As the Qingming Dynasty approaches, when we pay tribute to and commemorate our ancestors, we should not forget those heroes and martyrs who made sacrifices and sacrifices for the independence and liberation of the nation and for the prosperity and strength of the country.
Shanxi is known as "the hometown of the Eighth Route Army and the cradle of the sons and disciples". During those glorious years, the people of Shanxi waged an arduous struggle under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and composed magnificent poems that could be sung and wept.
In June 2017, Xi Jinping inspected Shanxi, and the first stop was Xing County, Lüliang City, to present flower baskets to the revolutionary martyrs of Jinsui Border District, and bowed deeply three times... "An inch of mountains and rivers, an inch of blood, a hot soil and a soul." "Xi Jinping has always remembered the spirit of Lüliang, the spirit of the Long March, and the spirit of Jinggangshan that were conceived during the revolutionary war... He repeatedly stressed: "We must continue to follow the footsteps of our revolutionary predecessors" and "let the red gene be passed on from generation to generation."
Every drop of blood will not be shed in vain, every sacrifice is worth remembering, and countless revolutionary martyrs are like the most shining coordinates one after another, illuminating our way forward.
Today, let us relive history together and pay tribute to the martyrs.
Gao Junyu's former residence
The former residence of Gao Junyu is located in Fenglingdi Village, Loufu County, Taiyuan City. The park displays inscriptions of Comrades Peng Zhen, Bo Yibo, Xu Deyan and other comrades, as well as photos and cultural relics of Gao Junyu's life deeds. In the center of the lower courtyard there is a bronze statue of Gao Junyu. The former residence of Gao Junyu is a national patriotic education demonstration base and a national red tourism classic scenic spot.
The yellow land came out of Shanxi's first Chinese Communist Party member
In 1919, Gao Junyu, as the head of the Peking University Student Union, participated in and led the May Fourth Patriotic Movement, taking the lead in rushing to the Zhao Family Building and burning the residence of the traitor Cao Rulin. Under the influence of the May Fourth Movement, the Beijing Socialist Youth League was founded, and he was elected as the first secretary. Gao Junyu was one of the people who sowed the seeds of Marxism in early China, and an early theoretician of the CCP. Later, he attended the First Congress of Communist Parties and National Revolutionary Groups of the Far East of the Communist International and was received by Lenin. He led the "27th" strike on the Beijing-Hankou Railway, assisted Dr. Sun Yat-sen in reorganizing the Kuomintang, and served as the director of the Kuomintang Beijing Municipal Special Party Department, making important contributions to promoting the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation. In March 1924, Gao Junyu participated in leading the strike of Shamian workers in Guangzhou, and in October of the same year, he and Zhou Enlai were wounded and hospitalized in assisting Sun Yat-sen in quelling the "Shang Tuan" rebellion. In January 1925, on his way back to Beijing after attending the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai, Gao Junyu was entrusted by Zhou Enlai to visit Deng Yingchao in Tianjin and brought Zhou Enlai's letter, becoming the "red bride" of Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao.
The Red Story of Takashi's Love
In the pine forest of Beijing's Taoranting Park stands two white marble tombstones close together, where Gao Junyu and Shi Pingmei rest in peace. Shi Pingmei was born in 1902 in a scholarly school in Pingding County, Shanxi Province, and was admitted to the Beijing Women's Higher Normal School in 1919. Soon she won the reputation of "Talented Woman in Beijing" in the literary circles of Beijing.
The two of them met at the guild hall, and after several years of interaction, they developed sincere and pure feelings for each other. Junyu once wrote a poem on the autumn leaves to express his love for Pingmei, but was euphemistically rejected by Pingmei. Until Junyu was critically ill, Pingmei agreed with her heart.
Gao Junyu's sudden death dealt a great blow to Shi Pingmei, who felt that she was too fragile and indecisive to combine with Gao Junyu early. On Gao Junyu's tombstone, Shi Pingmei wrote: Gao Junyu Martyrs' Tomb and the statues of Gao Junyu and Shi Pingmei in The Gongyin of Taoranting in Beijing " Junyu, I am powerless to hold on to your life as a comet, and I can only shed the remaining tears to your grave until I can't see you." ”
Grief-stricken, she was killed by an illness at the age of 26. She was buried next to the grave of someone she had always loved. Since then, these two almost identical tombstones have stood next to this pine-covered Jinqiu pier. In 1956, Premier Zhou Enlai stressed the need to preserve the "tomb of Gaoshi", saying: "There is no contradiction between revolution and love, and it is also an education for young people." Tao Ranting's "Tomb of Gaoshi" records a poignant and moving tragedy of love, recording the difficult journey of two young people struggling for their ideals.
