This article is reproduced from the [University of Electronic Science and Technology of China] public number
On March 4 and 5, the Fifth Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was held in Beijing
What motions, suggestions, and proposals have they put forward by the NPC deputies and CPPCC members from the University of Electronic Science and Technology who conscientiously perform their duties for the people and actively offer suggestions and suggestions? Let's take a look!
Zeng Yong
He is a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a member of the Central Committee of the Zhi Gong Party, the president and professor of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and a doctoral supervisor.
It is recommended to increase the proportion of recommended master's degree students who are exempted from the examination "Graduate education shoulders the important mission of high-level talent training and innovation and creation, and the mainland's master's degree enrollment selection adopts two modes of recommended exemption from examination and unified examination, and the current growth of the 'push and dismiss' indicator is far lower than the growth of the enrollment scale of master's students in the same period. In 2022, the two sessions of the National People's Congress were held, and Zeng Yong, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and president of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, made one of the proposals this year, focusing on the proportion of graduate students "pushing and dismissing".
Zeng Yong believes that undergraduate education is the root and foundation of the university, too long, too many outstanding students spend a lot of time to repeatedly brush up on the examination and research, not only caused the incompleteness of the undergraduate knowledge system and the lack of research ability, practical ability, innovation ability, etc., affecting the quality of undergraduate talent training, but also become a potential risk of the decline in the quality of graduate training, and even caused a new situation of boredom and the lack of curiosity and interest in further research and innovation.
In this regard, Zeng Yong suggested that the proportion of "pushing and dismissing" should be increased, and from the perspective of the "push and dismiss" work system, the students recommended to be exempted from the examination have undergone strict procedures, conducted a comprehensive assessment of academic achievements, scientific research quality, ambition goals, etc., and put a good "entrance" for high-quality graduate students. Further improving the proportion of "pushing and dismissing", especially the proportion of "double first-class" universities, can liberate more outstanding undergraduate students from the examination and research, focus on the complete undergraduate learning process, especially research-oriented learning, challenging learning and scientific research training, and improve the quality of undergraduate and graduate training.
With the increase in the number of graduate students applying year by year, in order to meet the needs of the state for high-level talents, especially the "double first-class" universities should assume the heavy responsibility of postgraduate education, on the basis of full research on the quality of colleges and universities, the enrollment indicators of "double first-class" colleges and universities with good school quality can be tilted.
Constructed the State Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Barrier Construction in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River of the Yangtze River
Sichuan is an important source area of major rivers such as the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, and has an important position in building ecological barriers in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, maintaining the pattern of national and regional ecological security, and protecting biodiversity, but the scientific research on the mainland focusing on biodiversity protection and ecological barrier construction is still facing problems such as weak systematization and scattered scientific research forces, scientific research capabilities do not match the ecological status, and are incompatible with the realization of high-quality development of ecological protection, and a series of major scientific understanding and technological innovation still need to be broken through. The development of the discipline is at a critical stage of historic breakthrough.
In this regard, Zeng Yong suggested: First, the status is outstanding, and Sichuan has unique advantages in biodiversity conservation. The construction of the State Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Barrier Construction in the upper reaches of the Yellow River of the Yangtze River in Sichuan Province has one opportunity and two major advantages. An opportunity: In the existing national innovation system, key laboratories related to ecological environmental protection lack a national scientific and technological innovation platform dedicated to the construction of biodiversity conservation and ecological barriers in the upper reaches of the Yangtze river and the Yellow River. Two major advantages: first, the location advantage is obvious, Sichuan Province is located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River of the Yangtze River, is an important biodiversity hotspot in the world, the strategic position of the national ecological security pattern is very important, and can form differentiated competition with other state key laboratories and other provinces and cities; the second is that the scientific research force is relatively strong, with many scientific research institutions such as the Chengdu Institute of Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and many other scientific research institutions and provincial platforms such as the Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation of Sichuan Province. Scientific and technological innovation research clusters such as biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration have a certain influence at home and abroad, and have obvious advantages in scientific research.
