Park Chung-hee's childhood
In the winter of 1917, Park Chung-hee was born in Korea, which had been occupied by the Japanese army, and he was the youngest son of the family, and his family was poor since childhood. In fact, it is the state of eating the last meal and not eating the next meal. Park Chung-hee is particularly thin in this situation, and his height as an adult is 1 meter 62. Park Chung-hee was too weak to go to the fields to do farm work, so his family did their best to provide him with school.
In 1932, at the age of 15, Park Chung-hee was admitted to Daegu Normal School with honors, and five years later he graduated successfully and then worked as a teacher at an ordinary elementary school, although the salary was not high, but it was enough for Park Chung-hee, who lived in a poor family.
Park Chung-hee gave up his status as a teacher and devoted himself to joining the army
However, park Chung-hee, who was bent on idolatry of Napoleon and Hitler, was willing to be only a teacher, after serving as a teacher for two years, the Japanese army at that time enrolled students in Korea, Park Chung-hee decisively threw down the whip in his hand, wrote a blood book, and entered the Shinjing Puppet Manchuria School under the Japanese name "Masao Takagi", and embarked on the military journey from then on.
In 1942, at the age of 25, Park Chung-hee went to Tokyo to pursue an undergraduate degree at the Japanese Army Military Officer School, after which he was assigned to probationary officers. In order to climb up, Park Chung-hee tried his best, and the result was really many times appreciated by his Japanese superiors. It was also at this time that Park Chung-hee began to show his tyrant habits.
Park Chung-hee during the Japanese military period
In 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender, and Park Chung-hee's Eighth Infantry Wing refused to surrender and killed soviet liaison officers, leaving the Soviets to carry out a full-scale encirclement and annihilation operation against them. At this time, Park Chung-hee realized that the situation was not good, so he led three North Korean officers to escape the siege and came to Beijing dressed as refugees. Later, under the investigation of the Kuomintang military command, his true identity was revealed, and Park Chung-hee was repatriated to China in 1946.
Park Chung-hee rose through the ranks during The Syngman Rhee era
In May 1948, the then Korean Peninsula, with the support of the great powers behind them, was divided into two major powers, North Korea and South Korea. General elections were held in southern North Korea, and Syngman Rhee became the first president. In the subsequent Korean War, the Rok army was repeatedly defeated, and the battles that could be used were the Battle of Chuncheon and the Battle of White Horse Mountain, and the chief of staff of these two battles was Park Chung-hee. Because of his good performance in the war, Park Chung-hee was given the opportunity to study in the United States.
Park Chung-hee as a South Korean officer
By the time Park Chung-hee returned home, the Korean War was over. Park Chung-hee became an officer in the Republic of Korea, and then all the way to the promotion, at this time in South Korea, President Syngman Rhee's violent tactics led to constant domestic contradictions, and the whole country fell into chaos.
In 1963, south Korea ended its military years, and Park Chung-hee became president of the Democratic Republican Party in August and elected president in December of the same year.
Park Chung-hee delivered a speech
Park Chung-hee's presidency is also terrible, because when he was president, he served 5 terms, a total of 18 years.
Why is it said that Park Chung-hee is the biggest driver of the formation of the current Korean chaebol situation?
South Korea, which Park Chung-hee accepted in the early days of coming to power, was simply a mess.
South Korea's per capita GDP in 1961 was only $82, which was only 1/3 of North Korea's per capita GDP. At that time, South Korea was arguably one of the poorest countries in the world, with 1/3 of the country's population unemployed and most farmers without enough to eat. Park Chung-hee realized that only by developing the domestic economy could he keep his presidency, so in 1962 he used the Soviet Union's "Five-Year Plan" as a model for South Korea's first "Five-Year Plan."
Park Chung-hee
Park Chung-hee, who is bent on escorting South Korea's industrial development, decided that the government should control economic development and resource allocation, impose a large number of taxes and fiscal incentives on enterprises, implement tariff protection policies, and even advocate that citizens can only use products produced by South Korea in addition to products that must be imported. Under such circumstances, South Korea's light industry has developed rapidly, and product exports have entered a period of rapid growth. But all this made Park Chung-hee feel that it was not enough, and the development model of Japan after World War II gave Park Chung-hee greater hope. He was determined to learn from Japan and import a lot of Japanese technology and capital.
At the same time, Park Chung-hee also thought of relying on the United States for development, so he sent 320,000 troops to the Vietnam battlefield in exchange for more than one billion yuan of economic assistance from the United States, taking this opportunity to quickly grow up through American orders.
Park Chung-hee inspects the countryside
In the 1970s, Japan's labor costs gradually increased, and some industries began to move overseas, and South Korea took over Japan's low-end industries. At the same time, Park Chung-hee was preparing to transition to heavy industry, but no entrepreneur in South Korea at that time was willing to take a huge risk. So in 1975, the Park Chung-hee government learned from Japan's integrated trading company system and introduced relevant regulations, stipulating that in terms of capital and export scale, enterprises that can meet the conditions can become a comprehensive trading company.
The comprehensive trading company brought together those large enterprises that already had the accumulation of original capital, and the government gave them policy protection and preferential treatment to encourage them to develop heavy chemical industries, and at this time, Samsung, Credit, Dayu, LG and other consortiums appeared, and South Korea officially entered the era of chaebols.
In the end, he fell under the muzzle of the most trusted men
Park Chung-hee was shot, and this has to be mentioned as two of his most trusted subordinates, one is South Korea's Central Intelligence Minister Kim Jae-gyu, and the other is Cha Ji-cheol, the police chief who has always stood by his side. The two sides took completely different positions against the protests of the South Korean people at that time. Kim Jae-kyu is a moderate, Cha Ji-cheol is a hard-liner, and Cha Ji-cheol is deeply trusted by Park Chung-hee.
On October 16, 1979, massive opposition demonstrations broke out in Busan and Masan. Kim Jae-gyu was seriously dissatisfied with Cha Ji-cheol, who was to be forcefully suppressed at that time, which also became the fuse for the activation of contradictions in the future.
On October 26, 1979, Park Chung-hee had dinner at his home. During the banquet, Cha Ji-che mentioned that Kim Jae-gyu had slackened off in suppressing the demonstrations, and this sentence once again aroused Kim Jae-gyu's dissatisfaction, and the cocktail party immediately turned into a criticism meeting against Kim Jae-gyu. Kim Jae-gyu suppressed the anger in his heart, and after getting the pistol, he returned to his seat and said, "Your Excellency, you must also proceed from the overall situation when engaging in politics. After that, he shot and killed Cha Ji-cheol, and fired several shots at Park Chung-hee, and finally Park Chung-hee collapsed in a pool of blood, and the colorful era belonging to Park Chung-hee came to an end.
Park Chung-hee shot the scene
After Park Chung-hee's death, the body was taken to the Seoul Regional Hospital of the Nationalist Army. Kim Jae-gyu and others were arrested at 1 a.m. on October 27, and in the course of the trial that followed, Kim Jae-gyu argued that he had finally decided to assassinate Park Chung-hee in order to restore liberal democracy, and finally sentenced to death with several of his accomplices.
Park Chung-hee funeral
On November 3, 1979, Choi Gyu-ha's acting government held a state funeral for Park Chung-hee, the first state funeral in South Korea, which lasted nine days, and the South Korean people cried and mourned for him.