Peng Zhen's life and the memorial hall of the former site of the Taiyuan branch of the Communist Party of China
The Memorial Hall of Peng Zhen's Life and the Former Site of the Taiyuan Branch of the Communist Party of China is located on the shore of Wenying Lake in Taiyuan Children's Park. Built in 2002, the memorial hall displays objects and pictures about the Taiyuan branch of the Communist Party of China and the revolutionary deeds of Gao Junyu, He Chang and Peng Zhen.
The birth of the first party organization in Shanxi
On May 4, 1919, the May Fourth Anti-Imperialist Patriotic Movement that broke out in Beijing was like a spring thunder that resounded through the clouds, breaking the dreary situation since the Xinhai Revolution, and Marxism was widely spread and spread to the land of the Three Jins. Shanxi Civilian Weekly, the first progressive journal in Shanxi to disseminate new ideas and culture and attack feudal rule, was launched in August of the same year at Shanxi Provincial Liyi Middle School.
On May 1, 1921, under the guidance of Gao Junyu, the pioneer of the communist movement in Shanxi, the Taiyuan Socialist Youth League was formally established, which vigorously propagated Marxism and paid attention to the student movement and the workers' movement, thus promoting the political consciousness and organizational level of the working class.
In May 1924, Gao Junyu, an executive member of the Beijing District Committee of the Communist Party of China, returned to Shanxi according to the instructions of the district committee to create a local organization of the Communist Party of China in Shanxi and plan the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China in Shanxi. In the summer of the same year, the Taiyuan branch of the CPC was established in the provincial no. 1 Middle School, and the division of labor between the party and the group was implemented, and the league organization was placed under the leadership of the party, and the participants and leaders of the branch responsible for the patriotic movement were Li Yutang, Zhang Shuping, Fu Maogong (Peng Zhen) and others.
After the establishment of the local organization of the CPC in Shanxi, it led the struggle against Yan Xishan's forced housing tax and expressed solidarity with the May Thirtieth Anti-Imperialist Patriotic Movement. As a result of these struggles, a number of outstanding young people, such as Wang Ying, Wang Hongjun, Deng Guodong, Wang Ming, and Zhou Yulin of the Provincial No. 1 Middle School, have successively been transformed from league members to party members.
In December 1925, the Taiyuan Local Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China was established, with Secretary Cui Horen, members Wang Hongjun and Zhou Yulin, and alternate members Wang Ying and Liu Shouwei. By March 1927, the number of Communists in Taiyuan had grown to more than 400, more than 20 party branches had been established, and party organizations had been established not only in schools and factories, but also in the Shanxi garrison, and party branches were established. In order to facilitate the management of many grass-roots branches, the Taiyuan Prefectural Committee also set up two ministries and commissions in the south and north, bounded by the east and west Yangshi Avenues.
In the practice of revolutionary struggle, the Shanxi Party organization was tempered and developed, and on May 19, 1927, the Shanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China was established. At this time, the province had established five prefectural committees of the CPC Taiyuan, Yuci, Fenyang, Jincheng and Linfen, and established party organizations in more than 30 counties, with the number of party members reaching more than 1,500.
Yangquan Hundred Regiments War Memorial Hall (stele)
Hundred Regiments War Memorial Hall (monument)
The Hundred Regiments War Memorial Hall (monument) is located on the main peak of Lion's Brain Mountain, 5 kilometers south of Yangquan City, and was built in 1985. The memorial hall is divided into two exhibition halls, "Amazing Feats, Brilliant Achievements", "Heroic Epic, Magnificent Project", "Immortal Spirit, Profound Teachings" and the four major parts of the calligraphy and painting of the Hundred Regiments Station, which vividly reproduce the heroic achievements of the Hundred Regiments War with more than 100 precious photos and pictures.
The Monument to the Battle of the Hundred Regiments (main monument) is 40 meters high and resembles a sharp bayonet. Engraved on the front is Peng Zhen's inscription: "Brilliant achievements, forever in the annals of history." On both sides are Xu Qianqian's inscription: "The martyrs who participated in the Hundred Regiments War in the West will never die", and Bo Yibo's inscription: "The Hundred Regiments War, the most glorious page in the War of Resistance Against Japan, will surely be recorded in the annals of history and will always shine."
