In the United States, racial discrimination has been a constant occurrence, and to this day, the enslavement of African Americans by whites is still not extinct.
The most typical of these is the April-May 1963 riots in Birmingham, Alabama. Peaceful rallies and demonstrations held by the local black masses under the leadership of the nonviolent Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., against the apartheid policies imposed in schools and other public places, were repeatedly suppressed by government authorities and local white racists. In addition to guns and bullets, military police also used police dogs and electric batons, while white racists used bombs to deal with demonstrations by the black masses, and more than 2,000 black people were arrested. Pastor Martin Luther King Jr. was also among those arrested. A bomb planted by white racists under a black church alone killed four young black women who were attending a Sunday school class. It was in Los Angeles, the military sweep of Watts continued, and the revolt of the black masses continued. There were many fires in the city, and wisps of black smoke snaked up into the sky.
On August 16 and 17, repression and counter-repression continued, and by the 17th, a total of 27 black people had been killed in the Watts incident. 733 black and white people were injured and 3,124 arrested. There were also some casualties among the military police. In the days that followed, such casualties and arrests continued to increase. By the 20th, the number of arrests had increased to 4,217. Federal and district courts in California sent 72 judges to begin trials and sentencing arrested blacks.
At this time, several other cities in Michigan, including Flint, where GM's large number of factories were concentrated, also rose up in the anti-riot struggle of the black masses. Governor Romney needed to send troops to suppress it, so he could no longer send more troops to Detroit. Near noon on the 24th, President Lyndon Johnson authorized the Federal Department of Defense to "take all necessary measures" to restore "law and order" in Detroit, and ordered Lieutenant General John Sloth Morton to lead a 5,000-strong airborne task force of the regular Federal Army to Detroit and strengthen the crackdown. The President also appointed former Deputy Defense Secretary Cyrus Vance as the President's Special Representative to Detroit to coordinate the crackdown on the spot. At 3 p.m., Lieutenant General Sirock Morton and Mr. Vance met at Selfridge Air Force Base near Detroit. At about 4 p.m., the first paratroopers of the task force arrived at the air base. At 11:20 p.m. that night, President Johnson formally signed a proclamation ordering the federal paratrooper task force to march immediately into Detroit and place the Michigan National Guard forces already in Detroit under federal command. In the early morning of the 25th, Lieutenant General Sirock Morton led this federal army into the city, entered the designated positions, and commanded the unified action of the state National Guard to encircle and suppress the black masses.
From July 23 to 29, military police arrested more than 7,200 rioters in Detroit, wounded thousands, and killed 40 black and white people. This is still the official figure. What the actual number of casualties is, no one can say. Due to the large number of arrests, prisons could not accommodate them, and many people were held on buses and in underground garages with no food, no drinking water, and no toilets. Some of the arrested people were treated like livestock, detained in a mix of men and women, and many were severely tortured and seriously injured and taken to hospitals after being arrested.
A few years later, the Supreme Court unanimously passed a resolution overturning the City of Birmingham's demonstration decree. In 1963, black civil rights activists demanded a demonstration on the streets of Birmingham city to protest racial discrimination. After a few years of rising civil rights, the Supreme Court unanimously passed to overturn Birmingham's demonstration decree.