Second, integrate resources and actively promote the creation of state key laboratories. Taking the "joint construction of provinces and ministries" as a breakthrough point, combining the creation of major strategies such as the construction of the Western Science City (Chengdu) and the creation of a national science center, the first is to support Sichuan to establish a special office for biodiversity conservation and ecological barrier construction in the upper reaches of the Yellow River of the Yangtze River, and to coordinate and promote the joint construction of the state key laboratory between the province and the ministry. The second is to be led by the Ministry of Science and Technology and coordinate relevant ministries and commissions to plan and deploy major scientific and technological innovation tasks around the conservation of biodiversity and ecological barriers in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. The third is to rely on the Chengdu Institute of Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to integrate relevant scientific research forces, innovate scientific research cooperation mechanisms, promote cross-integration and infiltration between disciplines, and carry out the preliminary work of creating a state key laboratory.
Third, aim at the frontier and clarify the key points for the creation of the State Key Laboratory. Focus on the conservation of biodiversity and the construction of ecological barriers in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, take "new biology" as the scientific research paradigm and task organization method, integrate innovative forces across disciplines and fields and regions, and deploy four main directions: First, focus on the construction of biodiversity conservation and national parks and other protected area systems, focus on the endangerment mechanism and protection technology of key species, climate change response and response of mountain ecosystems, and the research on carbon sequestration mechanism and carbon neutrality technology of natural ecosystems such as forests and grasslands. The second is to aim at the strategic needs of the ecological security pattern, carry out research on the degradation process and driving mechanism of typical fragile ecosystems, innovate the core technical system of ecological restoration, focus on the superimposed impact of climate change and human activities on the function of ecological barriers, and develop key technologies such as adaptive management regulation and response. The third is to focus on the sustainable use of biological resources and food security, systematically recognize the material basis of biological resources, and establish a research system and key technology platform for the sustainable use of characteristic biological resources. The fourth is to focus on theoretical innovations such as Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization and the transformation of "Two Mountains", develop the theory of restructuring the structure and function of urban and rural ecosystems, carry out the improvement and value transformation of ecological services, and the model innovation and technology integration of rural green development.
Develop shared battery packs to alleviate the "mileage anxiety" of new energy vehicles
"From a quantitative point of view, the mainland's charging infrastructure can basically meet the rapid development of new energy vehicles." However, there are structural difficulties in the development of charging piles. Although the industry prospects are promising, charging and power exchange operators are still trapped in a profit dilemma. Zeng Yong believes that mainland new energy vehicles have gone through the "policy-driven initial stage" and "the transitional development stage of the policy market dual drive", and with the complete withdrawal of industrial subsidies in 2022, they have entered a "new stage of market-driven development" and are facing new challenges.
According to the data of the China Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Promotion Alliance, in 2021, 936,000 new charging piles were added in the mainland, an increase of 193% year-on-year; in 2021, the number of public and private charging piles in the mainland was 2.617 million units, and the number of new energy vehicles in the same period was 7.84 million, with a pile-to-vehicle ratio of 1:3. From a quantitative point of view, the charging infrastructure in the mainland can basically meet the rapid development of new energy vehicles. However, there are structural problems in the development of charging piles, which are manifested in: the proportion of public piles and private piles is unbalanced, while the number of shared private piles is small; the DC charging pile of "fast charging" is lower than that of the "slow charging" AC charging pile; the use of public charging piles is uneven in time and space; and the distribution of public charging pile construction is uneven.