Battle of the Hundred Regiments
In the winter of 1939, the Japanese army implemented the so-called "cage" policy in the anti-Japanese base areas in North China. In order to reverse the difficult situation of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in North China and support the nationwide War of Resistance, in August 1940, the Eighth Route Army mobilized 105 regiments to launch a large-scale traffic sabotage operation in the battlefield behind the enemy in North China, pulling out the enemy's bunkers and strongholds close to the base areas, blowing up railways, bridges, and highways, and making the Japanese army's communication lines stalled, known in history as the "Hundred Regiments War." The campaign lasted nearly 4 months, a total of 1824 large and small battles, killed and wounded more than 20,000 Japanese troops, more than 5,000 puppet troops, captured more than 280 Japanese troops, and puppet troops1. More than 80,000 people and captured a large number of weapons and ammunition.
The relatively large battles are: the Battle of Garrison Lion Brain Mountain, the Battle of Shitai Railway, the Battle of Kangjiahui, the Battle of Ciyugou, the Strong Attack on Yushe City, the Battle of Sanjia Village, the Battle of Dongtuanbao, and the Battle of Guanjia'an. The campaign dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese puppet army, shattering the Japanese army's "cage" policy and dream of "quickly resolving the Chinese incident". The Battle of the Hundred Regiments was a large-scale battle in which the Chinese army took the initiative to attack the Japanese army during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, which brought out the prestige of the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians behind the enemy lines, inspired the confidence of the people of the whole country in winning the victory of the War of Resistance, and strategically and effectively supported the Kuomintang in the frontal battlefield.
Red Story: Nie Rongzhen and japanese orphans
In 1940, during the Hundred Regiments War, Kiyoshi Kato, deputy station chief of the Japanese side of the Jingxing Coal Mine Railway Station, and his wife were killed in artillery fire, leaving behind two daughters. The soldiers of the Eighth Route Army risked their lives to rescue them and send them to Nie Rongzhen's front-line command post. Nie Rongzhen personally went to the Japanese barracks in Shijiazhuang and handed over a letter to the Japanese army, in which he expressed his desire for peace and his determination to fight to the end for national liberation.
In the autumn of 1980, when mihoko, a young Japanese girl in the photo of that year, came to Visit China, she had tears in her eyes and touched Nie Rongzhen's warm hands with her forehead to express her deep gratitude. Mihoko said that after some Japanese soldiers learned the ins and outs of this incident, they were very touched and ashamed, and they became even more aware of the evils of the war of aggression against China. Nie Rongzhen said, "Let's turn Gange into a jade warrior!" The Japanese nation is a industrious and wise nation, and I hope that the Chinese and Japanese peoples will continue to be friendly from generation to generation and will never see each other in arms. "It fully demonstrates the broad mind and revolutionary humanitarian spirit of the Chinese Communists, as well as the national soul of the Chinese people who love peace and cherish life."
ZuoQuan Martyrs Cemetery
Zuoquan Martyrs Cemetery is located in the center of Zuoquan County, built in 1945, sitting north to south, covering an area of 3335 square meters, with a construction area of 872 square meters. Inside the memorial hall, there are resumes, photographs and physical materials reflecting the revolutionary career of General Zuo Quan, as well as elegy inscriptions written by the leaders of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China after the sacrifice of General Zuo Quan. There are also collections of nostalgic articles written by Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, Liu Bocheng, Deng Xiaoping, Nie Rongzhen and other proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation to mourn General Zuo Quan, as well as more than 100 revolutionary cultural relics from the Zuo Quan Martyrs' Cemetery.
Zuo Quan (1905-1942) was born into a poor peasant family in Huangmaoling Village, Pingqiao Township, Liling County, Hunan Province. In 1925, he joined the Communist Party of China and studied at the Guangzhou Army Martial Arts School, the Whampoa Military Academy, the Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, and the Frunze Military Academy. After the outbreak of the National War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he served as deputy chief of staff of the Eighth Route Army and chief of staff of the Forward Headquarters, and later concurrently served as the commander of another column of the Eighth Route Cadre, assisting Zhu De and Peng Dehuai in commanding the Eighth Route Army to carry out guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines in North China.
