng." Parking to sit in love maple forest at night, frost leaves red in February flowers."
For the sake of his confidant, he wrote that "amorous but always seems to be ruthless, only to feel that he can't laugh in front of the bottle." The candle has the heart to say goodbye, and weeps for people until dawn."
He paid his poet friend Zhang Hu and wrote that "the eyelashes are not seen in front of the eyes, and the Tao is not outside the body." Whoever is like Zhang Gongzi, a thousand poems light ten thousand households."
He made a ten-year covenant and wrote, "Since it is late to seek spring, there is no need to worry about the time of resentment." The wind fell a deep red, and the green leaves became full of branches."
He mourned the overlord of Western Chu and wrote, "The victorious and defeated soldiers are unexpected, and the shame and shame of the bag are boys." Jiangdong's sons are many heroes, and the comeback is unknown."
He praised the hero and wrote", "Bending the bow to fight as a boy, in his dreams he used to be with thrushes." A few times si returned the wine, whisked the clouds on the pile to wish Ming Concubine."
……
12.
In Du Mu's life, there are two key words: Yongshi & Beauty.
"YongShi" originated from Du Mu's family study. Grandpa Du You was a historian who created the imperial masterpiece "General Code" on the history of the canon system. Daddy Du congyu is also a Hongru. Du Mu had heard about it since childhood, so he had a strong interest in wenshisheng. Therefore, when Du Mu grew up, he could write "Afang Gongfu", "Title Wujiang Pavilion", "Chibi" and so on.
A person like him who is happy to say that the king is hegemonic must have the lofty ambition of applying to the world and making steady progress.
The ideal is very full, the reality is too bone.
Eunuchs once controlled the government, and even if Du Mu was lucky to be able to protect himself, let alone show his ambitions? Du Mu turned to love landscapes and beauties.
Finally, when the eunuch lost his position, he was caught up in the whirlpool of party strife. In the Niu-Li party struggle, Li Deyu gradually gained the upper hand. Du Mu, who was regarded as a member of the Bull Party, was suppressed everywhere. Political enemies pushed him out of the court, and he was often relegated to remote areas. In his later years, Du Mu, who was accustomed to seeing all kinds of dark sides and unspoken rules, was completely discouraged by his political career, and even took the initiative to request release.
13.
During the Warring States period, the Xin Lingjun was righteous and wealthy, and the diners under the door were abundant.
Xin Lingjun had two highlight moments in his life.
Once, he stole the charm to save Zhao and frustrated the Qin army.
The other time was to wear the marshal seal of the Five-Nation Alliance, first defeating Meng Tian (the one who built the Great Wall), and then angrily knocking on The Valley Pass.
Unfortunately, the King of Wei was caught in the divisive scheme and suspected Xin Lingjun for no reason. The Xinling Jun, who had the talent of a hero, was no longer useful. Ambition is difficult to reward, so he borrows wine to pour sorrow; he is alienated by the king, and simply throws himself into the arms of a beautiful woman.
Qing Dynasty scholar Qian Yong analyzed it well: the ancient hero was unmotivated, and he ended with a drunken woman.
Alas, there was Xin Lingjun before and Du Muzhi in the back, both of which were the same.
Key References:
1. Wikipedia entry — Du Mu; 2. Baidu Encyclopedia entry — Li Zhan; 3. Zhao Huaide's Commentary on Du Mu's Life; 4. [Tang] Yu Yi 'Yangzhou Dream'; 5. [Yuan] Xin Wenfang "Biography of Tang Caizi"
Image source: [Southern Song Dynasty] Li Tang "Jin Wen Gong Fu Guo Tu" (Metropolitan Museum collection). The pictures used in this article belong to the relevant rights holders, if there is improper use, please contact the relevant rights holders to delete them.