According to the Chinese Astronomical Almanac, the time of the Qingming Festival in 2022 is 3:20 a.m. on April 5, 2022 in the Gregorian calendar. Tuesday, the fifth day of the third month of the lunar calendar. Although it is said that April 5 of the Gregorian calendar is the Qingming Festival every year, the time of the annual festival is not fixed, such as the Qingming time in 2021 is 21:34 on April 4.
The Qingming Solar Term is the fifth solar term in spring and the fifth of the twenty-four solar terms. Among the folk festivals that have been passed down to this day, only Qingming is a folk tradition festival with both festivals and festivals. The Qingming Festival, along with the Spring Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, is known as the four traditional festivals in China. On May 20, 2006, the Qingming Festival was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
The English language for Ching Ming Festival is: Ching Ming Festival. The Short Film Countdown to China's 24 Solar Terms for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics translates the Qingming Festival as Pure Brightness. Clarity is pure brightness.
Qingming Festival is one of the important traditional festivals in China, it is a festival that carefully pursues the distant and sacrifices the ancestors, it originates from the ancestral beliefs and spring rituals of the ancient times, and is a fusion of spring festivals such as the Cold Food Festival and the Shangwei Festival in ancient times.
In ancient times, it is said that the fourth day of the third month of the lunar calendar of the Cold Food Festival was set up to commemorate the Spring and Autumn Period of the Jin Dynasty loyal minister Jiezi Tui, but also the family of the old and young to sweep the tomb, walk on the green, picnic festival; and the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar shangwei (si) festival is the most important festival held in ancient times to hold the "qi away from the side bath" activities, people go to the water's edge to bathe, called "Qi Yu", and add sacrifice feasts, meandering water flow, suburban spring and other content. The Cold Food Festival and the Shangwei Festival become one, and the Qingming Festival is also given a richer meaning - new life and hope.
Song Dynasty poet Ouyang Xiu's "Picking Mulberries - Qingming Shangwei West Lake Is Good": Qingming Shangwei West Lake is good and prosperous. Fight over whose house. Green willow zhu wheel walking tungsten car. Tourists are going to go at dusk, waking up drunk and noisy. The road turns diagonally. Until the head of the city is always flowers.
The whole poem depicts a style painting of the Qingming period in Yingzhou West Lake through the close-up shot of Zhu Lundian fighting over the road and tourists returning from the flowers. Borrow the prosperity of the Qingming Festival to praise the beauty of the West Lake. Each sentence in the word has a rich connotation, and the whole word constitutes a vivid and magnificent picture of the spring tour.
"Bustling" is at the heart of the word. The characteristics of being full of prosperity are reflected in the depiction of tourists, which is also the focus of the work.
First, there are many tourists. "Fight over whose house, green willow Zhu wheel to take the tungsten car." Wrote about two different kinds of tourists, one is a rider and the other is a hiker. The number of cars will cause people to compete for guidance; the crowd will also appear to be a scene of contention, showing a tour of the hub shoulder. The word "noisy" is also used to highlight the large number of tourists from the perspective of sound, and in places such as the West Lake, there is a sense of people boiling, and the scene of pedestrians bustling around can be imagined.
The second is the joy of tourists. From the description of pedestrians "fighting for whose house", a cheerful and active atmosphere has been heard, and then it is written that when the tourists return at dusk, they use the word "wake up drunk", which is even more full of the joyful looks of the tourists. Some of them are dedicated to touring and enjoying the spring scenery; some are drinking on the scene, taking a drunken break, each indulging in the way they like, and returning home with pleasure. In short, tourists gathered and laughed and talked.