In May 1942, in order to crush the encirclement of the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army in Matian, Liaoxian County, in order to crush the encirclement of the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army in Liaoxian County, and to cover the breakthrough and transfer of the Northern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army, he was martyred in the Battle of Cross Ridge at the age of 37. General Zuo Quan was the supreme commander of the Eighth Route Army who died in the War of Resistance Against Japan, Zhou Enlai called him "enough to be a model for the party", and Zhu De praised him as "a rare talent in China's military circles".
Comrade Mao Zedong trusted and favored
Mao Zedong greatly appreciated the military talent and character of the left power. After Zuo Quan returned from the Soviet Union in 1930, Mao Zedong knew that a young Huangpu I and Frunze Military Academy high-talented students from the Western Fujian Soviet Region had come, named Zuo Quan, who was very concerned about Zuo Quan and cherished it.
Zuo Quan served as the principal of the first branch of the Red Army Officer School, and was appointed as the commander of the New 12th Army, and he led his troops to cooperate with the Red Army in the Central Soviet Region to win the first victory against "encirclement and suppression". His guerrilla tactics of "playing in circles" were deeply appreciated by Mao Zedong.
Mao Zedong liked cultured people and admired Zuo Quan's writing. Mao Zedong praised him as "two poles can do it." After the second anti-"encirclement and suppression" began, Mao Zedong transferred Zuo Quan to the General Headquarters of the Red Army as the chief of staff, in charge of the battle plan, and he actively implemented Mao Zedong's military thinking, which once again impressed Mao Zedong.
When planning the Ningdu Uprising, Mao Zedong deliberately appointed Zuo Quan to be the representatives of the Central Military Commission along with Liu Bojian and Wang Jiaxiang, who were veterans. According to Mao Zedong's vision, Zuo Quan went deep into the tiger's den three times, did a lot of work, and finally achieved a successful uprising. Not only did it remove the last "white nail" in the Central Soviet Region without a single shot, but it also reorganized a regular Kuomintang army of more than 17,000 people into the Red Fifth Army, and Zuo Quan was appointed as the most elite political commissar of the 15th Army of the corps. A few months later, he was appointed commander and political commissar of the Red 15th Army.
In October 1933, at the most tense moment of the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, he was appointed chief of staff of the First Red Army.
After the "Xi'an Incident," the CPC delegation went to Xi'an for negotiations. In order to show his sincerity in cooperation, Yang Hucheng asked the Chinese communists to send a military expert to Xi'an to discuss the defense of Xi'an city and the protection of the Chinese communist representatives. Mao Zedong believed that it was most appropriate for the left to go. Because Zuo Quan was an outstanding student of the Huangpu Phase I and stayed in the Soviet Union for 5 years, he was a "pure-blood" regular soldier, and the generals on the Kuomintang side were very obedient to him.
After the successful cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communists, the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army. Zuo Quan was appointed deputy chief of staff. In this way, the 32-year-old Zuo Quan entered the top leadership of the Chinese Communist Party army.
A bullet should destroy an enemy
One day in the late autumn of 1941, a young Eighth Route Army soldier saw several pheasants foraging on the hillside. With a gunshot, he ran back happily carrying a pheasant. At dinner, the young warriors brought fragrant pheasants to General Zuo Quan. "Chief, your body has been tired these days, this is the pheasant I hit, and it stopped with one shot, but it wasn't..." The chief looked at the hot pheasant and looked at the soldier, and there was no trace of joy on his face: "You killed a pheasant with a bullet, and the price you paid was too great." The bullets were used to hit the Japanese invading forces. A bullet should destroy an enemy, but you kill a pheasant. I often talk about cherishing bullets, and sometimes a bullet can save ourselves. I don't eat this pheasant, and you don't want to eat it. A few of us were sick and wounded living on the back embankment, giving them pheasants. ”
Liu Hulan Memorial Hall
Liu Hulan Memorial Hall is located in Liu Hulan Village (formerly known as Yun Zhouxi Village) in Wenshui County, formerly known as Liu Hulan Cemetery, which was inaugurated and opened to the public on January 12, 1957.