Zeng Yong analysis: From the perspective of charging mode, according to the calculation of relevant institutions, the breakeven utilization rate of charging piles is 8%-9%, while the average daily effective utilization rate of public charging piles in 2021 is 6%, most charging pile operators have difficulty making profits, and the industry as a whole is in the loss stage. From the perspective of power exchange mode, as of November 2021, there are a total of 1192 replacement power stations in the mainland. The analyst believes that the break-even point of the passenger car replacement power station corresponds to the utilization rate of about 20%, and the utilization rate of the replacement power station that has been put into operation is generally not reached. In addition, the power exchange technology involves patents, and is currently in the stage of independent research and development and independent construction and operation of enterprises, lacking collaboration and sharing; the promotion of the power exchange mode is restricted by many different factors such as vehicle body design, battery specifications, connection interfaces, etc., there is no national standard, and the conditions for large-scale commercial operation and promotion of the replacement power station are not yet mature.
"It is recommended that the government and enterprises with the ability to integrate industry resources join forces to promote the establishment of battery standards to achieve the dual use and safety of batteries; develop shared battery packs, and consumers can flexibly match the number of batteries according to the needs of travel miles." Zeng Yong proposed that the battery cost accounts for 35 to 40% of the cost of new energy vehicles, and suggests the implementation of battery leasing to reduce the cost of car purchase; the promotion of the combination mode of "battery rental + battery replacement + battery upgrade" can not only reduce the cost of car purchase in the early stage, but also replace the battery on demand.
At the same time, he suggested strengthening the innovation and standardization support of power exchange technology, building suitable power stations, and exploring shared power exchange modes. "Standardization can promote the development of the industry, but the standardization of power exchange technology faces many obstacles, which require consistency in battery specifications and replacement methods." The world's major power battery manufacturers, materials, arrangement, energy density, etc., the unified standard requires changes in the existing production input and production methods; different models of power exchange methods are also different, and the unified standard needs to transform the body and chassis structure. Zeng Yong's investigation found that the standardization of power exchange involves many interests, and it is recommended that the government take the lead, gradually transition from enterprise standards, industry standards, national recommended standards to national mandatory standards, and unite automobile manufacturers, battery manufacturers and power exchange operators to guide and step by step in unified battery standards. At the same time, increase the research and development of testing technology and instrument equipment.
In addition, industry alliances should be established to create an industry ecosystem. New energy vehicles have created ecosystems of different value networks, and it is recommended to strengthen cross-industry collaboration, form multi-party alliances, jointly build infrastructure and ecosystems, and promote the collaborative symbiosis of all parties in the industry; explore data interaction standards between batteries and charging equipment; unify power exchange standards to improve the economy and safety of power exchange and replenishment; and promote the research and development of new technologies such as wireless charging and automatic unmanned charging.
Yao Dezhong
He is a deputy to the National People's Congress, the director of the Information Medicine Research Center of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the president of the Sichuan Institute of Brain Science and Brain-like Intelligence.
The three parties jointly create a scientific research stage and promote the high-level integrated development of Chengdu-Chongqing science and technology
Yao Dezhong shared the idea of how the Chengdu-Chongqing Twin Cities Economic Circle can make a breakthrough in the field of scientific research: the national layout to build the Chengdu-Chongqing Twin Cities Economic Circle, including the "Science and Technology Innovation Center with National Influence", the essence of which is to promote better scientific and technological integration and development between the two places, so as to promote the high-level and high-level development of the regional economy and society.
Yao Dezhong said that from the scientific and technological circles where I am located, the scientific and technological personnel in Chengdu and Chongqing are enthusiastic, for example, we established the Chengdu-Chongqing Brain Intelligence Alliance last year, and the brain science-related societies in the two places have actively participated, and they all hope that the establishment of the alliance can play a promoting role in the development of Chengdu-Chongqing brain science and intelligent technology. To this end, it is particularly hoped that the government can build a stage to support the scientific research cooperation of the Alliance.
