Among the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty, the three kinds of porcelain of Ru, Guan and Ge are all celadon porcelain. It can be distinguished only from the color. Scientifically speaking, jun porcelain also belongs to celadon porcelain, but it is not dominated by celadon porcelain. The colors of the kiln include rose purple, begonia red, eggplant purple, sky blue, rouge, cinnabar, fiery red, and kiln variation.
Northern Song Dynasty Jun kiln sky blue begonia red slag bucket type flower pot Collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei
Ancestors in the kiln fire can make porcelain turn blue and white, yellow and black, burning fire, but how can not change the color of "fire". Intentionally or unconsciously, the jun kiln craftsmen in Yuzhou, Henan, do not know whether they dropped the copper coin on the billet tire, or whether the tire glaze was matched with the wrong proportion and raw materials, and even transformed into a purple red.
Since then, Jun Porcelain Cave has opened a new world, thus leaping into the list of famous kilns of the Song Dynasty.
Qingjun kiln sky blue glaze purple red spot bottle
The main firing period of the Jun kiln is the Song Jinyuan period, its kiln site is in the present-day Henan Yuzhou, Yuzhou before the Ming Wanli, Yuzhou was called Junzhou, and later in order to avoid the name of the Wanli Emperor, the Junzhou was changed to Yuzhou.
The shape of jun porcelain is simple and dignified, the kiln becomes magnificent, the order is symmetrical, the atmosphere is elegant, the court is imposing, and it is meticulous. It is heavy and simple, bright and deep. Junzhou Shenyuan town is rich in malachite, malachite contains a large amount of copper, Jun kiln is taken nearby, copper as a color agent, which is also a huge contribution of Jun kiln to the history of Chinese ceramics, the use of iron, copper color of different characteristics, burned out blue with red, purple spots or pure azure, pure moon white and other glaze colors, to opal lustrous cyan as the tone, with milky and opaque effect.
Yuan Jun kiln sky blue glaze purple red spot bowl Collection of the Palace Museum
The beauty of the Jun kiln is also reflected in the kiln change of the Jun kiln, which is known as "a color into the kiln, a thousand colors out of the kiln". This "multicolor" means that even if the same glaze is applied to the same kiln before firing, the glaze color presented when the kiln is opened is still ever-changing and different. The so-called kiln change refers to the change after entering the kiln, after high temperature firing and oxidation, which is uncontrollable by manpower. The unique glaze color of jun porcelain is naturally formed, non-artificial depiction, and the glaze color of each piece of jun porcelain is unique and unique, that is, "jun porcelain is unmatched", and its glaze color is transparent, warm, and the carcass is exquisite.
Ming Jun kiln grape purple glaze drum nail wash Shanghai Museum collection
Jun porcelain is unparalleled, ever-changing, and the artistic conception is endless. In particular, it is based on red and purple, and it shines with each other. Its shape is as beautiful as a flowing cloud, as brilliant as a fiery cloud, unpredictable, with a fascinating artistic charm, exuding unparalleled beauty in the world of competing porcelain.
Jin Jun kiln sky blue glaze purple red spot amphora gourd bottle Collection of the Palace Museum
The kiln transformation art of Jun porcelain has changed the tranquility and tranquility of celadon in the past, and the unique natural beauty, artistic beauty and lofty ideal beauty of porcelain are integrated, creating a colorful artistic masterpiece with a unique style.
Jun kiln rose purple glaze sunflower pot Collection of the Palace Museum
Who says Chinese seek stability and not take risks? Who says Chinese the pursuit of beauty and the pursuit of art is not the ultimate? The constant attempts at firing in the color of jun porcelain glaze are the most indomitable adventurous aspects of Chinese personality.
Jin Jun kiln azure glaze kiln change rose purple spot "three pools reflect the moon" disk Guanfu Museum
The colors in the jun porcelain are as brilliant as a rainbow and as magnificent as the burning clouds. Before this, the aesthetics of the ancestors were not so rich, and every craftsman of Jun porcelain was an artist and an adventurer, so Qianlong wrote with a large stroke of his pen, "After the rain, Ji Xia is red, and the fire is also slightly scorched." The cinnabar in the world is not intended, and the Western gemstones are difficult to match." To express their love for jun porcelain.
Statue of the Qianlong Emperor
In the 1930s, the site of the Jun kiln in Yuzhou, Henan Province, was discovered, and a large number of foreigners and scholars collectors rushed to compete for fragments of Jun porcelain, so at that time there were "a million pieces of jun porcelain in the family, not as good as a piece of jun porcelain". It is said that the fragments of jun porcelain can be polished and rounded and then embedded in the belt to show their status. "Jun and jade ratio, jun than jade beauty, like jade is not jade like jade", jun porcelain ornamental value is high, artistic charm is great, conquered generation after generation of Chinese descendants.
Shenyuan Jun porcelain old street
Because the glaze of jun porcelain is not only thick, but also viscous, when cooling, there will be some places filled with glaze between open and non-open pieces, which will form traces like earthworms crawling on the wetland after rain and sunshine, so it is called by the literati: "earthworms walk mud patterns".
Before the Republic of China, earthworms walking mud patterns could be used as a criterion for judging the authenticity of jun porcelain, but the craftsmen of modern jun porcelain factories have overcome this difficulty and accurately imitated the past characteristics.
Earthworms walk mud stripes
The development of modern jun porcelain was developed under the personal supervision of Premier Zhou, from the 1950s to the 1980s, the development of jun porcelain was mainly based on the state-owned jun porcelain factory, after the reform and opening up, the state began to support the development of the private economy, and the private jun porcelain factory continued to grow and develop.
It can be said that jun porcelain - surviving the vicissitudes of time, crossing the long river of history, and pretending to be a cultural fantasy, it is not only a royal tribute to the court, but also a diplomatic state gift today.
Ming Jun kiln rose purple glaze slag bucket pot Collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei
In Yuzhou, there is still a folk song circulating: "If you want to be poor, burn jun red, ten kilns and nine failures" said. All this shows that the difficulty of hook porcelain firing is considerable.
bibliography:
1, Ma Weidu said to collect ceramics
2, why the kiln got its name