Liu Hulan (1932~1947), a native of Wenshui County, Shanxi Province, attended primary school at the age of 8, joined the children's group at the age of 10, was elected as the head of the village children's regiment, led his partners to stand guard and check road strips, reconnoitered enemy situations, and transported weapons and ammunition. In January 1945, he participated in the Battle of Nishisha Grain Seizure. In October of the same year, he participated in a women's training course, was elected as the leader of the group, and at the mass meeting, exposed the crimes of the bully landlords against the masses, and was praised by the district. After returning to the village after the training, he served as the secretary of the village women's rescue association, organized women's winter schools, helped the families of military martyrs solve difficulties, and supported the front and condolence troops. He was arrested and killed on January 12, 1947, when he was not yet 15 years old, for informing traitors. Subsequently, Liu Hulan was posthumously recognized as a full member of the CCP by the Jinsui Branch of the CPC.
See death as homecoming
At dawn on January 12, 1947, more than 100 people from the Kuomintang Yan Xishan Army and the landlords armed "Revenge Self-Defense Force" suddenly surrounded YunzhouXi Village and blocked various intersections. Zhang Quanbao, a special commissioner of the first battalion of the enemy army, ordered Ming Gong to summon the whole village to a meeting in front of the Guan Yi Temple in the south of the village, and demanded that only one person in the family be allowed to guard the door, otherwise it would be punished according to the theory of "eight roads for smuggling."
As a result of the traitor Shi Wuze's whistle-blowing, the enemy has arrested a number of village cadres and activists. A member of the "revenge team" recognized Liu Hulan and threatened her to "confess". Liu Hulan looked at him contemptuously and said nothing. She understood: she was facing a life-and-death test. She slowly removed the ring, took out a washed handkerchief and an empty golden oil locket from her pocket, and solemnly handed them to her stepmother Hu Wenxiu. At this time, the enemy pounced into the crowd, grabbed Liu Hulan out, and pushed into the temple.
The enemy began interrogating Liu Hulan in the West Wing of the Guanyin Temple. Zhang Quanbao asked, "Who killed the village chief of your village?" Liu Hulan replied emphatically: "I don't know! "What work have you done for the Eighth Route Army?" "I've done everything!" Liu Hulan's answer surprised the enemy greatly. He continued to ask, "How did you communicate with the Eighth Route Army during this period?" "Didn't pass the letter." Zhang Quanbao sneered triumphantly: "Now someone has confessed that you are a communist." Liu Hulan replied awe-inspiringly: "If you say that I am a Communist Party member, I am a Communist Party member, what about being a Communist Party member?" "Who else is a Communist in your village?" "Just me," Zhang Quanbao coaxed again: "'Confession' is self-help; you 'confess' and give you a piece of land." "You just give me a 'golden man,' and I don't 'confess. ”
Zhang Quanbao slapped the table angrily and shouted, "You are young and hard-mouthed!" You are not afraid of death? Liu Hulan replied sharply: "If you are afraid of death, you should not be a communist!" Zhang Quanbao wanted Liu Hulan to promise in front of everyone that he would not do anything for the Eighth Route Army in the future, and he would immediately release her.
Liu Hulan immediately pushed back: "That can't be done!" Zhang Quanbao was furious and shouted, "Tie me up." Several soldiers rushed up and tied Up Liu Hulan. Machine guns were set up around the execution ground, and in the middle were piled a pile of wooden sticks and two shining knives.
After the enemy read out the so-called "guilty charges" of Liu Hulan and seven other people, he forced the masses to answer: "Are these seven people good people or bad people?" The crowd's answer sounded like a thunderclap on the ground: "Good man! The enemy panicked, set up a plane to aim at the masses, and frantically shouted and cursed, and did not let the masses speak again. The brutal enemy was extremely vicious and wanted to use his death to force Liu Hulan to obey, so he began a terrible massacre. Liu Hulan stood in the middle of the execution ground, grieving for the sacrifice of his comrades-in-arms, and even more proud of their deaths. She was not afraid, her eyes spewed flames, glared at the bandits, and angrily shouted, "How can I die?" ”
Zhang Quanbao was completely desperate and shouted, "One like that! ”
The crowd on the execution ground was furious. In the face of the blood of the martyrs, thousands of hatreds surged into Liu Hulan's heart, she gritted her teeth, stood tall, and said firmly: "What is so terrible about death?" "If you want to kill, you will be cut down, and if you are afraid of death, you are not a Communist!" In order to protect the villagers from harm, Liu Hulan was awe-struck, threw off his short hair, looked at the simple parents and lovely sisters in the crowd, silently bid farewell to the villagers, and without fear, stepped on the blood of the six martyrs and sacrificed under the enemy's knife.