First of all, scientific research is "high consumption" and needs funds. Yao Dezhong suggested that consideration can be given to the tripartite (central + Sichuan-Chongqing) joint funding to create a joint scientific research platform, the state can be the National Natural Science Foundation of China or the Ministry of Science and Technology to pay a part of the money, Sichuan and Chongqing each to pay a part of the money, the tripartite joint construction of science and technology project platform, and then issue a project guide closely related to the two places, to encourage scientists in Chengdu and Chongqing to jointly carry out scientific research, but also can be Chengdu and Chongqing + the country and even foreign advantageous units joint research. In this way, we will mobilize local and domestic and foreign superior resources to jointly solve the problems faced by the Chengdu-Chongqing region in terms of economic and social development, while cultivating and expanding the local scientific research team and planting the soil for sustained and high-quality development. "There are both funds, tasks and goals, and can also promote the growth of scientists, in one fell swoop, it is expected that with very little investment, the entire science and technology sector in the Chengdu-Chongqing region will be leveraged, and the construction of the science and technology innovation center will be logical." Yao Dezhong said.
How will the scientific research in Chengdu and Chongqing complement each other's advantages and join hands with each other? Chengdu Yu is a brother, there is no problem of who eats whom, today's scientific and technological field space is huge, plus Chengdu Yu was originally a family, in the past development has formed a certain complementarity, to brain science as an example, on the whole, Chongqing in the macroscopic psychological cognitive behavior has more advantages, Chengdu in the neuro information is more prominent, in the basic neuroscience, the advantages of the two sides are also different, if these are well developed, integrated, you can be in the Chengdu-Chongqing pattern, Form a complete brain science chain, and even reach the status of other advantageous regions in the United States, laying the forefront position of Chengdu and Chongqing as a whole in the country.
Focusing on Alzheimer's disease patients, it is recommended to promote a national brain exercise based on rich brain-organ interaction
"Alzheimer's disease over the age of 60 accounts for about 6% of people of the same age, and even 1/3 of the age of 85, which is a very large population." Yao Dezhong said that there are currently about 9.83 million Alzheimer's disease patients in mainland China, and it is expected to exceed 20 million by 2050. However, due to the complexity of its etiology, the means of treatment are very limited.
"With the progress of society, people's life expectancy is increasing, but the aging problem of the brain does not seem to be effectively controlled, so the proportion of Alzheimer's disease patients among their peers is relatively high." In Yao Dezhong's view, Chinese has undergone tremendous changes in lifestyle, longevity, environment, etc. in the past few decades, and these factors may have an impact on the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease.
Yao Dezhong introduced that the current treatment of Alzheimer's disease actually has three aspects, one is the microscopic level, that is, drug treatment; the second is to intervene from the functional activity aspect, through the physical field and other ways; the third is the psychological level of intervention, so that the patient opens the heart knot so that the patient's state is better, but these three treatment methods can not cure Alzheimer's disease.
"In the investigation of the etiology of Alzheimer's disease, 40% of the factors are more clear, but there are still 60% of the factors are less clear." Yao Dezhong introduced that at present, studies have shown that the risk factors that can be changed by Alzheimer's disease include living environment, education level, marital status, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and so on. Based on this, he believes that it is possible to intervene with more specific risk factors to delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
Yao Dezhong stressed that the intervention of Alzheimer's disease needs to follow the perspective of systematic science and regulate the brain in a comprehensive way, including exercising, participating in various group activities, maintaining healthy eating habits, and so on. "Brain-organ interaction actually refers to everything outside the brain, including the environment, body organs, things played outside the world, and so on."
He suggested that launching brain sports based on rich brain-organ interaction interventions throughout the country to improve people's brain health and transfer the treatment of Alzheimer's disease to prevention is of great significance to reducing the incidence and delaying the development of the disease, and can also delay the aging process of the population to a certain extent.
Performing Duties and Fulfilling Responsibilities and Discussing the Country Together the Voice of Chengdian in the Two Sessions focusing on the national strategy and people's livelihood concerns reflects the full political enthusiasm and highly responsible political attitude of the deputies and members
Forge ahead on a new journey And the new era of meritorious service will make unremitting efforts to forge ahead and win greater glory on the new road of catching up with the examination