The third is the ending of "until the head of the city is always flowers", which shows the beautiful scenery and the happy state of tourists. Flowers - both refer to the blooming of flowers on the roadside from the West Lake to Yingzhou City, and when it refers to the flowers on the heads of the people on the upstream of the road. During the Tang and Song dynasties, people had the custom of picking flowers and hairpins, both men and women. For example, Du Mu's "Nine Days of Qi'an Ascending" wrote: "It is rare for the earthly world to open a smile, and chrysanthemums must be inserted into the head." Su Shi's "Second Rhyme Su Bogu Master Book Heavy Nine" said: "The weight of the bun is not too yellow chrysanthemum, and the hand fragrance is new and green orange rubbing." It can be seen that "there are always flowers until the head of the city", which is written about the scene of people returning home in spring, and the flowers on their heads are flowing back to the city, and the flowers blooming on the roadside are intertwined. Just like Su Shi's "Appreciation of Peonies at the Auspicious Temple", which records the scene of the drunken return of the hairpin flower: "The old hairpin flower is not ashamed of itself, and the flower should be ashamed of the old man's head." Drunken passers-by should laugh, and the ten-mile bead curtain is half hooked. ”
In 1045, in the fifth year of the Northern Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty Emperor Renzong Zhao Zhenqing calendar, the New Deal of the Qing Calendar was terminated, and in September, Ouyang Xiu was demoted to Chuzhou in present-day Chuzhou, Anhui Province, and in the first month of the eighth year of the Qing Calendar in 1048, Ouyang Xiu was transferred to Yangzhou as Zhizhou. In February of the first year of emperor Renzong of Song's reign in February 1049, Ouyang Xiu was transferred to Yingzhou in present-day Fuyang, Anhui Province, at the age of 43. Ouyang Xiu served in Yingzhou for one year and five months, and in late July of the second year of emperor's reign, he changed his name to Tianfu in present-day Shangqiu Zhizhou, Henan.
The ancient Yingzhou West Lake was a famous tourist attraction at that time, named after Fuyang after the Northern Wei Dynasty, and was called the Four Great West Lakes of China together with Hangzhou West Lake, Huizhou West Lake and Yangzhou Slender West Lake.
Ouyang Xiu, who had just moved from Yangzhou to Yingzhou, was intoxicated by the beautiful scenery there, and in January, Emperor Renzong of Song wrote "West Lake Drama to Show Fellow Travelers": Han Xiang Qing painting floated, so that Junning remembered Yangzhou. All will be twenty-four bridges in exchange for the West Lake ten acres of autumn.
Yangzhou's Slender West Lake is not beautiful, the Twenty-Four Bridges can not be said to be unnamed, Du Mu said, "Twenty-four Bridges bright moon night, where do the jade people teach blowing pipes?" There is also a sentence of Xu Ning, "The world is three clear moons and nights, and the two rogues are Yangzhou", which has made the beauty of Yangzhou famous all over the world. In the poem, Ouyang Xiu still took a high look at the West Lake of Yingzhou and loved it. Su Shi once compared yingzhou west lake with Hangzhou west lake in a poem, "a thousand rises and disappears in a dust, and I do not feel who is male and female in Hangzhou". But Yangzhou people use a "thin" word to express self-knowledge. Not sure which West Lake you like.
Sure enough, Ouyang Xiu chose Yingzhou as the place to live in his later years, traveled to and from it many times, and wrote ten poems in a row, "Picking Mulberries" and chanting the beautiful scenery of the West Lake. These ten poems have a beautiful mood and different styles. This poem "Picking Mulberries - Qingming Shangwei West Lake Good" is one of them.
It can be seen that Yingzhou West Lake was designated as the crown of the West Lake in the world in ancient times. The Southern Song Dynasty began to divert the Yellow River, the West Lake was filled with sediment, and the beauty of the past no longer exists.
Qingming Festival, read the literary scholar Li Yu in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,"A Day of The Qingming Festival": Just after leaving the chaotic world, do not say that the sun is shining. The ground is cold and easy to eat, and it is difficult to smoke smoking. The battlefield flowers are snow, and the road willows are whips. Deserted mountains, by whom to send paper money?
This is a special seasonal poem produced by the era of war and chaos. In July of the third year of Qing Shunzhi in 1646, the Qing army captured Jinhua, "Wucheng attacked the southwest corner, and the heads fell like rain for three days." Li Yu, 36, witnessed the disaster and was filled with grief and indignation. The next year' Qingming Festival came, the spring light, flowers and willows, and customs in the poem, filtered by the eyes of a refugee, all the scenes were cast over a layer of war, and the atmosphere was miserable, reflecting the turbulent life and sad emotions of the people in the war.
In any case, war hurts humanity the hardest.
2022 Qingming Festival, cherish this hard-won good time, and praise the strong motherland!